South Carolina women in the confederacy

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ISABELLA D. MAKTl.N.
SUSAN F. PEESTON.

MAllY C. PKBSTON.
SALLY HAMPTON.

EUGENIA C. GOODWYN.
GBACB ELMORB.

SOUTH CAROLINA WOMEN
IN THE CONFEDERACY.

RECORDS COLLECTED BY

Committee From South Carolina State
Division, U. D. G.

VOLUME II.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY

Mrs. James C^onner, Mrs. Thomas Taylor, Mrs. A. T. Smythe,

Mrs. August Kohn, Miss Mary B. Poppenheim,

Miss Martha B. Washington,

Mrs. Berwick Legare.

State Committee Daughters of the Confederacy.

Columbia, S. C.

THE STATE COMPANY,

1907.

COPYRIGHT, 1907

By

THE STATE COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

Preface S

Report of Committee on the Work of the Women' of South Carolina

During the War Between the States 7

Woman's Work in Lancaster District, 1861-65. • ■ -Mrs. J. H. Foster 21
Ladies' Aid Society of Abbeville District, S. C, Scotch Cross Com-
munity, 1862-65 Z. E. C. Fleming 30

Extracts from a Paper, "Experiences of One Woman''

A Member of Rock Hill Chapter, U. D. C. 33

Extracts from a Paper by E. A. A., of Greenwood, S. C 35

Extracts from a Paper by Mrs. William Jeffries, of Cherokee County,

S. C, a Member of John Haines Chapter, Jonesville, S. C 35

Extracts from a Paper by Mrs. T. C. Albergotti, of Orangeburg, S. C. 36

The Women of Vances Miss Ella Millings 38

The Women of the Confederacy — Spartanburg Town and District,

1861-65 Alice Walker Lee 39

Woman's Work in Anderson Mrs. Mary Brown 50

Sketch of Mrs. George McMaster E. E. Jackson 50

Woman's Work in Barnwell Mrs. Johnson Hagood 51

Soldiers' Aid Societies not Included in Volume First 91

Report of the South Carolina Hospital Aid Association in Virginia. . 93
Mrs. Mary A. Huntt and What She Did for the Preservation of the

State Records of South Carolina Mrs. F. G. Burkheister 120

Miss Mary Ann Buie, the Soldiers' Friend Mrs. Jas. H. White 121

Slavery, as I Have Known It A. E. Davis 122

Sketch qi Mrs. Margaret Tyler McMichael Miss Mary McMichael 129

Sketch o'f Mrs. Thomas Taylor 131

Mrs. George Butler, nee Jane T. Perry 133

Personal Recollections of the War Between the States

Mrs. Eugenia C. Babcock 134
Personal Recollections and Experiences During the Burning of Colum-
bia, S. C, by Sherman's Army, February 17, 1865

Miss Catherine Prioleau Ravenel 147

Laurens County During the War S. B. Pluss 149

Reminiscences Mrs. Cornelia MacMichael Conner 152

A Child's Recollections of the War Between the States

Mrs. Alice Mellichamp Burch 154

Personal Recollections and Experiences. . . .Mrs. Mary Montague White 156

A Confederate Wedding Mrs. Nette P. Evans 160

The Occupation of Lancaster, S. C, by the Yankees, Led by General Kil-

patrick Mrs. Lida B. Jones 163

Recollections Mrs. Octavia Harby Moses 166

Supplemental Narrative Mrs. Rebecca H. Moise 170

Some War-Time Incidents of Sumter County, S. C

Mrs. Ruth McLaurin 172

4 Table of Contents.

Page.
Extracts from the Letters of a Confederate Girl to a Cousin in Virginia,

from i860 to 1866 Mary Darby de Treville 176

Records of a Refugee from the Coast Mrs. S. J. Murray 193

Personal Experiences, '6i-'6s Mrs. Leora Sims O'Neal 196

Recollections of Sherman's Raid Through South Carolina, February,

186s Mrs. Margaret Crawford Clarkson 200

An Account and Reminiscences of the Exodus from Beaufort, S. C, in

1861 Miss Mary S. Hamilton 203

Reminiscences of the Exodus from Beaufort, S. C. . Mrs. A. B. Mazyck 206
Personal Experiences of Mrs. Lydia Walpole Salley, of the Paul Mc-

Michael Chapter, Orangeburg, S. C Mrs. Lydia Walpole Salley 210

Miss Katherine Robertson, of Charleston Kit Courtland 214

Deeds of Southern Women Should Live Mrs. Thomas Taylor 216

PREFACE.

When history was written only to tell of changes in government
and the body politic, it could well be described in the sneering terms
of a writer as "little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and
misfortunes of mankind." But, now that the people as well as their
rulers are brought forward by our writers, it is seen that the field of
history includes the Home and the Family, as well as the realm, the
sovereign, and the subject. With mention of the homes of a people,
come" sentiments' of the heart and deep tides of feeling. And, if as
has been well said : "The most valuable acquisition from history is
the enthusiasm it excites," then the record of private experiences in
the home, during the affairs and convulsions of the State, must be
depended on for a faithful picture of memorable times, and must be
rated as really indispensable to the full purpose of historic literature.

It cannot be said too often, that the struggle of our great war was
largely shared by the women of the Confederate States. Not in
public station, nor in the social centres of the South, so much as in
the homes of their own loved ones ; and everywhere in private life,
were the proofs given of their heroic self-sacrifice and energetic,
devoted, patriotism. These were the springs, the fresh springs, of
Southern valor and endurance. Our men in the field fought for
their rights, their altars, and their homes; our women from those
homes sent forth continual inspiration and enthusiasm to their cham-
pions. And, now, with the calmest possible retrospect of the failure
of the Cause we fought for, and of days and nights of adversity that
followed our defeat, the old soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy
regard with gratitude every measure used to impress the minds of
posterity with reverence and love for the honorable legacy of a good
fight for a good cause and a good name.

* * * * "Say we fall !
We feed the high tradition of the world,
And leave our spirit in our children's breast."

It is this thought of the children of the home, and of their being
heirs of a spirit which lent enthusiasm to the men and women of
the Confederacy, that fills out the purpose of this book. May it excite
the generations as they come to higher and higher ideals of character.

6 Preface

in faithfulness to truth, and truth-keeping and telling, in law-abiding
honor and obedience tO' words of obligation written or spoken !

From the favorable reception met with by the previous volume
published by the State Committee of the Daughters of the Confed-
eracy, it is hoped that this second volume concerning "The Women
of South Carolina in the Confederacy," may make lasting contribu-
tion to the literature of the great war. Devoted less to matters
economic and industrial than was its predecessor, it will be found to
supply many new facts and traditions, that might never have been
preserved, and to treat of matters as practical and valuable, as any
that have been previously recorded.

Jno. Johnson, D. D.

The members of the Book Committee regret exceedingly that an
error was made in article, "Recollections of Sherman's Raid Through
South Carolina, February, 1865," written by Mrs. Margaret Craw-
ford Qarkson, of Columbia, for which error she was not responsible.
The Mrs. Thompson referred to on page 201 was not the wife of
Gov. Hugh S. Thompson,' but was Mrs. O. R. Thompson (formerly
Miss Lize Clarkson, of Winnsboro, S. C).

This correction is made in order to keep the record straight, as the
error was made in the editing.

The Committee in charge of the second volume of "South Carolina
Women in the Confederacy," would record its most grateful
acknowledgment to the Rev. E. E. Hollingworth for his invaluable,
freely given services in arranging the index to both volumes of this
work — an arduous task undertaken as a testimonial to the interest
he feels in the work of preserving these records.

Mrs. James Conner.
Mrs. Thomas Taylor.
Mrs. Augustine T. Smythe.
Mary B. Poppenheim.
Martha B. Washington.
Mrs. August Kohn.
Mrs. T. Berwick Legare

Report of Committee on tHe Work of

the Women of SoutK Carolina

During tHe War Between

tHe States.

PART SECOND.

Part First of this committee's report ended on page 155 of Volume
First of "South CaroHna Women in the Confederacy," the last item
being of November 19, 1862.

Part Second of the report begins with the year 1863 and continues
to the end. It is largely gathered from the newspapers of 1863-1865.
These papers are filled with reports of donations and contributions
which, if reproduced, would probably contain the name of every
grown woman then in the State.

As such reports would make a bulky volume far beyond the means
of publication, we have only gathered a few such lists of donations,
or items of different dates, as showing the persistent and unfailing
efforts of the women of the Confederacy against increasing obstacles.

With the object of showing the surroundings of those women, we
have included items not strictly appertaining to their actual work,
but which give some idea of the circumstances and difficulties which
tried their courage, endurance, and ingenuity — as well as some
which suggest motives and insipration to endeavor.

The committee has departed from the chronological record of
events in cases where papers of value have been sent which cover
ground already gone over. In these cases the papers have been
inserted regardless of date. For want of space, in some instances
only extracts can be given of such papers.

Louisa McCord Smythe,

For the Committee.

Mercury, January 20, 1863.

The record for this year opens with the acknowledgment from the
Twenty-sixth Regiment, South Carolina Volunteers, of a box sent
them by the Soldiers' Relief Association of Marlboro, containing
thirty-five pair of pants, thirty-five pair of drawers, and seventy
pair of woolen socks.

8 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

The women had not lost interest in their gunboats, and we find
the officers and crews of the Gunboats Palmetto State and Chicora
writing to thank "the ladies" for laurel wreaths sent them. They
"hope to deserve the laurel and to return the olive branch."

Reference is made to the work of the Edisto Fork Soldiers' Relief
Association, of which Mrs. R. H. Inabinet was Vice-President ; and
of the Black Oak Soldiers' Relief Association, Mrs. Anne Waring,
President.

Mercury, February, 1863.

A concert was given at Kingstree for soldiers by the following
named ladies: Miss L. S. Breedin, Miss E. P. Scott, the Misses
Cade, Salters, Pack, Wilson, R. Flagler, J. Cunningham, Mrs.
L. Bellitzer, Mrs. Hains, and Messrs. Bellitzer and Creight. The
proceeds were $363.00.

The Charleston Soldiers' Relief Association acknowledges the
receipt of blankets made by Mrs. DeCardeuc, aged seventy-three.

Mercury, March, 1863.

Ladies of Buncombville send for the use of sick and wounded
soldiers $260 made by tableaux.

They also send $100.00 to the Wayside Hospital at Charleston.

Pineville's Auxiliary Relief Association sends supplies for Hos-
pitals.

Mercury, April 9, 1863.

Tn a despatch to Governor Bonham, General Beauregard says :
"April 8th, lo a. m. Enemy has not come up to time — appears satis-
fied for the present. Charleston ladies seem to think city safe.
Never have seen so many before on Battery. G. T. Beauregard."

Mercury, April 19, 1863.

The Free Market of Charleston gives notice that it is feeding the
families of 800 soldiers, but must close if not assisted.

We have already seen full accounts of the work of Mrs. Donald
Rowe of Orangeburg. From this date on she makes frequent
acknowledgments of help for soldiers on the cars.

Mercury, April 22, 1863.

Again contributions to the Free Market in Charleston are resumed
by" men and women.

The ladies of Buncombville send from proceeds of tableaux
$69.78 for soldiers in Virginia.

JIISS L.VIKA PORTER. CHARr.ESTON, COR. -SEC. OF LADIES
CAl.HOI'X MIl.NUJIENT ASSOCIATION, WHICH FROM
1861 TO 1865 WAS CONVERTED INTO SOL-
DIERS' RELIEF ASSOCIATION.

Report of Committee 9

In the midst of all the troubles and distresses of the time it is
pathetic to see that feminine instinct asserted itself, and that any
little hints or suggestions of fashion that managed to make their
way through the blockade in stray foreign papers, were read with
the greatest interest.

Mercury, April 17, 1863.

The Charleston Mercury of April 17, 1863, says that a copy of
the London Illustrated News has been received through the block-
ade. In this paper it is stated that hoop-skirts were moderating,
trains done away with, and dresses being worn hardly below the
ankle, leaving the whole foot exposed. It is to be doubted if many
Confederate women proceeded to shorten their dresses. Their shoes
did not suit that fashion. They did try, however, to bring their
bonnets up to the proper standard, and no doubt many remember
the terrible "scoop" that was added to the front of many an aged
bonnet by way of making it stylish.

Mercury, May 2, 1863.

But not much time was given to such vanities. Work for the
soldiers went steadily on, and we see the men of Battery Bee on
Sullivan's Island thanking "Miss Gadsden and others" for refresh-
ments sent them after "the late engagement in this harbour."

Mercury, May ir, 1863.

The Young Ladies' Musical Association of Charleston apparently
use their music to the same end, and send $50.00 to the Citadel
Square Hospital.

Columbia South Carolinian, May 17, 1863.

"The Ladies' Hospital Association of Chester, having now in full
operation a comfortable Wayside Hospital for sick and wounded
soldiers, would offer to any such a quiet rest, and refreshments, when
they may be either going to or coming from the wearisome toils of
the battlefield. Mrs. J. A. Bradley, Pres.

"Miss S. E. Henry, Sec."

Paper by Mrs. E. C. Babcock, written 1902.

Mrs. E. C. Babcock says of the work in Chester: "Committees
of ladies were formed to take baskets of provisions to the depot for
the carloads of hungry soldiers on their way to the seat of war. The

lo South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

members of the committee were : Mrs. M. A. Coleman, Mrs. John
Kennedy, Mrs. Middleton McDonald, Mrs. James Graham, Mrs.
Jordan Bennett, Mrs. E. J. Hinton, Mrs. E. C. Babcock, Mrs. Mar-
garet Woods."

Columbia South Carolinian, 1863.
A RIVAL OF MOLLY STARK.

"Every school boy knows the history of the revolutionary heroine
who tore up her flannel petticoat to make cartridges ; but Molly Stark
has her rival.

"A few days ago a number of wounded soldiers arrived at Chester,
S. C, and, as our women always do, they bestowed upon them every
attention, gave them food, rest and rebandaged their wounds. It
appears, however, one day all the bandages were exhausted before
all the soldiers were supplied, whereupon Mrs. Margaret Gaston
(whose noble husband, Capt. Lucius Gaston, had given his life
for the cause) , with a combination of ingenuity, patriotism, impulse
and generosity common to the gentler sex, stepped aside, loosened
her petticoat, which fell to the ground, lifted her pretty feet out of
it, and then tearing it into strips, deliberately proceeded to replenish
the supply of bandages."

Columbia South Carolinian, May 17, 1863.

The Columbia South Carolinian publishes a call for contributions
to build a card factory in order that women might be supplied with
cards for their cotton and wool; and also the following notice and
request :

"books for the hospitals.

"Ladies visiting the College Hospitals desire to establish a small
circulating library for the instruction and amusement of the patients.
They have been allowed the use of a suitable room for the purpose,
and will doubtless find many friends who will have books to spare
for the forwarding of this laudable object. Such are requested to
send to Mrs. McCord whatever they may have to contribute.

"May 8th."

Columbia South Carolinian, 1863.

From the City Directory published in that place we take the fol-
lowing "Hospitals" :

"Wayside — Near the South Carolina and Greenville Depot.
"College — At the South Carolina College buildings, Sumter street.
"Ladies — Laurens street, near Charlotte R. R. depot.

Report of Committee ii

"soldiers' associations.

"Soldiers' Relief Association — President, Mrs. C. Bryce.
"Ladies' Clothing Association — President, Mrs. McCord.
"Young Ladies' Hospital Association — President, Miss Darby.
"Ladies' Industrial Association — President, Mrs. Levy.
"Bureau of Central Association — Depot west side of Main street,
below Plain. Dr. M. LaBorde, Chairman."

Mercury, May 21, 1863.

From the newspapers we see that children emulated the example
of their mothers.

The Spartanburg Sabbath School Relief Association, through
Mrs. R. A. Carlisle, Secretary, sent for the use of soldiers two
quilted comforts, one mattress, fourteen shirts, two shirts, eleven pair
socks, one bushel dried peaches, one and one-half bushels dried
apples, grist, meal, rye, barley, peas, two hams, one piece dried beef,
two bottles blackberry wine, two bottles catsup, one bottle honey, one
package mint, bread, crackers, rice, twenty-four dozen eggs.

Mercury, May 21, 1863,

Mention is made of a lecture delivered by Dr. Irving before the
Ladies' Aid Society of Anderson.

Also that Mr. C. B. Farmer, at Walterboro, was planting poppies
from which to make opium.

Mercury, June, 1863.

The papers at this time contained long lists of the names of women
sent out of New Orleans by the United States authorities there.
Many of these were necessarily in great need, and collections were
immediately begun for their relief, and also to help sufferers at
Fredericksburg, Va. Women as well as men contributed to both
these causes.

Charleston Courier, June 19, 1863.

"The Trustees of the Roper Hospital, in behalf of the sick soldiers
at the Roper Hospital, gratefully acknowledge the excellent break-
fast kindly furnished them by Miss B. on the 6th and 12th inst. They
also return thanks to the Ladies' Relief Association and to the ladies
for their assiduous attention to the sick at the hospital.

"Arthur Fairly,
"Steward Roper Hospital."

12 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Mercury, June, 1863.
death of the rev. R. W. BARNWELL.

In this month the Rev. R. W. Barnwell, of South Carolina, died
in Richmond of typhoid fever, "having fallen in the cause of human-
ity." He had devoted his entire time and strength to hospital work,
collecting and distributing supplies for the sick and wounded
soldiers, and also giving them his personal care.

His death is announced in the Mercury of June 26th — that of
his wife in the papers of June 27th. Both of them, with their little
infant, were buried in Columbia on the same day. This funeral was
one of the saddest of the many sad scenes witnessed in old Trinity
Church in those dark days.

Mercury, June 30, 1863.

Children persevered in their little efforts. The Soldiers' Relief
Association of Charleston receives $3.00 each from Master Isaiah
Falk and Miss Sarah Falk, of Sumter, aged respectively five and
three years. These amounts were raised by a raffle suggested and
carried out by their little negro nurse.

Mercury, July i, 1863.

Mention is made of a raffle held in Pendleton to raise money for
the Ladies' Relief Association of that place.

There is also the advertisement of a performance by Harry
McCarthy and Miss Lottie Estelle, for the benefit of the Soldiers'
Relief Association of Charleston. Many still remember these enter-
tainments which were given all over the country. One feature
was always the singing of the "Bonnie Blue Flag," of which Harry
McCarthy was the composer. Verse after verse was sung, each
referring to a different State.

Charleston Courier, July 2, 1863.
"ladies' GUNBOAT RAFFLE.

"We beg leave again to call the attention of the patriotic sons
and daughters of the Palmetto State to this attractive raffle.

"Forty prizes, many of them of great value; the object, to provide
comforts for the gallant officers and crews of the Ladies' Gunboat,
Palmetto State, and her consort, the Chicora. Tickets at this office
$1.00 each."

Report of Committee 13

Columbia Guardian, July ii, 1863.

"The Treasurer of the Wayside Hospital (in Columbia) acknowl-
edges the receipt of the following donations during the last two
weeks: A lady, $100.00; Mrs. C, $10.00; Miss Jane Crawford,
$5.00; Mrs. Jane McNaul, $5.00; Mr. T. S. Creyton, $10.00; Rev.
E. T. Hyde, $1.50; Robt. McCaw, $10.00; Mrs. E. Rasor, $10.00.
Through Mrs. John Bryce, $86.25. Mrs. C. H. Baldwin, through
Mrs. Howe, $25.00."

Mercury, July 13, 1863.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston calls earnestly
for additional workers "in haste," as the need for clothing is imme-
diate.

Mrs. Wm. Gregg of Kalmia is a constant and generous contributor
of fruit and vegetables.

Mercury, July 14, 1863.

Fighting is reported at Battery Wagner and on James Island.
Hospitals in Charleston are crowded with wounded, and the Soldiers'
Relief Association calls urgently for cotton to make beds for them.

They also ask for cooked food to be sent to their depository by
one o'clock, midday, for a regiment on Morris Island.

The Twentieth Regiment, S. C. V., stationed on Morris Island,
acknowledge very gratefully five gallons of pure coffee sent them
by the Rev. Dr. Forrest, and preaches from the Soldiers' Relief Asso-
ciation.

The newspapers are, now made terrible each day by long lists of
the dead and wounded.

The ladies of Oak Lawn Association, St. Paul's Parish, send con-
tributions for soldiers, and there are other contributions from
"ladies" of cooked food for soldiers on Morris Island.

Courier, July 16, 1863.

J. J. Chisholm, M. D., Medical Purveyor, C. S. A., publishes a long
list of herbs, seeds, plants, dried fruits, etc. — also^ dried potato
bugs — all of which he needs in his department.

The papers are now filled with suggestions of substitutes, not only
for tea and coffee but for medicines. In a ragged old Charleston
Courier without date, but from the size and quality of the paper,
evidently late in the war, we take this: "In the present scarcity of

14 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

quinine it is worth knowing that the berry of the dogwood will break
fevers — one pill is a dose. The season is at hand to collect and dry
them for use. They will prove invaluable at home and in the hos-
pitals of our soldiers. — Galveston News."

Dr. T. A. Lafar, of the South Carolina Hospital Association in
Virginia (who remained in charge after Mr. Barnwell's death),
calls upon the people of South Carolina, and especially the women,
for more help. He says "a greater number of troops than ever is in
the field, and more help than ever needed with the sick and wounded."

Confederate Baptist, Columbia, July, 1863.

From some odd copies of this "war time" paper we gather the
following :

"In many districts in our State we have seen with grateful admira-
tion the waving fields of wheat enlivened by the labors of the
mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters of our brave soldiers. The
hand of woman has aided largely with the blessing of the God of
harvest in preparing and getting in the great grain crop to which
we have been looking with anxious expectations. The labor of
cradling (or cutting the wheat) is done in some sections by the few
males at home, by the servants and the invalid soldiers on furlough,
but the binding and stacking has been done in great part, and
from necessity, by the brave and faithful women, who are worthy to
be sisters to the soldiers of our Army."

A FEW CONFEDERATE RECIPES.

"To dye Solferino. Take a quantity of pokeberries, squeeze out
the juice, and to each cupful of the juice add one cupful of vinegar.
Put it in a brass kettle, put your yarn in warm water, squeeze it out,
then put it in the dye and let it boil strongly about thirty minutes, or
until it receives the proper color."

The writer of the above has shown us a child's stocking dyed after
the above recipe. Though it has been worn and washed it retains
a handsome scarlet color.

"To make Vinegar. The quidcest mode of making vinegar is to
mix five qyarts of rain water with two quarts of molasses, four
quarts of yeast and a half-pint of whiskey. In a short time you will
have the best vinegar you ever tasted.

"It may not be known that peaches may be preserved in good
flavor by simply cuttihg them in two, extracting the stone and

A Few Confederate Recipes 15

drying with the skin downwards. Much of the juice and flavor is
retained by this plan. We commend a trial, as the preservation of
fruit now is of great importance.

"Blacking. One cupful of vinegar, one cupful of lamp black, half
cupfulof sugar and egg beat up in strong soapsuds. Mix thoroughly
and the blacking is ready for use. Soot from chimneys will do as
well as lamp black.

"Persimmon Coffee. Save the seeds of persimmons after boiling,
for they are excellent for coffee — rather stronger or rougher than
genuine Rio. Dr. Buck says this coffee is equal to Java coffee. By
boiling the seeds are rid of all mucilaginous substance and just right
for coffee or buttons.

"If you use them for buttons the washer woman will hardly break
them with her battling stick. For coffee they should be parched
twice as long as any other substitute so as to make them tender to
the center.

"Many friends who have tried the qualities of paper as a covering
and additional protector against cold and wind, report favorably.
Two folds of newspaper in the shoe are equal to a good cork sole.
Persons liable to cold in the chest will find it beneficial to wear a
sheet of paper between the inner and outer garment. Paper leggings
have been tried by those who suffer about the ankles. Two folds
of paper attached or stitched on the thinnest sheet or coverlet will
be found equal to a good blanket." This was, to say the least, an
optimistic view of things, but in the great scarcity of flannel and
blankets the papers were often used, especially in repairing thread-
bare blankets.

This significant paragraph is quoted by the Confederate Baptist
from the Atlanta Intelligencer :

"The churches are filled with gentle women dressed in black."

As time went on it was an unusual thing to meet women not
dressed in black. The materials might be worn and patched, but
by some method or other the women managed to dye them and at
least comfort themselves with mourning garments.

And this is from the Rebel : "At our depot since the battle of
Chattanooga, whenever trains of wounded make their appearance,
they (the women) are there as though their sympathies had given
them an intuitive knowledge of the fact, with their baskets loaded
with nourishing food and drink, and climbing into the dirty cars in
which the poor soldiers are transported they bend over the sufferers
and minister to their wants, giving them food and drink, and, what

i6 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

is still dearer, the loving and kindly word of sympathy for his suf-
fering and prayers for his early recovery. Many a stout heart which
fluttered not upon the field of battle, softened under this exhibition
of devotion and interest and the big tear trickled down the ^jronzed
and weatherbeaten cheek."

Columbia Guardian, July 22, 1863.

In response to the appeal for the Card Factory, contributions begin

to come in. The ladies from Marlboro, whose names are here given,

each send $i.oo for this purpose :

Mrs. Sue D. Barentine. Mrs. M. J. McKennon. Miss Levina Easterling.

Mrs. J. A. Parham. Mrs. Laura Moore. Miss Mollie Bolton.

Mrs. M. A. Hamer. Mrs. Mary A. Pope. Mrs. Emily Easterling.

Mrs. Nancy C. Cook. Mrs. Julia C. Watson. Mrs. Lucretia McDaniel.

Mrs. Mary H. Bolton. Mrs. B. C. Hinson. Miss Clarissa Briston.

From Rich Hill, Chester District, Mrs. J. H. Stroud, $5.00; Miss
E. M. Crockett, $5.00; Mrs. M. E. Backstrom, $5.00.

In the same paper Mrs. Howe acknowledges for the Ladies' Hos-
pital, Columbia, $25.00, and a box of books from Rev. A. A. Porter;
$25.00 from Mrs. C. S. Pope, part of the Beaufort Hospital Fund ;
$5.00 from the Rev. J. F. Smith ; $5.00 from T. W. Smith ; also for
the Columbia Wayside Hospital, $25.00 from the Rev. A. A. Porter.

The College Hospital acknowledges the following contributions
from Pomaria : One large box of vegetables, flour, etc. ; one small
box the same; one bag of same; one hamper cabbages, one coop
of thirteen chickens, ten dozen eggs; seven pounds butter, three
packages herbs from Mrs. J. Griffin Williams; one bushel Irish
potatoes, half bushel onions, beets, squashes, and greens; also two
bottles red pepper catsup from Chappell's Depot. From J. H. Wil-
liams one basket vegetables.

Mercury, July 22, 1863.

Reference is made to a laurel wreath bound with Confederate
colors sent by ladies to the defenders of Battery Wagner.

The Twentieth Regiment, S. C. V., again acknowledge coffee sent
by Dr. Forrest — sixteen gallons this time — and also many provisons
from the Relief Association of Charleston.

This Association publishes acknowledgments of cooked food sent
them for the troops on Morris Island.

Mercury, July 25, 1863.

On July 14 a communication from Mr. E. Willis was published,
calling attention to the need of a Soldiers' Wayside Home in

Report of Relief Association 17

Charleston. This need was promptly filled. At this date the an-
nouncement is printed that such a home had been established at the
old American Hotel, at the corner of King and George streets. This
advertisement is signed by "George Robertson, Chairman of Com-
mittee."

Mention is made of contributions in aid of sick and wounded
soldiers from the orphan children of T. B. Huger, lately killed while
defending his ship at New Orleans.

Mercury, July 30, 1863.

"second annual report of the soldiers' relief association

of charleston.

"Depository, Chalmers St., July 20.

"By the blessing of God our city is still preserved, and we are
enabled to continue our work.

"Our brave soldiers, ever mindful of their pledges and true to their
country, are pouring out their life's blood in her defence. Shall
not we, then, in view of the dangers and hardships incidental to their
present condition, renew our efforts in their behalf with, redoubled
energy and activity ?

"In returning our thanks to those friends, both in the country and
city, who have aided us during the last two years by their presence,
labor, and means, we must entreat them not to forget us in the
time of our trouble, but come to the rescue as in days gone by. We
need hearty co-operation more than ever. * * * Though much
has been accomplished, more must be done, and we, now at the
commencement of the third year, pledge ourselves, with God's
favor and the help of our friends, to do still more for .our brave
defenders and our country. Mrs. George Robertson^

"President.

"Miss Blamyer, Secretary pro tem."

Treasurer's Report.

Received $5,893 16

Spent 1,931 55

Garments, etc., have been distributed throughout the year to fifteen
Regiments, six Battalions, 100 Companies, forty-six Hospitals, and
numerous individuals — ^as follows: 9,033 shirts, 6,581 drawers,
5,280 socks, 571 pants, 112 coats, 108 caps, 342 gloves, 273 slippers,
1,006 handkerchiefs, 242 dressing gowns, 565 mattresses, 146 bed

i8 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

and pillow sacks, 668 pillows, 942 sheets, 1,616 blankets and com-
forts, 1,107 towels, 232 mosquito nets, 308 scarfs. A large quantity
of rice, hospital stores, etc., has been distributed. The Associa-
tion has also been engaged in work for the Quartermaster — ^making
overcoats and uniforms for several companies. Members have also
visited the different hospitals and ministered to the sick and wounded
soldiers. During the first year the Association established the
Soldiers' Relief Hospital, Trapman street.

Mercury, July 31, 1863.

Lists of contributions to the Wayside Home in Charleston begin
now to appear in the papers, also more help for the refugees from
New Orleans.

Mercury, August 3, 1863.

Mention is made of the Ladies' Aid Association of Darlington.

Mercury, August 4, 1863.

A call is published for sand bags to be used in strengthening and
repairing fortifications in Charleston Harbor. This call was
responded to by women all over the State.

The help of servants was also asked for in filling bags and rowing
boats. Messrs. Williams Middleton and J. Bennett take charge of
the matter at South Commercial Wharf. Squads of negroes were
sent by many people through the State to work on the fortifications,
and this added to the cares of the women, for not only was labor
thus taken from the plantations, but clothes, etc., had to be provided
for these men.

Free colored men were asked to help in this work, which they
did in numbers, as the papers of the day show.

Mention is made of the Ladies' Aid Association, Society Hill, and
of the Ladies' Aid Society, Newberry, represented by Miss N. Mc-
Laughlin.

Capt. R. W. Roddy, of the Williams Guard at Fort Johnson,
acknowledge many kindnesses from Mrs. Williams, the mother of
their late captain, and hopes that the company will show their grati-
tude by proving themselves worthy of being called the Williams
Guard.

Mercury, August 8, 1863.

The authorities assure owners of negroes sent to work on fortifi-
cations that the men are well cared for. "A spacious hospital is

Report of Relief Association 19

provided for them on Southern Wharf, in charge of one of our most
eminent physicians."

Contributions to the Wayside Home of Charleston are received
from ladies of Beach Island, Rowe's Pump, and neighborhood,
Ridgeway, Camden, Charleston, Pendleton, Sumter, Eutawville,
Hendersonville, and St. Matthews.

Mention is made of the Ladies' Aid Associations of Sumter and
Bishopville.

Mercury, August 12, 1863.

The Greenville Ladies' Relief Association sends valuable clothing
and stores to the Relief Association of Charleston.

The Orangeburg Association, through Mrs. Sally and Mrs. Alber-
gotti ; and the Ladies' Sewing Society of Liberty Hill, through Mrs.
Wm. C. Wardlaw, also contribute to the needs of the soldiers on
the coast.

Mrs. C. A. Graeser sends $86.75, an offering from St. Matthew's
Chapel at Totness.

Dr. Bachman asks for bags and buckets in which to collect pro-
visions for the hospitals.

On this date the shelling of Charleston began. (An extract.)

Mercury, August 17, 1863.

St. Mark's Church, Clarendon, sends to the hospitals $45.00
through Dr. Bachman. In this report he mentions contributions
from Honea Path and from the Allendale Soldiers' Relief Asso-
ciation.

The Ladies' Aid Associations of Winnsboro, Pendleton, and
Rowe's Pump and Grahamville, are constantly working, and we see
contributions from Ladies' Aid Association of Hill's Church, and of
the Edisto Baptist Association.

Churches contribute frequently, and at this date there is a list of
donations from St. John's Church, Pendleton; Bethel, Rocky Mount
Church, Methodist ; Springtown Baptist Church ; Mt. Tabor Church,
Edgefield; Washington Street Presbyterian Church, Greenville.

Mercury, September i8, 1863.

Occasionally a special little gift was made to some soldier who,
by his gallantry and prominent position, had attracted attention. The
Mercury says : "We have received from a lady a beautiful silk
tobacco pouch for Maj. Stephen Elliott, Jr., which we have for-
warded as requested."

20 SoiTTH Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Mercury, September 25, 1863.

Dr. Bachman, while acknowledging very many articles sent by
women for the soldiers, again urges on them renewed efforts and
"untiring industry" with their knitting needles.

Columbia Guardian, October 8, 1863.

There is a call for a meeting of the Columbia Soldiers' Relief
Association at the small chapel of the Theological Seminary. The
call is signed by Cecelia L. Johnston, Secretary and- Treasurer.

Mercury, October 19, 1863. ,

"Fashion writers from European centres announce that no lady
of tone will be seen prpmenading with trailing dresses or petticoats.
Short dresses are now the style. They are scalloped round the edge
of the skirt and worn with balmoral jupons short enough to display
the boot, or else the skirt is looped up at every seam nearly to the
knees, showing the colored petticoat of mohair or other material,
trimmed either to match the dress or in contrast and corresponding
with hat or mantle. Leather boots have high heels, colored, perhaps,
and strings and tassels of leather. To every dress for walking
modistes attach little rings, through which pass cords running
through to the waist, which may be drawn up for the promenade,
and dropped at home.'' Fashion notes seem strangely irrelevant in
such a record as this, but they were read with great interest at the
time, and seem to emphasize the strange contrast in the lives of
women who wore such clothes and the Confederate women, who
were "in the world and yet not of it."

Mercury, October 31, 1863.

"The only frightened subjects in Charleston, in spite of the turmoil
of last week, are the pigeons, who are found dead and dying in the
streets, as they have been unable to take rest or food from fright
at the heavy firing."

Mercury, November 14, 1863.

Mention is made in the Mercury of the generosity and devotion
of the Sisters of Mercy during the siege of Charleston.

Mrs. Dantzler, of St. Matthews, is frequently mentioned among
the subscribers to all objects concerning the soldiers.

Mercury, December 4, 1863.

Many acknowledgments are published from the Rev. E. T. Wink-
ler, Senior Chaplain of Hospitals in Charleston; from James S.

Report of Relief Association 21

Gibbes, Treasurer of Charleston Wayside Home, and from John L.
Girardeau, Chaplain of the Twenty-third Regiment, S. C. V. Mr.
Gibbes had received $151.50, proceeds of tableaux by some young
ladies in Aiken.

Mercury, December i6, 1863.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston begs for carpets
and cushions of churches down town now deserted on account of the
shelling. The depository of the Association is, for the same reason,
moved to the Charleston Orphan House.

Up-town churches, through the papers, oflfer hospitality to the
ministers and congregations of the churches down-town within range
of the shelling.

Mercury, December 17, 1863.

J. E. Collins, Steward of the General Hospital at S'ummerville,
acknowledges the receipt of thirty-six chickens from ladies of that
place.

Mercury, December 30, 1863,

Mrs. Daniel Lesesne sends her pew cushions and carpet to be used
for soldiers' beds and blankets.

'Woman's '^VorK in Lancaster District, 186I-05>

Written by Mrs. J. H. Foster, Lancaster, S. C.

Selections from Lancaster Newspapers of the Day.
From the Columbia South Carolinian.

At a meeting of ladies of Columbia, S. C, held on the 5th of July,
1 86 1, at the Washington Street Methodis'- lecture room, for the
purpose of collecting and forwarding supplit ; for the relief of sick
soldiers at the hospitals in Virginia, two of which they are aiding
(one at Culpepper C. H., another at Yorktown), it was resolved
that a card should be published, to make known to all parts of the
State the great want that is felt at these hospitals, and to call upon
all who may feel willing to contribute to their relief to do so, in such
ways as may be most convenient for themselves. It is desirable to
send on relief as soon as possible, and any articles needed in a sick
room, such as arrowroot, barley, rice, tapioca, gelatine, farina or
corn starch, flaxseed, wines (especially port and blackberry), cor-
dials, jellies, clothing (especially underclothing), bedding, as sheets.

22 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

pillow cases, blankets, old linen, and donations of money, if for-
warded to Mrs. John Bryce at her residence on Blanding street,
Columbia, will be sent on with the contributions from Columbia.

Editors of papers throughout the State desirous of ministering to
the relief of the sick soldiers are requested to publish the preceding.

From the Lancaster Ledger,

July, 1861 — "It has been officially announced that the hospitals in
Virginia were in need of many articles which the labor of the ladies
might supply. In several of our neighboring towns and cities
societies for this purpose have been organized, and we are gratified
in being able to announce that the ladies of Lancasterville are not
behind those of other sections in their labor of love and patriotism.
It has been proposed (and the proposition will probably be adopted),
to unite the two sewing societies, gotten up in interest of their respec-
tive churches — the Presbyterian and Methodist — into a union society
for the object above indicated, using the funds on hand for the
same cause. This is a commendable move in which ladies from
every part of this District will doubtless like to participate. There
is work for all, and a concentration of purpose would best accom-
plish their purpose."

The Methodist Church Society, whose President was Mrs. Wash-
ington M. Conners, and the Presbyterian Society, whose President
was Mrs. Martin P. Crawford, uniting under very pleasant auspices,
formed a union under the name of the Hospital Society, Mrs. M. P.
Crawford being elected President, and Mrs. W. M. Conners, Vice-
President.

These ladies would state for the information of those who have
aided in the cause that the following shipments of goods has been
made: Eighty-seven white shirts, twenty-five pairs of socks, one
hundred and thirty-nine towels, seventy-two pairs of socks, four
dozen handkerchiefs, eighty sheets.

The following contributions of money and garments were sent to
Virginia to the Blair Guards, the money being expended in the pur-
chase of flannel, linsey, homespun, socks, handkerchiefs, etc. This
material has been made into garments by the ladies and forwarded
to said company in care of Lieut. C. C. Welsh :

Mrs. Joseph Kennington, $2.00; Mrs. J. R. Welsh, $5.00; Mrs.
J. C. Blakeney, $2.00; Mrs. John Clyburn, $5.00; Mrs. John Mas-
sey, Sr., $5.00; Glass Caston, $5.00; A. R. Moore, $5.00; Miss Q. E.
Horton, $2.00; Miss A. C. Robertson, $5.00; Miss E. A. Welsh,

Work in Lancaster District 23

$5.00; Wm. Mungo, $2.00; T. T. Gregory, $2.00; Michael Horton,
$4.00; Mrs. Burrell Love, $2.00; Mrs. S. F. Clybum, $200 and two
pair socks; Miss Jincey Blackmon, four pair gloves; Miss E. A.
Sarah Blackmon, six pair socks, ten linsey shirts, one pair pants and
five pair of gloves; Mrs. A. R. Moore, four pair socks; Mrs. D.
Bowers, two pair socks ; Mrs. John Gardner, Miss Isabelle Gardner,
Miss Henrietta Gardner, five linsey shirts, one pair pants, and three
pair socks; Miss Jincey Blackmon, four pair gloves; Miss E. A.
Ferguson, six pair socks, three pair drawers ; Mrs. Labon Ferguson,
four pair socks; Miss Melinda Adams, one pair socks, one pair
gloves; Mrs. John Cunningham, one vest; Jane (slave of Mrs. Wil-
liams), three pair socks. E.A.Welsh.

"Mr. Editor: Please acknowledge the following donations for
the Montgomery White Sulphur Springs Hospital, received by Mrs.
E. McKenna, and Mrs. F. K. Brummett :

"Mrs. E. McKenna, $25.00; Mrs. M. Quigley, $10.00; Miss C.
Quigley, $10.00; Miss M. A. Quigley, $5.00; Miss Maggie Quigley,
$5.00; Mr. F. K. Brummett, $5.00; Mrs. F. K. Brummett, $5.00;
Mrs. B. J. McLarnon, $5.00; Felix McLardon, $5.00; Mrs. Felix
McLarnon, $3.00; Mrs. M. P. Crawford, $5.00; Mrs. H. Legrix,
$2.00; Miss R. C. Legrix, $1.00; Major Minor Clinton, $5.00; Mrs.
Jones Crockett, $4.00; David Kirkpatrick, $2.00; Mrs. K. G. Bill-
ings, $2.00; Hasseltine & Massey, $10.00; Miss Mary B. Hammond,
$1.00; Mrs. Lark, $2.00; Mrs. Connor, $2.50; Mrs. Boffenshene,
$2.50; Mrs. William Settle, $5.00; Mrs. Corcoran, $1.00; Mrs. A. J.
Belden, $1.00; William McMuller, $1.00; Mrs. J. B. Consart, one
woolen comfort ; Mrs. W. M. Conners, one comfort, two pairs socks,
one peck of dried fruit; Mrs. J. B. Boyd, two pair socks; Mrs.
McLarnon, one pair socks ; Mrs. F. K. Brummett, one blanket, one
pair socks, one jar of jelly; Mrs. E. McKenna, three bottles catsup,
three bottles blackberry wine; Miss Betsey Cook, one bushel dried
fruit, one parcel of bandages; Master James McLarnon, $1.00;
Mrs. J. L. Deale, $5.00; Mrs. Chambers, $1.00; Mrs. Price, two
bottles blackberry wine; Mrs. J. C. Caldwell, two bottles blackberry-
wine, one of raspberry, one bottle honey, one lemon, two bottles
tomatoes; Mrs. R. E. Allison, $1.00; 160 pillow-cases, eighteen bed-
ticks, fifty spreads, nineteen pillow-ticks, two bolts of striped home-
spun, for screens, three reams of letter paper, envelopes, pens and
ink; three dozen wash basins, thirty-four bowls, tumblers, plates,
tea, coffee, corn starch (large box), soap, pins, matches, Testaments,

24 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

tracts, etc. ; one barrel of white sugar, one barrel of rice. Our
boxes were sent in charge of Lieut. J. Rives Wade as far as Rich-
mond, Va., an agent taking charge of them there will go on directly
to the South Carolina Hospital, at Charlottesville, Va."

From the Lancaster Ledger.

The tableaux promised by the ladies and gentlemen of Lancaster
came off September 6, 1861. Besides pantomime exhibitions, there
was a capital charade rendered by the ladies, and a variety of Ethio-
pian performances by the gentlemen, making altogether a very
interesting and entertaining amusement. There were about 200
persons in attendance. The proceeds of this entertainment go for
the benefit of "The Lancaster Greys." Another entertainment will
soon be given for the benefit of "The Lancaster Invincibles."

Mr. John Ross, of Pleasant Plains neighborhood, has sent fourteen
heavy blankets, and forty pairs of woolen socks for the "Invincibles."
Mrs. Ann D. Tipton has been instrumental in urging the importance
and necessity of donations of every kind for Lancaster soldiers. She
calls for contributions of flannel shirts, drawers, woolen socks, and
blankets for "The Invincibles" to protect them from the cold of fast-
approaching winter. Many of the soldiers are greatly in need of
warm clothing.

Mrs. Tipton was successful in getting many contributions by Sep-
tember 25th, and states "that she has been assisted by Mrs. A. J.
Dunlap, Mrs. Jones Crockett, and Mrs. J. T. K. Belk in cutting them
out. Flannel is very scarce and badly needed." '

From the Lancaster Ledger.

October 6, 1861. "The young misses of the village will give an
interesting entertainment at the Court House for the benefit of the
soldiers. Price of admittance 25 cents.

"The object is a most worthy one and will, we trust, meet with the
approbation of our citizens generally. Surely the little girls deserve
credit for this manifest sympathy toward our volunteers, and we feel
satisfied that their exertions to contribute to their relief and comfort
will be fully appreciated by every one.

"Having in my care $40.50, which is a surplus of the money raised
for the purchase of the banner presented to the 'Lancaster Invin-
cibles' by the ladies of the District, and with the consent of several
of the donors, I have expended it in the following manner, viz.:
Eighteen flannel shirts, sixteen pocl<et handkerchiefs, fifteen pairs of
socks, eight pairs of suspenders, one scarf, and four blankets.

Work in Lancaster District 25

"I have received a package of twelve garments from Miss Mary
Barnes, also one from Miss Agnes Wade, which contained nine. I
have forwarded all of the above named articles to the 'Invincibles.'

"Mary A. Perry."

The ladies of Pleasant Valley and its vicinity met at Pleasant
Valley Church October 5, 1861, and organized an Aid and Relief
Society. By request, Mrs. John Ross was chairman, and calling the
meeting to order the following persons were by general consent ap-
pointed ofificers: Mrs. John Ross, President; Miss R. W. Miller,
Vice-President; Miss M. W. Ross, Secretary; Mrs. W. T. Miller,
Treasurer.

A constitution was drawn up and resolutions passed to show their
object was patriotic, and all efforts directed for the aid of the soldiers.
They agreed to weave, spin, sew, knit, or assist in any way in furnish-
ing things necessary for their comfort and protection from the
weather, and call for aid from all who can assist them.

The ladies of the vicinity of Wild Cat met at Spring Hill Church,
and organized a Hospital Society for furnishing the soldiers with
such things as were needed. Miss Manerva Robertson, President ;
Miss Rachel Robertson, Vice-President ; Mrs. Elizabeth D. Funder-
burk, Secretary. A great many enrolled their names, and the Society
was called "Wild Cat Ladies' Benevolent Society." They began
work at once.

A list of garments and names of contributors from members of
"Union Church Soldiers' Aid Society" for the Lancaster Invincibles,
were sent in care of Capt. Amos McManus :

Mrs. S. T. Small, one shirt, one pair drawers, two pairs of socks,
one and one-half pounds wool ; Mrs. Landy Johnson, two shirts, one
pair drawers, one pair pants, two pairs of socks; Mrs. John Porter,
one shirt, one pair of drawers ; Mrs. Allen Small, the weaving of
twenty-eight yards of cloth, one shirt ; Mrs. William Belk, two pair
drawers, one shirt; Mrs. Chapman Small, four pair drawers, two
pair socks ; Mrs. Joshua C. Small, one shirt, one pair pants, one pair
drawers, one and one-half pounds wool; Mrs. Burnice Humphries,
one pair drawers; Miss Elizabeth Small, four pair gloves; Mrs.
Aaron Adams, one shirt, one pair drawers; Mrs. Robert Belk, one
pair drawers ; Mrs. Harriett C. Hilton, two pair socks ; Miss Emily
Small, one pair socks ; Miss Emily Small, Jr., one pair socks ; Miss
Sarah Small, one pair socks; Miss Eleanor Small, one pair socks;
Miss Jane Cauthen, three pair socks ; Mrs. William Knight, one pair

26 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

socks ; Miss Eleanor Stogner, two pair socks, three pair gloves ; Miss
Mary Ann Small, two pair socks, four pair gloves ; Miss Martha Jane
Johnson, one pair socks ; Miss Jane Johnson, one pair socks ; Miss
Mary Crowder, one pair socks.

The Ladies' Aid Society of Lancasterville gratefully acknowledge
the receipt of $28.00 as a donation from the little girls of the village,
the proceeds of their juvenile tableaux. Such an instance of devo-
tion to our cause in our little ones is touching and beautiful. It is
strikingly illustrative of the spirit that animates our whole people.

We thank you, little friends, and our brave men will thank you
May you in riper years enjoy in perfect peace that liberty, that
freedom from oppression, for which our country now contends, and
for which we are willing to pledge our lives, our fortunes, and our
sacred honor. Mrs. M. P. Crawford,

President S. A. Society.

Lancasterville, Dec. 10, 1861.

The officers and privates of the "Lancaster Tigers," Captain
Caskey's Company, lately mustered into service of the country, would
avail themselves of the medium of the Lancaster Ledger to express
their high appreciation, and sense of gratitude for favors conferred
by fair donors and kind friends. It is with grateful feelings we
acknowledge the receipt of fifty-seven pairs of wool socks from
"High Point Ladies' Aid Society" ; fifteen pairs of wool socks and
four pair wool pants from "Shiloh Ladies' Aid Society''; seven
blankets from Dr. T. R. Cureton; two blankets from Mr. Jones
Crockett ; two blankets from W. M. Conners, Esq. ; three blankets
from Geo. McC. Witherspoon.

The duties of a soldier are hard and laborious to perform, but a
grateful country, and grateful countrymen such as we have, can
obviate many of the difficulties and lop off much of the asperity.

By order of the Captain. H. J. Hancock, Lieut.

Dec. 14, ,1861.

The following donations for Montgomery White Sulphur Springs
Hospital, received by Miss Fanny Witherspoon :

Mrs. Dr. R. L. Crawford, $5.00; Mrs. Dr. R. S. McDow, $25.00
and twenty-five pair socks ; Mrs. S. M. Beaty, one comfort and one
package of red pepper ; Mrs. Ezekiel Hammond, one bundle of sage,
one package of red pepper, and one pair of socks.

Work in Lancaster District 27

One large goods-box full of clothing, shirts, socks, blankets, sent
to "The Lancaster Hornets" from Mrs. Tirzah P. Brown, of Lancas-
ter County, S. C.

A list of donations received for "The Invincibles" : Mr. John
Ross, fourteen blankets, forty pair socks ; Mrs. E. R. Cureton, articles
sent to value of $6.50; Mrs. Jones Crockett, three woolen shirts,
six pair socks; Mrs. A. J. Dunlap, twelve yards linsey, two pair
socks; F. M. Welsh, $2.00; J. L. Deale, $2.00; J. E. ColHer, $2.00;
William Garsides, $2.00; Mrs. J. A. Hasseltine, $3.00; Wm. A.
Moore, $5.00; Mrs. Mary Massey, $5.00; J. B. Boyd, $5.00; Capt.
J. Mcllwain, $5.00; John M. Beaty, $5.00; A. Hales, $5.00; Mrs.
M. A. AUison, $5.00; Mrs. M. E. Green, $5.00; J. E. Cureton, $5.00;
Mrs. R. A. Strait, two pair drawers, one pair socks; Capt. James
Ingram, one dozen pair socks ; Mrs. C. P. Belk, three pair drawers,
two pair socks ; Miss S. E. Williams, three pair socks ; Miss Mattie

Woods, two pair socks; Orin Hinson, $1.00; Mrs. ,

$15.00; Bingham Blackmon, $1.00; Mrs. Kirkpatrick, three pair
socks; Mrs. M. L. Bailey, Miss Jane Hunter, Miss Mary Bailey,
Miss Harriet McMurray, Miss Nancy McMurray, ten pair drawers ;
Miss Sarah Belk, Miss Hannah Belk, Miss Mary Belk, four pair
pants, four pair drawers, two pair socks, and one pair gloves ; Miss
Henrietta Haile, one pair pants ; Miss Rhoda Adams, two pair socks,
one pair gloves; Miss Melinda Adams, two pair socks, one vest;
Mrs. James Mcllwain and Miss Jane Webb, one dozen shirts ; Mrs.
A. Cauthen, nine pair socks ; Mrs. Beckham, five pair socks ; Misses

Sallie and Molsey Donton, thirteen garments made; Mrs.

made twelve garments ; Mrs. Mackey, six pairs socks ; Mrs. Dunlap
made three garments ; Mrs. Jones Crockett made six garments ;
Mrs. C. P. Belk made four garments ; Mrs. Cureton made three
garments ; Mrs. Hough made seven garments ; Mrs. Caston made
three garments ; Mrs. Price made four garments ; Mrs. Lafayette Belk
made four garments ; Mrs. Mittag made two garments ; Mrs. Con-
ners made seven garments; Mrs. Haile made two garments; Mrs.
Cauthen made two garments — all sent in care of Lieut. Andrew M.
Perry.

Articles forwarded — Sixteen blankets, one hundred and ten pair
socks, twenty-five pair cotton-flannel drawers, twenty-six pair woolen
and flannel drawers, five pair pants, twenty-eight linsey shirts,
sixteen colored cotton shirts, twenty-three flannel shirts, two pair
gloves, one vest.

28 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Also private packages from Rev. W. F. Brasington, Bingham
Blackmon, Oron Hinson, Mrs. Ellis, Mrs. Reeves, Mrs. Twitty, Miss
Craig, Mr. Kennington. Mrs. Ann D. Tipton.

The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Lancaster acknowledges the
receipt of $54.55, proceeds of a lecture delivered in our village on
the 25th ult. by Dr. Charles Taylor. The Society would respectfully
return their sincere thanks to Dr. Taylor for this act of kindness,
by which a large audience was highly entertained and instructed, and
the society aided to a very considerable degree in carrying on the
good work in which we are engaged.

By vote, $20.00 of this was applied to the Wayside Hospital,
recently established by the ladies of Camden in that place for the
benefit of the sick and wounded returning from camp, etc.

"In camp near Fredericksburg,

"January 4, 1863.
"Mr. Editor : Allow me, through the columns of your excellent
journal, the privilege of acknowledging the receipt of a box of
clothing, presented to this Company (Capt. N. B. Vanlandingham's
Company "I" of Twelfth Regiment, S. C. V.), by the ladies of the
Shiloh S, A. Society, consisting of five blankets, two quilts, six pair
linsey pants, twenty-one pair cotton pants, four pair drawers, eleven
cotton shirts, one pair gloves, sixty pair wool socks, and three
scarfs, for which 1, for and in behalf of the Company, do hereby
tender my heartfelt thanks and gratitude, and pray that our efforts
to maintain our liberty may be as untiring as that of the fair donors
who contribute for our comfort.
"Respectfully,

"J. S. Williamson, Lieut. Commanding."

"Mr. Editor: Please publish the following sums paid at New
Hope for army missions :

"A. D. Hilliard, $10.00; Dr. H. V. Massey, $5.00; Mrs. Mary Van-
landingham, $1.50; John Vanlandingham, $10.00; K. Bailey, $5.00;
Thomas Croxton, $5.00; M. Crenshaw, $5.00; Capt. N. B. Vanland-
ingham, $5.00; Mrs. Amelia Clanton, $5.00; Mrs. Blackmon, 50c;
Miss M. Blackmon, 2Sc ; Mrs. A. Going, 50c ; Mrs. Mary Stover,
$3.00; Mrs. A. Perry, 50c; Mrs. M. Cauthen, $1.00; Miss F. Barker,
50c; Mrs. M. Perry, 50c; Mrs. D. Crenshaw, $2.00; Mrs. C. Clifton,
$1.00; Mrs. M. Stewart, $5.00; Miss E. Gladden, $1.00; Miss J. Car-
lisle, 50c; Mrs. M. C. Massey, 75c; Miss Simmons, $1.00; Miss

Work in Lancaster District 29

S. Dixon, $1.00; Miss M. Clark, $1.00; Miss A. Baker, $1.00; Miss
J. J. Carlisle, Capt. J. D. Mcllwain, $5.00; Andrew Mcllwain, $5.00;
several friends, $39.65. "A. L. Stough,

"General Army Missionary.
"I would also acknowledge the receipt of $54.00, the proceeds of
a collection taken -up in the Methodist Church at Lancaster C. H.,
November 3, 1863."

The ladies of the village met at the Presbyterian Church to devise
some plan for sending religious reading to our soldiers. In response
to this call they organized themselves in an extemporary society,
electing Mrs. Washington M. Conners, Treasurer; Mrs. M. N. Craw-
ford, Secretary ; Mrs. M. P. Crawford, President, and the following
donations were received: Mrs. S. B. Massey, $5.00; Mrs. J. T. K.
Belk, $10.00; Mrs. M. N. Crawford, $10.00; Mrs. M. P. Crawford,
$15.00; Mrs. J. M. Beaty, $5.00; Mrs. William Moore, $10.00; Mrs.
J. D. Wylie, $5.00; Mrs. W. M. Conners, $2.00; Misses J. and M.
Stevens, $5.00; Miss Harrie Price, $2.00; Miss R. Stowman, $2.00;
Miss E. M. Bailey, $1.00.

Through the Committee on Contributions: Mrs. Allison, $5.00;
Mrs. Jones Crockett, $10.00; Mrs. Witherspoon, $5.00; Mrs. Dun-
lap, $5.00; Dr. S. L. Strait, $10.00; P. T. Hammond, $5.00; Dr. T. K.
Cureton, $20.00; Dr. R. E. Wylie, $20.00; Mr. James Thompson,
$5.00; Mr. H. H. Duncan, $500; Dr. Thos. F. McDow, $5.00; Dr.
Robt. S. McDow, $5.00.

Fifty-six dollars was given to the Confederate Bible Society ; the
same to the South Carolina Tract Society, to be expended for the
benefit of the soldiers ; $40.00 to the editor of the Southern Presby-
terian, and $20.00 to the Christian Advocate. Bibles, tracts, and
Presbyterians were sent to Rev. J. N. Craig for distribution, and the
Advocates to Mr. D. J. Carter for distribution in the Lancaster
"Hornets," Co. I, Twelfth S. C. Regiment.

Mrs. M. p. Crawford, President.

Mrs. D. W. Brown sent large goods-boxes of provisions and
clothing, at various times, to Morris Island, to the Lancaster Greys,
to Pocotaligo, to the Catawba Rangers, and to Virginia. She was a
beautiful knitter and spent all of her spare moments in knitting socks,
scarfs, and helmets. Weaving and making all kinds of garments was
carried on extensively in her household, for she had many capable
house servants. Often these articles were given to needy soldiers.

30 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

and their families were frequently provided for from her purse with-
out any knowledge of it being published. In the same manner were
contributions given by Mrs. P. T. Brown, Miss Mary T. Barnes,
Miss Agnes Wade, the Gooches, Dunlaps, Greens, and numberless
patriotic women of Lancaster District.

Entertainments of tableaux, charades, proverbs and concerts were
invariably superintended by Mrs. Robt. L. Crawford, whose genius
in that line was like an inspiration to the youthful participants of the
village — to the Court House night after night, with black mammy
and the children following, until practice perfected, and her enter-
tainments were ready for exhibition, often clearing $ioo and $200
per night, for during the war everybody patronized them.

E^'adies' A.id Society of A.bbeviIIe District, S. C,
ScotcK Cross Communits', 1802-65>

Extracts from a paper by Z. B. C. Fleming, Greenwood, S. C.

Scotch Cross, the home of Mrs. S. W. P. Creswell, stands just
at the crossing of the roads, one leading from Columbia, S. C, across
Saluda River to the Savannah River, and the other from Greenville,
S. C, to Augusta, Ga. In ye olden times these roads were the lead-
ing thoroughfares of the country to markets. This home has stood
for nearly a century and is still in possession of Mrs. Creswell's
family. It is only two miles from New Market, S. C, and was noted
for its hospitality. Here many a weary soldier was fed and rested.
Colonel Ferguson's command was stationed nearby at Ninety-Six,
S. C. It had as guests one night Colonel Blue, Major Greene, Cap-
tain White, Messrs. Black and Red. Many a wounded soldier was
sent home in Mrs. Creswell's carriage, and as she watched them
being lifted in she would call to her coachman, saying, "Now, Jim,
don't put him out until you safely reach his home." General
Wheeler's Cavalry made daily calls for onions, provisions, and butter-
milk. An acre of onions by the roadside seemed to whet their appe-
tites, and often did I hear this request, "Lady, won't you give us a
bunch of onions ?" Not an onion was left in the patch. She gladly
filled their haversacks and canteens with her own hands. The
soldiers would say, "God bless you, madame! for I was athirst and
ye gave me drink, hungry and ye fed me, naked and ye gave me
clothing."

MBS. ROBERT WAKDLAWj ABBEVILLE.

Work in Abbeville District 31

The first meeting of this branch of the Abbeville Aid Society was
held at old Mt. Moriah Church. This Soldiers' Aid Society was
composed of ladies from the surrounding neighborhood for ten
square miles, including the families of Brooks, Barratt, Creswell,
Ferryman, Marshall, Jordan, Lipscomb, Anderson, Wardlaw, Part-
low, Simmons, Griffin, Reynolds, Chatham and McKellar. Mrs.
S. E. P. Perryman was made Corresponding Secretary of the Aid
Society. She was the wife of Gen. William Watson Perryman, who
commanded Secession Guards, Company F, Second South Carolina
Regiment, Kershaw's Brigade.

New Market, S. C, on the Greenville and Columbia Railroad, was
the home of Gen. and Mrs. Perryman, and it was tO' his store that
all contributions for the soldiers by the Society were sent, to be
packed and shipped to Virginia. Mrs. Perryman was sent by the
Aid Society to the factories to buy and beg bolts of cloth and bales
of factory thread. Her cousins, Lester Brothers, gave most liberally
to the Society, both bolts of cloth and bales of thread. From Green-
ville, S. C, she would take a hack and drive twelve miles out to the
three factories, from which she purchased twenty-five hundred dol-
lars worth of thread and cloth. This she had sent to her New Market
home for distribution among the congregations of the churches of
Ninety-Six, Mt. Lebanon, Rehoboth, Tranquil, Mt. Moriah, to be
made by the ladies into clothing for the soldiers then fighting for
their homes.

Among those who wove and dyed cloth for the Aid Society were
Mesdames Malone, Blythe, Burrel, Benson, and Miss Ellen Waites.

Mrs. Elizabeth Waller Wardlaw had a house girl only twelve years
old who knit a sock per day. Her mistress furnished all the thread
for her.

Mrs. M. J. Richardson, now of Texas, then Miss Mary Jane Part-
low, gave her services to her country as postmistress at New Market,
because only the few old men too decrepit for active service were
left at home. She not only kept the office, but spun thread and knit
a sock per day.

Mrs. Agnes Griffin Reynolds, of the Mt. Moriah Committee, would
collect and deliver at New Market her share of clothing.

Mrs. Martha Rykard, of Tranquil Church, deserves much praise,
as she bore from her neighborhood thread and cloth piled up so high
in her buggy she could scarcely see how to drive her horse to New
Market. Here a committee composed of Mesdames H. H. Creswell,
Perryman, Wardlaw and Simmons examined all clothing contributed.

32 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

finished off pockets, buttonholes and buttons, assorted socks and
scarfs.

Mrs. Ferryman sent in the beginning to the Army headquarters
for three measures of pants, drawers, and shirts, in order to have
something to fit the average man. Being impossible to buy buttons,
Mrs. H. H. Creswell suggested that they be made from horns and
gourds, and for coats, three piles of pasteboard cut with a gunwad.
These they covered with cloth and sewed on coats. For shirt buttons
she and Mrs. Simmons wound thread around lead pencils, thus man-
ufacturing their own buttons. When cutting out the cloth, Mrs.
Creswell would say, "Remember when you all get through cutting
out save the big scraps, so my boy can get a coat, drawers, and shirt."
This boy was an orphan, who had no home, but had volunteered as
a private in Gen. W. W. Ferryman's company.

Boxes were brought up from Gen. W. W. Ferryman's store cellar,
and into these the contributed clothes and bedding were packed and
shipped to Virginia. In addition to the boxes for their own men,
this Aid Society sent every three months a box for the men of the
Trans-Mississippi Department, then in Virginia. The Mississippi
River being blockaded, these men could get nothing from their own
homes.

Mrs. H. H. Creswell gave her time and money for the cause. She
knit, warped the thread, had it woven into cloth, which she made into
clothes for the dear boys, and when her wool for blankets was con-
sumed she tore up her carpets, converted them into covering for the
needy soldiers. Mrs. Creswell employed teachers for her children.
Being centrally located, she and Capt. Creswell yielded to the plead-
ing of their neighbors and allowed them to send their children to her
private teacher. A schoolhouse was erected just beyond her flower
garden and called "Scotch Cross Academy," which was a flourishing
school. These pupils caught the spirit of patriotism from their
parents, and spent the hours during recess knitting socks and sus-
penders for the soldiers. Not only did this Aid Society make
clothes, etc., for Confederate soldiers, but conceived the idea of feed-
ing every one who passed through New Market. A table fifty feet
long was spread beneath the cool shade of wide-spreading oaks near
the depot in balmy weather. On inclement days the counters in New
Market store were used as tables. Through the kindness of railroad
officials the trains were allowed time for the soldiers to enjoy these
dinners and take what was left for future meals.

Experiences of One Woman 33

Toward the close of 1864, the supply of coffee and sugar ran short,
but these ladies were equal to the emergency and made coffee from
parched wheat and sweet potatoes. This they sweetened with sugar
made from sorghum. Mr. J. Y. L. Partlow and Capt. Creswell
furnished this sugar freely to sweeten pies and cakes, as many as
seventy-five cakes and pies at a time. They were skilled in the art
of sugar making. On that table was always something to tempt the
appetite of a sick or wounded soldier who chanced to pass that way.

Mrs. W. W. Ferryman had a lounge with rollers, which she had to
meet trains for the sick, lame, or wounded soldiers to rest upon, and
be rolled carefully to her house to wait until their family were
informed of their arrival. Many times did Mesdames Ferryman,
Creswell and Wardlaw furnish horses and carriages to take soldiers
to their homes from the train. Mrs. Creswell would carry to New
Market medicines, lint and rolls of bandages, so that if any wounded
soldiers were on the train he could have his wounds properly attended
to, and the sick receive attention. This community was made up of
wealthy planters, and was out of the pathway of the brutal, invading
army. The only Yankee seen in this neighborhood during the war
was one who had escaped from prison. He wandered to the planta-
tion of Mr. Stanmore Brooks, where, he was found hiding in a
fence corner by the negroes, who quickly reported it to "Massa."
Mr. Brooks had the Yank brought into his house, and dispatched
messengers to summon Captain Creswell and other members of the
militia, who stood guard until morning, when they returned the
prisoner to Columbia, S. C. When the housemaid saw the Yankee,
she exclaimed, "La, Mistis, dat Yankee ain't nothing but a man."

Extracts From a Paper "Experiences of One
VToman,"

By a Member of R.ocK Hill Chapter U. D. C.

Written by a grand-daughter of Mrs. Ware.

"Mary Fairis was the grand-daughter of a Capt. Robert Fairis,
a Revolutionary soldier. * * *

"While in her teens she married John O'Neal, who died very soon,
leaving her with one infant son, John F. O'Neal. Two years after
she married William Ware. In 1855 she was again left a widow
with a family of eleven children. * * *

"She was just beginning to accustom herself to the management of
her own affairs, with the aid of her sons, when the War Between

34 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the States was proclaimed. * * * Trials came fast and multi-
plied. * * * Her three elder sons, John O'Neal, Thomas Ware,
and William Ware, became soldiers of the Confederacy, joined dif-
ferent companies and were consequently widely separated. The
other two sons, James and George Ware, were in the same com-
mand. Imagine, if you can, the awful moments of suspense and
anxiety at home ! Her eldest son, John, was very sick in a hospital
at Summerville ; two of the others, she knew not where, and James
and George, both under twenty-one, were in Virginia, exposed to all
the dangers of war.

"The mother, with her faithful daughters and servants, managed
her farm, and carded, spun, and wove both cotton and woolen cloth
at home. * * * Many articles deemed indispensable that could
not be bought for any amount of money, they learned to make sub-
stitutes for. * * * The hands of this busy mother were never
idle although her heart was heavy with terrible anxiety, for now her
youngest son,- not yet sixteen, had gone to the army to join his
brothers. Brave boy that he was, he knew not of the trials and suf-
fering he must endure, and his mother would never have known
by a word of complaint from him of the homesick tears he shed when
found on the roadside by his half-brother, John O'Neal. He was
hungry to desperation, footsore and weary from the long march, and
had dropped from utter exhaustion. * * * His brother gave
him money to buy food, put him on his horse, went with him as far
ds he could, and left him more cheerful, if not much refreshed.

"This boy, Frank Ware, had some thrilling experiences and was
brave and plucky to the end. When the war was over he returned to
his mother to comfort her, for her son, James, had been killed in
battle. Who can tell the anguish of that poor mother at home!
When Uncle Abe, her trusted servant, brought the message from
Rock Hill, where the neighbors always congregated to hear the news
from the war, he told her that her boy, James, had been killed, and
her other boy, George, was seriously wounded! * * * jf- gjjg
could only get to him she would be willing to walk to Virginia to
minister to her wounded boy before he closed his eyes in death. But
that comfort was denied her. She never saw either of her two sons
again. * * *"

Paper by Mrs. William Jeffries 35

Extracts From a Paper by E. A. A., of Greenivoodt S. C.

"Although this section was not in the fighting district, it was, as it
is today, quite a highway of travel. Many soldiers daily passed up
and down the Columbia and Greenville Railroad. Some going home
on furlough— others going back to join their commands — all of them
hungry! * * *

"Here, as everywhere, the hearts and hands of mothers, wives,
daughters and sweethearts were ready to serve our soldiers, doing
it with the prayer that somewhere some one would serve their loved
one. * * *

"It was suggested to the ladies that they organize a Ladies' Aid
Society for the benefit of passing soldiers. With the aid of Mr. T. C.
Lipscomb, this society was organized at Abbeville C. H. during the
year '64. Mrs. Simmons, a very intelligent and managing woman,
was President, and her daughters, Mrs. Elmore and Mrs. McNeil,
were prominent in their services, as were Mrs. Thomas Chatham,
Mrs. S. B. Brooks, Mrs. W. B. Brooks, Mrs. L. Reynolds, Mrs.
T. C. Lipscomb, Mrs. Griffin, Mrs. Partlow, Mrs. H. Creswell, Mrs.
James Creswell, Mrs. Coleman, Mrs. Calhoun, Mrs. Waller, Mrs.
Byrd, Mrs. Merriman, Mrs. Childs, and many others.

"Among other things done to help the soldiers, they furnished din-
ners every day at the railroad station, taking it week about from
place to place. In the town of Greenwood a table was set every day
in front of the old Bailey & Barksdale building, giving dinner to from
twenty-five to fifty soldiers. And for those not able to get to the
table, baskets were sent on the trains, biscuits and chicken handed
in to all, and even thrown up to those on top of the cars. Thus many
hungry soldiers were fed."

Extracts From a Paper bar Mrs. IVilliam Jeffries, of CheroKee

Cotiixty, S. C, a >f ember of John Haines Chapter,

Jonesville, S. C<

"I remember the first call for volunteers to go to Charleston to
defend their State. Nearly all the young men and some of the older
ones of this section, then Union District, volunteered and went.
Some thought it would be only a frolic, but alas! * * * We
women and children, with the colored people, who behaved well,
were left to care for the farms, to make something to live on.

"We made clothing, as much as we could, for our soldiers and our-
selves — filled boxes with food and clothes and sent them to the
soldiers.

36 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"We had to spin, weave, and make all our cloth, as we had no
direct communication with any foreign country.

"There was only one small cotton factory in this part of the coun-
try, then called Bivingsville, now Glendale. The late Mr. Converse
was president. The women from far and near would carry anything
we could spare, and many times denied ourselves in order to have
something to barter for a little cloth or thread.

"We could only get one bunch of thread at a time for money. We
could barter cotton or any eatables for a little cloth.

"Mr. Converse arranged so that the soldiers' wives received their
share, according to the number they had to provide for — ^had a cer-
tain day for sale day, usually Friday, and there would be large
crowds every time.

"The women were very kind to each other. If any of them received
a message or letter, the news was soon spread through the com-
munity. It was a time of great anxiety, communication was cut off
for a time, so that after a battle it would be a week or two before we
could get correct news, and then — oh, how sad for many of us !

''I live in the upper part of what was then Union District, now
Cherokee County. Only a few soldiers who went from this section
returned alive. Many died from sickness and many were killed in
battle. A great many were brought home to be buried."

extracts From a Paper by Mrs. T. C. .Alber^otti. of Orange-

burg, S. C.

"In Orangeburg, an Aid Society was organized early in 1861. Our
President was Mrs. S. W. A. Logan; Mrs. A. S. Salley was our
Vice-President, and Miss Clara Glover, Secretary and Treasurer.
Soon the Orangeburg Hospital Aid Society was launched upon a
career of usefulness that lasted until Sherman's Army destroyed by
fire the building used by the ladies as a storehouse. The workers
were scattered by the approach of the invading army and our Society
ceased to exist.

"The women had been organized into committees having special
lines of work to follow. One committee collected all old linen to be
used as bandages or scraped into lint. Another solicited contribu-
tions of nourishment suitable for the sick. Still another gathered
clothing for the sick and wounded. The children were taught to

Paper by Mrs. T. C. Albergotti 37

knit, and their little fingers took many stitches for the dear soldiers
who had marched away so brave and happy. Silk dresses were made
into banners and guidons and presented to various commands. Linen
closets were stripped of their contents and costly blankets unstint-
ingly given to the hospitals.

"As time passed and the supplies wore out, Southern women were
reduced to sore straits in order to clothe their households and to pro-
vide shoes and stockings in place of those long past the day of use-
fulness.

"Long disused spinning wheels and looms were brought out and
the negro women spun, dyed and wove the thread into cloth. There
were but few yarn mills in that day, and those few were taxed to the
utmost to supply yarn, which was put up in five-pound packages and
sold by agents, who made monthly visits to different towns. This
yarn was the warp, and homespun thread the filling to weave cloth.
'Old-time people' in the country were sought out and the secrets of
poplar bark, copperas and indigo dyes diligently studied. The ques-
tion of 'plaids, mingles, stripes' and 'hit or miss' was momentous to
weavers and wearers alike, and the dresses which were the result
were worn with as much pride as were the silks of other days.

"The older men of the plantation were taught shoe-making in a
crude way. Calf-skins were tanned soft and pliant, and 'missus'
and 'little missie' were measured, and in a day or two rough pairs
of shoes would be sent to the 'yard.' Knitting needles occupied an
important place. No woman ever sat idle. Whether walking, driv-
ing or sitting at home, the ever-busy needles flew in and out — even
tiny children's fingers learned to knit socks and gloves.

"Tea and coffee were memories only. Substitutes were used for
these and many other domestic necessities. Calico and 'store shoes'
were sold at fabulous prices. The writer, then a young girl, was
the possessor of a dress and a pair of shoes for which $1,000 was
paid — in Confederate money.

"Recalling the days when we never knew what the news would be
for us — some loved one killed in battle or dying far from home in
prison, or falling by the wayside from fatigue or sickness — we won-
der how we lived through them!"

38 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

THe Womeix of Vances.

Miss Ella MiUings, of Charleston Chapter.

The Vances of the Sixties was some miles from the present town
of that name. It was on the Santee River at Vances' Ferry, and,
though only a small community, gave valuable aid to the "lost cause,"
and deserves that its patriotic record should be preserved.

The men were prompt in obeying the first call to arms, from grey-
haired men to young lads, all gladly took up arms in defence of their
native State, leaving wives, mothers, sisters and sweethearts at home
unprotected. Then the courage of the women appeared, and they
vied with each other as to which could give more assistance to the
soldiers who had gone to the front. These women, accustomed to
use their hands only in dainty fancy work, now undertook hard and
laborious tasks. From '61 to '65 you could hear their voices as they
toiled from morning until night, spinning, weaving, sewing, knitting
socks, stockings and suspenders.

Cotton, rice, all kinds of household herbs, everything that could
be put to use was planted. They raised sheep, cattle and poultry.
Cotton and the wool from the sheep was spun, woven and made into
wearing apparel.

They became experts in the use of dyes made from different kinds
of bark, leaves and nuts, mixed with copperas to set the colors. The
hull from the green walnut dyes a beautiful brown. Red oak and
bay leaves were also valuable as dyes.

Rye, sweet potatoes, grist, peanuts and okra were substitutes for
coffee. Coffee, being one of the first commodities to become scarce,
could only be sparingly used. Sage and sassafras took the place of
tea. Sage tea was always considered a safe drink in cases of fever.
"Necessity is the mother of invention" ; thus a common field weed
was found to possess properties of value in the materia medica.
There was no doctor in this neighborhood, so in a truly Christian
spirit Mrs. Wm. Bell Avinger gave her services going about minister-
ing to the sick ; many a deed of kindness she performed, making no
distinction between servant and master ; all were treated alike by her.
Calvin Avinger died in Columbia, January 5, 1865, of a wound. She
was at his bedside to the last.

The only wine that could be obtained was home-made blackberry
wine, tomato cordial, sassafras beer, etc.

The Work in Spartanburg 39

Many were the means employed to obtain salt, which we all know
as one of the necessities of life. ' This soon became scarce, and so
high-priced as to be almost out of reach of those of moderate means ;
thus salt water was brought from Cainhoy, on the Wando River,
and boiled down until nothing but salt remained. Another device
for obtaining this most valuable commodity was to dig up the earth
from old smoke houses and boil that until all the salt was extracted.

Large boxes packed with clothing, bandages, hams, turkeys and
other edibles were constantly sent to the soldiers from Vances, the
women feeling no sacrifice too costly which could contribute to the
comfort of their loved ones in Virginia and on the coast of South
Carolina. Once a week Mrs. Morris would send a large demijohn
of sweet milk to the soldiers at Charleston. This demijohn was
eagerly looked for, and the contents shared as far as they would go.

After the war the old men and boys came home disheartened, not
only at the failure of the "cause," but also at the wreck of fortune
which awaited them. Like all others, it was not only during the
four years of the sixties that they had to struggle, but for many years
afterwards. The negroes being freed, in many cases the daughters
had to go into the fields and pick cotton, and other work which they
had never exi>ected to be reduced to doing.

Such is only a part of the misery caused by the terrible war be-
tween the States. After forty years we are beginning to recover
somewhat from our losses, but the women are proud of the part they
bore during the struggle, and are as loyal as ever to the "lost cause,"
for which they gladly sacrificed so much.

The ^Vomen of tKe Confederacy~iSpartanburs
Tovirn and District, 1801-65.

The iirst call to the ladies of Spartanburg to organize a Hospital
Aid Society was on August 9th, 1861, to meet at the Methodist
Church. A constitution was adopted as follows :

Art. I. This Society shall be known as the Soldiers' Aid and Relief
Association, and its members as the Sisters of the Confederacy.

Art. II. The objects of this Association shall be to provide gar-
ments, hospital stores and other comforts for our sick and wounded
soldiers, and secondly, to furnish underclothing, socks and other
articles needed by our soldiers in the field — these objects to be car-
ried out by voluntary contributions of money, material and labor.

40 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Art. III. This Association is formed for the war, and the member;,
pledge themselves to continue their labor of love as long as it is
needed by our army.

Art. IV. The subscriptions shall be twenty-five cents per quarter
and $i.oo per annum, payable in advance, but donations of any
amount in money, material or labor will be thankfully received, and
any contribution of money, material or labor shall constitute the
donor a member.

The constitution goes on to give the list of officers and to define
their duties.

The following ladies were elected officers of the Association :

President — Mrs. Jefferson Choice.

Vice-Presidents — Mrs. Prof. Duncan, Mrs. H. Bowie.

Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. H. J. Dean.

Recording Secretary — Miss Mary Wingo.

Treasurer — Miss Susan Foster.

Executive Committee — Mrs. Dr. Kennedy, Mrs. Whiteford Smith,
Mrs. Jos. Smith, Mrs. O. E. Edwards.

Managers — Mrs. J. D. Wright, Mrs. A. C. Smith, Mrs. Sarah
Butler, Mrs. Junius Thomson, Mrs. E. C. Taliaferro, Mrs. John E.
Bomar, Mrs. Joseph Elford, Mrs. Jno. Bomar, Mrs. Lionella Ken-
nedy, Mrs. Hugh Walker, Mrs. Joel Foster, Mrs. Alfred Tollison,
Mrs. Richard Carlisle, Mrs. Alex. Wingo, Miss Margaret Moore,
Miss Laura Foster, Miss Golding, Miss Sabra Walker, Miss Mary
Legge, Miss Hattie Choice, Miss Mary J. Walker, Mrs. Simpson
Bobo, Mrs. W. H. Trimmier, Mrs. Dr. Vernon, Mrs. J. M. Bost,
Mrs. Dr. Cleveland, Mrs. Gwinn Harris, Mrs. Jas. Flemming, Mrs.
G. W. H. Legge, Mrs. Geo. Smith, Mrs. Dr. Shipp, Mrs. Dr. Twitty,
Mrs. Jno. Archer, Mrs. DuPre, Mrs. Caston, Mrs. Buhtler, Mrs.
Eliza Bomar, Mrs. Jason Carson, Mrs. Govan Mills, Mrs. Moss, Mrs.
Webber, Mrs. Stacy.

A call was made for money and provisions of all kinds as well as
clothing.

In the Carolina Spartan, August 29, 1861, this letter is published:

"Charlottesville, Aug. nth, 1861.
"Miss M. A. Wingo:

"The very large donation of articles for the 5th Regt., S. C. Volun-
teers was opened by us this morning, and most of the articles applied
to the wants of many of the Regiment now in hospital here. Some
of the articles were so new and good that we have placed them in

The Work in Spartanburg 41

our new hospital, which we take possession of tomorrow. We send
a statement to Col. Jenkins next week in the field, and will have
occasion to mention your handsome donation. The articles more
needed now are flannel in any shape, drawers, socks, shirts and
undershirts, tinware, but no more blackberry wine need be sent.
"Yours, with grateful appreciation of your generous aid,

"RoBT. W. Barnwell."

The Association acknowledged contributions of materials from —
Mrs. Govan Mills, Mrs. Dr. Kennedy, Mrs. A. J. Daniels, Mrs.
Peter Smith, Mrs. J. A. Lee, Mrs. Dr. Russell, Mrs. H. H. Thomson,
Mrs. Jesse Cleveland, Mrs. Leverton, Mrs. Alfred Tolleson, Mrs.
Bost, Mrs. H. H. Mitchell, Mrs. Dr. Cleveland, Mrs. Joel Foster,
Mrs. J. M. Bost, Mrs. H. H. Mitchell, Mrs. Jno. Garrett, Mrs. Thos.
Tolleson, Mrs. L. Langford, Mrs. Wm. J. Tolleson, Mrs. Absalom
Walker, Mrs. Jno. E. Bomar, Miss Louisa Honkhouser.

Mrs. Jno. Bomar, thirteen pairs drawers and five pairs socks ;
Mrs. E. Rodgers, five pairs socks ; Mrs. Dr. Bivings, five pairs socks ;
Mrs. Tuck, five pairs socks ; Mrs. Converse, five pairs socks ; Mrs.
Dr. Kennedy, five pairs drawers ; Mrs. Sarah H. Ashby, five pairs
pillow cases, six towels; Mrs. John Maxwell, one bolt shirting; Mrs.
Jesse Qeveland, fifteen yards flannel.

Mrs. Alex. Wingo, Mrs. Dr. Cleveland and Mrs. H. H. Thomson
were appointed a committee to examine work.

Thanks given for blankets furnished three companies in Colonel
Edwards' Regiment, as follows : Mrs. Sarah Stevens, one ; Mrs.
Dr. Kennedy, one; Mrs. G. W. H. Legge, one; Mrs. Bowie, one;
Mrs. Russel, two; Mrs. Wm. Irwin, one; Mrs. Elisha Bomar, two;
Mrs. Dr. Cleveland, two; Mrs. Jefferson Choice, three; Mrs. W. H.
Trimmier, two; Mrs. Dr. Shipp, three; Mrs. Maybin, six; Mrs. H. J.
D'ean, two; Mrs. Edw. W. Parker, one; Mrs. Jesse Qeveland, two;
Mrs. Whiteford Smith, two; Mrs. A. H. Kirby, one; Louisa, one.
Mrs. Maybin to Captain Walker's Regiment: Two pairs blankets;
Mrs. Jno. A. Lee, four pairs shoes ; Mrs. J. T. Kirby, one bolt cloth ;
Miss Janie Poole, ten pairs stockings; Mrs. Jas. Wilson, one bolt
cloth; Mrs. Dr. Vernon, five pairs socks; Mrs. Miller, four pairs
socks; Mrs. Prof. Carlisle, one pair pillows and other acceptable
articles.

"From the Iron District Volunteers, September 6, 1861 :

"Thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the ladies of the

42 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Spartanburg Military Relief Society for the prompt, efficient aid
rendered this company.

"A. K. Smith.

"T. M. Trimmier, Sec."

''From the Forrest Rifles, September 14, 1861 :

"Resolved, That we thank the Soldiers' Aid and Relief Association
and also the ladies of the town of Spartanburg for their liberal dona-
tions of blankets, testaments, tracts, etc., which have contributed so
much to our comfort and welfare, and for the prompt manner in
which they have helped in making our uniforms.

"Resolved, That we will ever cherish the warmest feelings of grati-
tude towards the kind ones who have thus remembered us.

"D. R. Duncan, Chairman.
"A. W. Wilson, Secretary."

Contributions received : Miss Lizzie Morgan, two comforts, two
bed-ticks, two shirts, two pairs socks ; Miss Mary Wynne, one com-
fort, two pairs drawers, one towel, one shirt ; Miss Amanda Wynne,
one pair drawers; Mrs. W. West, two pairs socks; Mrs. Matthew
Moore, one counterpane; Mrs. Payton Ballinger, two shirts, two
towels; Mrs. Robt. Smith, one shirt; Miss Fannie Ballinger, one
shirt ; Mrs. O. E. Edwards, five pairs socks ; Miss Betsy Wright, one
pair socks; Mrs. Martin Miller, one pair pants, one pair drawers,
six pairs woolen socks, one bolt cloth ; Mrs. Henderson, three shirts,
two changes clothes ; Mrs. R. C. Springs, three pairs drawers ; Mrs.
H. P. Walker, twenty-three yards lindsey, four pairs socks; Mrs.
Houghton, two pairs socks ; Mrs. J. M. Elford, four pairs drawers,
three pairs socks.

At the regular weekly meeting of the Association on October i8th,
1 86 1, it was unanimously

"Resolved, That gentlemen contributing $10 or upwards in money
or materials shall be considered Honorary Members, and that the
names of Dr. Lafayette Twitty, Mr. D. C. Judd and Mr. Waddy
Thomson be so enrolled on the books."

Contributions received: Mrs. Geo. Smith, one pair pillows, one
blanket shawl ; Mrs. Joel Foster, two blankets ; Mrs. H. H. Thomson,
four pounds wool rolls; Mrs. Joseph Foster, one bunch yarn, two
bottles wine, one lot pickles and pepper ; Mrs. Bowie, articles for hos-
pital; Mrs. Folger, one bottle blackberry wine; Mrs. J. M. Bost
two comforts, one sheet, one pillow, one woolen counterpane ; Mrs.

The Work in Spartanburg 43

Maybin, one cotton mattress ; Miss Sue Foster, slippery elm ; Mrs. A.
Tollison, one counterpane, two pillows and cases ; Mrs. Weber, four
pairs socks ; Miss L. Holtzhouser, one pair socks ; Mrs. Dr. Vernon,
. five pairs' socks ; Mrs. J. T. Kirby, two bottles wine ; Mrs. J. H.
Wilson, one blanket ; Mrs. H. H. Thomson, two bottles sherry, two
pillows, crackers, etc. ; Mrs. J. B. Tollison, one blanket ; Mrs. Robt.
Tuck, $1.00; Miss Emily Tollison, two pairs socks; Mrs. Edward
Parker, three pairs gloves, one cap ; Mrs. John Bomar, five shirts ;
Mrs. J. P. Smith, four pairs socks; Miss Margaret Bomar, four
shirts ; Mrs. D. W. Moon, four pairs socks ; Miss Bettie Bomar, four
pairs drawers, two pairs socks; Mrs. Prof. Carlisle, two pillows,
blanc mange, etc., for hospital.

The sum of $108 was realized from a concert given in October,
1861, with Miss C. Legge, Miss F. Henry, Miss Sallie DuPre and
Miss Hattie Choice as the committee.

Given to Cherokee Guards, Captain Wofford: Twenty woolen
shirts, two flannel shirts, nineteen pairs drawers; to Captain A. K.
Smith's Company, Iron District Volunteers : six shirts, six pairs
woolen drawers; to Captain D. R. Duncan's Company: two linsey
shirts ; to Captain Joseph Walker's Company, Fifth Regiment : four
pairs yarn socks.

A box was despatched to Lightwood Knot containing fifteen pil-
low cases, eight cotton shirts, thirteen pairs drawers, three bed-ticks,
twenty sheets, ten comforts, one counterpane, ten pillows, sixty-five
pairs socks, one jar pickles, one jar peaches.

Early in the year 1862 the Society furnished a Wayside Hospital,
being indebted to Major T. Stobo Farrow for the use of his home for
this purpose. The following articles were contributed :

Mrs. W. J. Bowie, one bedstead and mattress ; Mrs. J. H. Carson,
one pair pillows, one comfort; Mrs. Alfred Tollison, one bedstead
and mattress, pillows and bedding, candles and candlestick; Mrs.
Lockwood, four shirts, four pillow cases, one comfort, pitcher, teapot
and andirons ; Mrs. Wm. Irwin, one bedstead, mattress and pillow ;
Miss Mary Kennedy, one comfort, one pillow; Mrs. Joseph Foster,
one bedstead, mattress and bed clothing; Mrs. Choice, $1.10 cash;
Mrs. H. P. Walker, two shirts, one pair socks ; Mrs. L. Henderson,
two shirts; Simpson Bobo, $5.00 cash; Mrs. Taliaferro, one pair
sheets ; Dr. Twitty, $5.00 cash, six towels, one pitcher, one set tea-
spoons, one set tablespoons, four towels ; Mrs. Whiteford Smith, one
comfort, one pair blankets, one load wood ; Mrs. Esther Wilson, one
comfort, bedstead, chair, $5.00 in provisions ; Mrs. Prof. Duncan,

44 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

four towels, two pillow slips and provisions; Mrs. David Duncan,
$i.oo cash; Mrs. Wm. Jones, one comfort, $2.50 cash; Mrs. Shipp,
one comfort, one pair sheets, one pair pillow slips ; Mrs. DuPre, one
pair pillows, two sheets, coffee and sugar; Mrs. T. Anderson, two
testaments ; Mrs. Caston, one comfort, one pair pillows and waiter ;
Mrs. Gillespie, four towels, one coffee pot ; Mrs. Prof. Carlisle, one
comfort, one washstand, ewer and basin, one pillow ; Mrs. J. L. Fry,
$5.00 cash; Mrs. Archer, one comfort, two sheets, cups and saucers;
Mrs. Maybin, six chairs, basin and pitcher, plates, table and water
bucket.

It was so arranged that two ladies took their turn for one week
at a time of serving and attending to the Hospital, assisted by two
gentlemen. The little Hospital was intended as a resting place for
the night for volunteers, sick or well, going from or returning to
camp. If not able to pay expenses of a hotel, they were cordially
invited to report to those in charge.

In January and February, 1862, the Society furnished the follow-
ing articles : To Captain Hendrix's Company : one woolen shirt, one
pair woolen drawers ; to members of Holcombe's Legion in different
companies : six shirts, four pairs drawers, two pairs pants, eleven
pairs pants ; to Captain Bishop's Company, Holcombe's Legion :
twenty shirts, nineteen pairs pants, eighteen pairs drawers, four
coats, twenty-one pairs socks.

The following acknowledgment was made in the Carolina Spartan
of March 6, 1862 :

"Mr. Editor : Allow me in behalf of this Regiment to acknowledge
the receipt of the following hospital stores from the young ladies of
the Spartanburg Female College, to wit : fifteen sheets, twelve pillow
cases, twelve comforts, twenty towels and five shirts. We are always
grateful for substantial aid like this, and that feeling of gratitude is
elevated and enhanced when our benefactors are the fair and young
daughters of Carolina. "O. E. Edwards,

"Col. 13th Regt., S. C. v.. Green Pond Station."

The Association employed Mr. Wm. Walker, A. S. H., to nurse
our sick and wounded in Richmond. He left June 10, 1862, on his
mission of mercy, carrying with him two large trunks and one bale
filled with wines, cordials, lint, bandages, and many other articles.
His first report was from Manchester Hospital, Richmond, June iBth,
saying he had found twenty-five of our soldiers wounded, but gen-

The Work in Spartanburg 45

erally well cared for. It was under the auspices of the Methodist
Sunday School Relief Society that Mrs. Lockwood went to Virginia,
giving such satisfaction that they passed and published resolutions
thanking her for her indefatigable labors which had been abun-
dantly successful in bringing comfort and hope to many of our suf-
fering soldiers, and under God's blessing had been the means of pre-
serving life and restoring health to those who had left all home
comforts and braved death itself in our behalf.

Dr. A. W. Thomson, in writing from the Winder Hospital, Rich-
mond, spoke thus of Mrs. Lockwood's valuable services :

"We deeply regret our inability to surround her with those com-
forts which she has relinquished and which her untiring devotion
so richly deserve. She can only be rewarded by the gratitude and
prayers of those to whom she has been a mother."

During the year 1863 the Association gave out the following to
individual soldiers and to companies :

Ninety-six pairs pants, 233 shirts, 138 pairs drawers, 105 pairs
socks ; sent to Richmond : one cask and one barrel hospital stores ; to
Charlestoii Hospital : one tierce and one barrel containing clothes and
provisions, one large box and barrel of clothing and hospital stores,
two sacks and one basket and barrel of vegetables.

On the second anniversary of the Methodist Sunday School Relief
Society, September 18, 1863, a most praiseworthy celebration took
place in the Court House. The children were proud of their duty,
acquitting themselves well. At the close a collection was taken up
for sick and wounded soldiers, amounting to one hundred and ninety
dollars. Later on they gave a Christmas tree at Wofford College
under the supervision of their .loved and able President, Mrs. S. A.
Caston, who inspired these little folks to put forth every effort to-
wards raising funds.

The following articles were given: To Captain A. H. Foster's
Company : fifteen cotton shirts, seven woolen shirts, nine pairs cotton
drawers, eight pairs woolen socks, six pairs pants, five pairs woolen
drawers, one havelock, one worsted necktie, one pair gloves ; Captain
R. D. Duncan's Company: fifteen shirts, seven woolen shirts, nine
pairs cotton drawers, five pairs woolen drawers, five pairs pants,
eight pairs socks, one havelock, one pair gloves ; Captain Woodruff's
Company : eight pairs pants, three pairs woolen drawers, four woolen
shirts ; Captain Wakefield's Company : eight pairs pants, three pairs
woolen drawers, four woolen shirts; Captain Wofford's Company:

46 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

one pair pants, two blankets, package tracts ; Captain Choice's Com-
pany : eig-ht pair woolen jeans pants, six cotton shirts, nine vests,
nine pairs woolen drawers, twenty-one pairs socks, one pair gloves,
six pairs cotton drawers, one cap ; distributed to individuals : five
shirts, eight pairs pants, two pairs drawers.

Donations received: From Mrs. Parker, six pairs socks; Mrs.
H. P. Walker, four pairs socks ; Mrs. Taliaferro, two pairs socks ;
Mrs. Spring, four pairs socks ; Mrs. Golding, one pair socks ; Mrs.
Drayton, one pair socks, one havelock; Mrs. Jos. Foster, one pair
socks; Mrs. Ramsay, one pair socks; Mrs. H. H. Thomson, $5.00
cash; Mrs. Elisha Poole, $10.00 cash; Mrs. Sallie Maybin, collected
$631.

Early in 1864 about twenty- four ladies formed a knitting associa-
tion for the soldiers, each member to pledge herself to furnish at
least one pair of well-knit soldier's socks every four weeks, and as
many more as practicable, the yam being furnished by the Society.
Miss Louisa Kerrison was President ; Miss Sallie Maybin, Vice-
President; Miss C. Hanckel, Secretary and Treasurer.

Donations received: Mrs. Joseph Walker, $10; Mrs. Lockwood,
$10; Mrs. Sarah Stevens, $5 ; a friend, $5 ; Mrs. Stobo Farrow, $20;
Mrs. Folger, two pairs socks ; Mrs. Mitchell, one pair socks ; Mrs.
Moss, two pairs socks and one flannel shirt ; Mrs. Wm. Lester, seven
pairs socks ; Mrs. Kerrison, one piece of cloth ; Miss Mary Thomson,
one pair gloves.

A concert was given on August i, 1864, for the Wayside Hos-
pital, resulting in the collection of $700. A series of lectures was
also organized in the fall for the same purpose — one each week.

Cross Anchor was the first place in the county to organize a Mili-
tary Aid Society. The officers were: Mrs. Lucinda Floyd, Presi-
dent; Mrs. Jane E. Lambright, Vice-President; Miss Hattie
Montgomery, Secretary; Mrs. M. E. Whitman, Treasurer. It was
resolved that the Society be called the "Cross Anchor Military Aid
Society." Also resolved "that the object of the Society is to reheve
the sick and wounded soldiers by any means we have in our power."
The Society to be composed of "all who feel an interest in Caro-
lina's noble sons who have gone forth to meet our enemies in battle
array, but more particularly the friends and relatives of the Cross
Anchor Volunteers."

In August, 1 86 1, Cedar Springs formed a Relief Society, with
Mrs. W. Allen, President ; Mrs. J. Simpson and Mrs. Barnett, Vice-
Presidents; Miss F. E. Cooper, Corresponding Secretary; Miss A.

The Work in Spartanburg 47

A. Allen, Recording Secretary ; Executive Comittee : Mrs. R. White,
Mrs. W. Camp, Mrs. J. Ballinger, Miss S. A. Cooper. The object
of this Society was to procure clothing, medicine and other articles
necessary for the comfort of "our soldiers." Those who felt an
interest in Carolina's brave sons were requested to co-operate.

At Camp Gregg, February 8, 1861, the Iron District Volunteers
met for the purpose of expressing their thanks for the liberal con-
tribution of clothing made by the Cedar Springs Soldiers' Aid and
Relief Society, saying that "while there were such spirits at home,
they would find in the patriotism and virtues of the women an incite-
ment to deeds of valor and self-sacrifice, and an invincible determina-
tion to endure the privations and hardships of the camp. * * *"

In the latter part of July, 1861, the ladies of Ridgeville and its
vicinity adopted a plan for the comfort and relief of our sick and
wounded soldiers in Virginia, forwarding two valuable boxes at
once to Col. Jenkins to be used according to his discretion. Mrs.
Gen. Miller was made President; Mrs. Dr. Moore and Mrs. F. L.
Andrews, Vice-Presidents; Miss Lizzie Rush, Secretary and Treas-
urer ; Executive Committee : Miss Hannah Montgomery, Miss Bettie
Strobel, Miss Mary Anderson, Miss Fannie Miller, Miss Addie
Snoddy, Miss Lizzie Hadden, Miss Mary Zimmerman, Miss Mary
Landrum, Miss Mattie Drummond, Mrs. Coward, Mrs. William
Calvert and Mrs. Thos. Gaston.

Contributions received : Mrs. D. Anderson, one counterpane, two
pillows, eight pairs socks, old curtains, yarn for six pairs socks;
Hattie Anderson, mint; Mrs. J. Caldwell, two pillows; Mrs. J.
Snoddy, one counterpane, one sheet, half-bushel rye ; Mrs. W. Means,
$1 ; Mrs. J. Bivings, one sheet, one pair pillow cases ; Mrs. F. L.
Anderson, two bottles grape wine, one sheet, one pair pillow cases,
blockade coffee; Mrs. J. P. Miller, butter, crackers, one mattress,
bandages ; Miss Addie Snoddy, one pair sheets, one pair pillow cases,
bandages, $1 cash ; Mrs. Coward, one pair pants ; Mrs. J. W. Miller,
one flannel shirt, one ham, two bottles wine, $5 for tracts, sack of
fruit; Mrs. H. Bush, one bushel grits; Mrs. C. P. Beacham, one
bottle vinegar, parched wheat; Miss Lizzie Bush, crackers; Mrs.
Cassandra Miller, $5 ; Mrs. D. Anderson, four pairs drawers ; Mrs.
J. Strobel, domestic soap; Miss Barbara Strobel, one mattress, one
pair pillow cases, wheat; Miss Maggie Strobel, four pairs socks,
bandages, religious papers; Mrs. J. Foster, domestic soap; Miss
Bettie Strobel, one mattress, two shirts, two towels, one spread, one
pillow case, $1 cash; Mrs. T. Wood, one pair socks, twenty-eight

48 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

pairs drawers, seventeen shirts, eleven towels (cloth furnished by
Society).

Ridgeville forwarded in the fall of 1861 to Virginia f6r the sick
and wounded: 150 pillows, forty counterpanes, quilts, comforts,
blankets, sixty-three pairs socks, a quantity of underclothing, pants,
vests, mattresses, honey, brandy, vinegar, marmalade, lint and ban-
dages.

Captain Latham wrote from near Fredericksburg, Va., February
3, 1863 :

"It becomes my pleasant duty on behalf of Company M, Palmetto
Regiment of Sharp Shooters, to return to the ladies of Grassy Pond
Soldiers' Aid Society our warmest thanks for the bountiful and
timely supply of clothing, etc. Such acts, while recalling the pleas-
ures of home vividly to the war-worn soldier, also seem to infuse
fresh vigor and nerve to meet the despicable foe of our young Con-
federacy."

The ladies of Woodruff organized, November 2, 1861, under the
name of "Bethel Ladies Soldiers' Relief Association" — Mrs. Lula C.
Styles, President; Mrs. Dr. Drummond, Treasurer; Miss Fannie E.
Drummond, Secretary.

Gouchee Creek and vicinity also formed a Society about the same
time — Mrs. Noah Webster, President, and Mrs. T. T. Wilkins and
Mrs. A. S. Webster, Vice-Presidents ; Miss Amanda Smith, Record-
ing Secretary; Mrs. G. B. Brown, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs.
S. F. Smith, Mrs. Jas. Robb, Miss Mary Wilkins, Miss Malinda
Littlejohn, Treasurers; Mrs. W. S. Lipscomb, Mrs. Dexter Ship-
ping, Miss Georgianna Shipping, Mrs. Edward Lipscomb, Jr.,
Executive Committee.

Resolutions of thanks were received by the Hollysville Aid and
Relief Society from the Palmetto Stars, Company E, i8th Regiment
S. C. v., February 6, 1862, Camp Guerin, for a box of hospital
stores sent them, especial mention being made of the donation of rye.

The Limestone Soldiers' Aid and Relief Association was formed
in November, 1861 — Mrs. Dr. Nott, President; Mrs. E. S. King,
Vice-President; Miss Jane Nott, Corresponding Secretary; Miss
Augusta Gafifney, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. Dr. Curtis, Treasurer ;
Directors : Mrs. H. G. Gaffney, Mrs. Wm. Kerr, Mrs. Dr. Crawley,
Mrs. Thomson, Mrs. Stacy Johnson. This Society was to furnish
necessaries as far as possible for the Fifth and Sixth Regiments.

Members : Mrs. Amelia Parker, ■ Mrs. Dr. Gaffney, Mrs. C. L.
Clark, Mrs. Samuel Fernandes, Mrs. James Brown, Miss Mary

The Work in Spartanburg 49

Gaffney, Mrs. H. Bridges, Mrs. A. J. Perry, Miss Annie Gaffney,
Miss Julia Gaffney, Mrs. Captain Camp, Miss Fannie Holt, Mrs.
Saul Camp, Miss Jane Perry, Miss Madora McArthur, Miss Laura
McArthur, Miss Susan Petty, Miss Sarah Haskins, Misses Mar-
garet and Naomi Tate, Honorary Members.

Contributions from the Glenn Springs Association : Miss Ellen
Meadows, $1 ; Mrs. J. F. Smith, 500. ; Mrs. J. W. Moore, 15c. ; Mrs.
J. P. Oland, one comfort, two pairs gloves; Mrs. Simeon Moore,
50c. ; Mrs. Dr. King, one comfort ; Mrs. J. W. Montgomery, ten
yards flannel; Mrs. L. Smith, 15c.; Mrs. R. Meadows, 35c.; Mrs.
E. H. Bobo, liberal donation of wool ; Mrs. R. Morrow, wool rolls ;
Little Misses Janie Foster, Mollie Lancaster and J. N. Miller, one
pair socks each.

The ladies of North Pacolet organized with Mrs. Perry Jackson
as President; Mrs. Carrie Jackson and Miss M. P. Carruth, Vice-
Presidents ; Miss Myra Jackson, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss
Amanda Clark, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Robert Jackson, Treas-
urer ; Miss Eugenia Jackson, Miss Mary Kelso, Mrs. James Jackson,
Executive Committee ; Mrs. Samuel Jackson, Miss Minerva Jackson,
Mrs. Polly Kelso, Mrs. Robt. Jackson, Miss Lizzie Jackson, Miss J.
Jackson, Mrs. Jno. Kelso, Miss Matilda Jackson, Miss Martha Kelso,
Miss Lou Collins, Managers.

"Camp Thomas, December 21, 1861.
"To the Pacolet Society :

"Ladies : The box sent to my company by you has just come to
hand, for which we all unite in sending our sincere thanks. The
articles have been well selected and add greatly to our comfort.
They have been distributed as judiciously as possible. Such things
are a great stimulus to the soldier, assuring him that he is not for-
gotten, not in words, but in acts that will be remembered in the day
of trial. Accept our thanks for the articles sent, and remember us
before God.

"Respectfully, your obedient servant,

"W. B. COMPTON,

"Captain Palmetto Volunteers."

This foregoing valuable list of Societies and their work is written
by Alice Walker Lee, of Spartanburg.

50 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

'Woman's WorlX. in Anderson.

Written in 1902 by Mrs. Mary Brown.

Many of the Anderson County women whose husbands were in
the army, and who had no slaves, farmed their own land, cut and
hauled their own fuel, as well as kept themselves and their children
clothed by their own spinning, weaving, sewing and knitting.

The ladies and girls of the town wove themselves hats of straw or
palmetto, made their own garments, and many of them spun and
wove the cloth from which they were cut. They supplied them-
selves and their households with towels and sheets made in the
same way.

In addition to this there was an aid society to supply soldiers with
necessities. Mrs. Rosa Webb was its president, and her daughter.
Miss Rebecca Webb, better known throughout the State as Mrs.
James A. Hoyt, was its secretary. A great many garments, socks,
blankets, etc., were supplied to the soldiers by this society. Almost
every woman in Anderson who could hold a needle, run a spinning
wheel or ply knitting needles, belonged to the aid society.

The Anderson women were no whit inferior to the men in their
zeal for the Confederate cause. Almost every man who could hold
a musket was fighting for his home, and every woman, without
exception, was earnestly working, not only for her home, but for
the soldiers who were facing the mighty hosts in blue.

(Signed) Mrs. Mary Brown.

SKetch of Mrs. Georg'e McMaster.

By E. E. Jackson, Member of Executive Committee for South Carolina Hospitals in
Virginia, Columbia, S. C.

It is with pleasure that I acceed to your request, and regret that
I cannot do justice to that good woman. So long a time has elapsed
and so much has happened since those exciting days, that many inci-
dents can easily be overlooked.

During the summer of 1862, it was my good fortune to be sta-
tioned in South Carolina Confederate Hospital at Petersburg, Va.,
where Mrs. George McMaster came with her helping hands and
sympathetic heart to give us that help so valuable to sick and
wounded. She came at an opportune moment. We were crowded
and short-handed. We needed just such help as she gave. No

Woman's Work in Barnwell 51

hands could smooth a pillow or bathe a fevered brow better or more
kindly than Mrs. McMaster. She was loved by our sick and
wounded. Ever ready to assist, her kind words and cheerful smile
softened many a heartache as her hands would ease the aching head.

She often sat and read to some afflicted and depressed patient or
wrote letters of comfort to grieving loved ones at home. Ever for-
getful of self when others suffered, she will not be forgotten by
those who Hved, and the dead blessed her. Mrs. McMaster was not
alone in doing deeds of love. Other patriotic women of South
Carolina did noble work in the many South Carolina hospitals in
Virginia.

When the yellow fever made its appearance in Wilmington, N. C,
I was ordered there, so I had but a short stay in Petersburg, and
saw my friend no more.

Her deeds were good and for the benefit of her brother man, and
every Confederate soldier was to her a brother.

(Signed) E. E. Jackson,
Ex. Com. for S. C. Hospitals.

'Woman's IVorK in Barnivell.

Written by Mrs. Johnson Hagood in 1902.

I am the only surviving member of our Barnwell Association.

I was away from home a great deal, following first the regiment,
then the brigade, of my husband.

Barnwell was then nine miles from a railroad, so we ha;d no hos-
pital or sick soldiers except our own.

I know that thread was spun, cloth woven, clothes made and sent
in boxes with other things to the soldiers, besides the boxes sent by
individuals to their own dear ones.

One plantation incident may be of interest. Late in the summer
of 1864 the manager of our place in Edgefield wrote me : "We have
no wool to have woven for the negroes this winter. What shall I
do?" I wrote back: "Do the best you can." He had all of the
cattle sheared and the hair carded and spun with cotton. When
woven the cloth was excellent and turned water well. Before this
we all used the ashes of corn cobs in place of soda for our bread.

Barnwell was almost as badly burned as Columbia. The house
in which our association met was destroyed with all of its contents.
I suppose our books and papers were burned also.

(Signed) Eloise B. Hagood.

52 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

1864.

The year opened with difficulties, privations, suffering and danger
in all directions, but courage and hopes were high and the women
of South Carolina went on undaunted with their work.

Charleston papers gave daily reports of the number of shells
thrown into the city.

The Confederate Baptist about this time said : "Heedless of dan-
ger, woman clings to her household hearth while shells are bursting
around it, and wends her way to the hospital amid the roar and
smoke of exploding missiles."

Courier, January lo, 1864.

Mrs. Riker gratefully acknowledges the receipt of the following
articles for the sick: From Miss J. Bruns, eight baskets of figs;
Mrs. M. Whitehead, forty glass phials ; Mrs. J. C. H. Claussen, forty
pounds biscuit ; Mr. Millar, twenty-five pounds biscuit ; Renneker &
Glover, one-half gallon whiskey ; Mr. F. Gruber, corn starch, pepper,
nutmegs ; F. Marks, two bottles bay water ; J. Murphy, one-half
gallon whiskey; D. W. Ohlandt, whiskey; E. H. Marjenhoflf and L.
F. Koester, one bottle brandy ; Mrs. Finch, sweet potatoes, corn,
flour, sugar; S. Melft, bottle peach brandy, bottle whiskey, quart
peach brandy ; a friend, bottle peach brandy.

Chaplain Winkler acknowledges : From Adams Run, $50 ; a Chris -
tian,. $20 ; J. G. Milnor, $45 ; Philo, $20 ; a soldier, $5 ; Mrs. Ed.
Porcher, $10; Mrs. Williams Middleton, $200; friends at Barnwell,
$54-

Editorial in Courier January 20, 1864.

"The Soldiers' Relief Association, the first formed in our city, has
never ceased its work for a day and is now the only one here kept
up by ladies. They require the aid of the public in hospital stores
and delicacies for sick soldiers. There is a list of seventeen ladies
who visit the hospitals daily and it is not in their power to furnish
themselves with all they should take to the sick. They desire the
aid of friends in every way."

At the same date Dr. Bachman acknowledges among other things
$10 sent by little girls of Mrs. Sarah Styles' school at Sumter, for

Soldiers' Relief Association 53

the Army of the West; from Mrs. J. C. Witherspoon, $100 for
hospitals ; from two ladies, $30 ; Mrs. M. S. C. Witherspoon, Society
Hill, $50 for Carolinians in Richmond, and twelve pairs socks for
Eighth Regiment, Kershaw's B'rigade; Miss L. Raymond, eight
pairs woolen socks and shirts; Miss Milliken, two pairs socks; a
refugee, Mrs. J. M. R., a suit of clothes for a South Carolina volun-
teer; Providence Church, St. Matthews, from Miss Eliza Evans,
two shirts, two pairs socks ; Miss Mary L. Dantzler, six pairs socks ;
Mrs. M. J. Wiley, two pairs socks ; Mrs. Edgerton, four pairs socks ;
Rev. Mr. Glennie, one box wine; Mrs. Laura N. Boyd, two pairs
socks ; Mrs. Grimball and Miss Grimball, nine dozen eggs ; Emma
Julia, nine pairs socks; Mrs. H. R. and Miss M. E. R., eight pairs
woolen socks and eight netted shirts.

Rev. E. T. Winkler acknowledges : From Mrs. Col. IBrown, Mrs.
A. P. Aldrich, Mrs. B. F. Boyd and other ladies of the Barnwell
Ladies' Association, two boxes and a trunk containing potatoes,
pork, pepper, butter, eggs, pickles, bread, two pairs drawers and six
pairs socks.

Mercury, January 25, 1864.

A letter from Johnston's Army reports general re-enlistment "for
the war." W^ounded, absentees and stragglers are returning to
their posts.

The following advertisement shows the difficulty in procuring the
simplest things : "The Soldiers' Wayside Home is in need of a
register book. Any of our mercantile friends who may have an old
account book, blank or partially so, would render the institution a
service by presenting it."

Directions are given for using oil of turpentine externally :
"Wrapped around the chest half an hour before a chill is expected,
it may be used as a substitute for quinine."

Courier, January 23^ 1864.

"Rev. W. B. Yates, that indefatigable friend of sailors and sol-
diers, is begging, buying and collecting woolen socks, especially for
the use of men on picket and outpost duty."

Courier, January 27, 1864.

"For the benefit of posterity as well as for the information of
people of the present day, we put on record the following schedule
of prices for making and repairing boots and shoes, charged at an

54 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

establishment in Richmond which is generally over-run with orders :
For making boots, $225 ; for footing boots, $140 ; for ordinary cav-
alry boots, $250; for gaiters, $110; for high lace shoes, $100; for
oxford ties, $90; for fixing, half soling and heeling shoes, $62; for
half soling and heeling boots, $120; ditto shoes, $18; new gores to
gaiters, $10; half soling boots or shoes, $12; for heeling, $8. If
calf skins are furnished, the charge for making boots will be $120,
shoes $60. Where it will not be possible to fill an order in the
course of four weeks from the time it is taken, no price will be set,
but will be fixed at the time of delivery."

Gen. R. E. Lee.

The following military order of General Lee we put here, as we
can well see that it must have been an inspiration to the women to
work as well as to his soldiers to endure:

Mercury, February 2, 1864.

"General Lee to His Army — Short Rations.

"Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia,

"January 23, 1864.
"General Orders No. 7.

"The Commanding General considers it due to the Army to state
that the temporary reduction of rations has been caused by circum-
stances beyond the control of those charged with its support. Its
welfare and comfort are the objects of his constant and earnest
solicitude, and no effort has been spared to provide for its wants. It
is hoped that the exertions now being made will render the necessity
but of short duration, but the history of the Army has shown that
the country can require no sacrifice too great for its patriotic de-
votion.

"Soldiers! you tread with no unequal steps, the road by which
your fathers marched through suffering, privation and blood, to
independence ! Continue to emulate in the future as you have in the
past their valor in arms, their patient endurance of hardships, their
high resolve to be free, which no trial could shake, no bribe seduce,
no danger appall, and be assured that the just God who crowned
their efforts with success will, in His own good time, send down His
blessings upon yours.

(Signed) "R. E. Lee, General."

Soldiers' Relief Association 55

Dr. J. W. Jones, Confederate Chaplain, in a sermon preached
many years afterwards, said that when the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia was on short rations, a meeting of soldiers passed a resolution
that they would fast one day in each week, sending the provisions
thus saved to the suffering poor of Richmond.

In the Mercury of November 12th, we see that the City Council
of Richmond offered General Lee a house for the use of his family.
This was refused, with the request that the money which would
have bought the house be spent for the poor soldiers' families of
Richmond.

How could women fail to work to the point of desperation for
such men?

Courier, February 3, 1864.

The ladies of Aiken send to Col. Elliott at Fort Sumter, $200,
to be spent for his command as he thought best. It is added that
$8 of the amount was the proceeds of a raffle of toys voluntarily
contributed by two little negro girls.

Patents are obtained for tanning leather with dog fennel and with
pine burrs.

The Ladies' Association of Newberry send through Mrs. Mary
Brown for the hospitals in Charleston : a coop of chickens and tur-
keys, one tierce sweet potatoes, one tierce flour and peas, one tierce
of sundries, one box of flour, peas, grits, and one box containing
meat and meal, sausages, butter and lard.

Courier, February 8, 1864.

General Beauregard calls for re-enlistment, saying:

"Your brothers in arms of the veteran armies of Northern Virginia
and Tennessee have re-enlisted, as was to be expected of such men,
by entire companies, battalions, regiments and brigades. * * *"

The first word from the troops in South Carolina appears the next
day. Company E, South Carolina Volunteers, detached at Charles-
ton arsenal, respond by re-enlisting for the war. The men are
chiefly from Horry District, Edward Bostick, Captain.

The Beaufort Artillery re-enlist on the same day, but the paper
of the I ith publishes the notice of this.

From now on the papers are filled with notices of re-enlistment.

A few new books occasionally ran the blockade, and some were
republished in this country, printed on brown paper, with wall paper
bindings. About this time "Silas Marner" is mentioned, and Dick-
ens' "Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings." It is hard now to conceive of the

56 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

eagerness with which new books were received and read, and as
work had to go on in spite of all temptations, many knitters learned
to read while knitting, and anyone able to do this often read to a
circle of friends.

Mercury, February 9, 1864.

"Tenth Quarterly Report of the Soldiers' Relief Association

OF Charleston.

"Depository Orphan House,

January 20, 1864.

"Amidst the shrieking and bursting of shells over our devoted city,
does this our tenth quarterly report make its appearance.

"We are no longer allowed to pursue our daily avocations in quiet-
ness ; our enemy, bent on the destruction of our beloved city, hurls
his missiles of death among us ; our gallant defenders still guard their
posts like heroes, and vie with their brethren in Virginia, Tennessee,
and elsewhere. * * * The voice of sickness and suffering calling
for help is still heard throughout our land, and to their country-
women do our soldiers look for sympathy. Shall they look in vain?
Though material for clothing is scarce, we still have work on hand
for those who wish to assist. * * * Jq those of our friends and
supporters who enjoy plantation life, we would say, remember the
soldier. * * *

"Mrs. George Robertson, President.

"Miss F. M. Blamyer, Secretary and Treasurer pro tem."

"During the last quarter the following amount of clothing has been
distributed: Eighty-five flannel shirts, 175 cotton shirts, eight pairs
pants, twelve pairs shoes, twenty-five handkerchiefs, four blankets,
201 pairs cotton drawers, 218 pairs socks, forty-three pairs gloves,
seventy-three scarfs, ten bed comforts, four bed sacks. The follow-
ing commands, companies, crews and hospitals have been assisted
with clothing, provisions and stores :

"General McGowan's command.

'Lieutenant Rhett's Company B.

"General Johnston's command.

"Crew of the Gunboat Chicora.

"Crew of the Gunboat Charleston.

"Crew of the picket boat at Green Pond.

"Captain Hopkins' Company.

"New Orleans Guard.

Sunday in the Army 57

"Wayside, Citadel Square, Georgia, North Carolina, Marine, Sol-
dier's Relief, Roper, Dr. Hannahan's, Dr. Thompson's, Summerville,
and Mount Pleasant Hospitals.

"The Association has also distributed a large quantity of cooked
provisions among our soldiers at several outposts. The ladies com-
posing the hospital committeees have been as attentive as ever in
visiting the sick."

Courier, February 15, 1864.

A Charleston woman, "temporarily residing in Macon," sends to
our representative, the Hon. Wm. Porcher Miles, a piece of silver
(a wedding gift), to be given to the Confederate Treasury.

Courier, February 16, 1864.

The Rev. Mr. Donnelly announces that the Ladies' Card Factory
of Greenwood is completed and ready to turn out loo pairs of cards
or more per week. "All honor and praise to the perseverance which,
contending against so many difficulties, has been crowned at last with
the desired result."

Sunday in the Army.

The newspapers bear testimony to what has been so well estab-
lished elsewhere, that the tone of the Confederate Army was deeply
religious. Certainly many of the leaders set a good example in this
respect, and we cannot think it amiss now and again to put into this
record of woman's work, extracts indicating the spirit that often
cheered their hearts and comforted them somewhat about their boys
in camp.

"Headquarters Northern Va.

"Feb. 7, 1864.
"General Order No. 15.

"I. The attention of the Army has already been called to the obli-
gation of a proper observance of the Sabbath, but a sense of its
importance, not only as a moral and religious duty, but, as conducing
to the personal health and well being of the troops, induces the
Commanding General to repeat the orders on that subject. He has
learned with great pleasure that in many brigades convenient houses
of worship have been erected, and earnestly desires that every facility
consistent with the requirements of discipline shall be afforded the
men to assemble themselves together for the purpose of devotion.

"II. To this end he directs that none but duties strictly necessary
shall be required to be performed on Sunday, and that all labor, both

58 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

of men and animals, which it is practicable to postpone, or the imme-
diate performance of which is not essential to the safety, health, or
comfort of the Army, shall be suspended that day.

"III. Commanding officers will require the usual inspections on
Sunday to be had at such time as not to interfere with the attendance
of the men on Divine service at the customary hour in the morning.
They will also give their attention to the maintenance of order and
quiet around the place of worship, and prohibit anything that may
tend to disturb or interrupt religious exercises.

(Signed) "R. E. Lee, General."

In the Charleston papers we see daily calls to union prayer meet-
ings, to which ministers, chaplains, missionaries of the Army, sol-
diers and citizens are earnestly invited.

Goulding's "Young Marooners'' was republished at this time by
Burke, Boykin & Co., Macon.

Mercury, February l8, 1864.

Dr. Bachman speaks of a christening gift to help the soldiers, from
six little babies at the DeKalb House, Camden, and also of $60 sent
by a little boy at Florence, the money being got by the sale of his
pigeon house.

Courier, February ig, 1864.

Notice is taken of an entertainment given by the young ladies of
Orangeburg for the benefit of the Wayside Home, Charleston — ^pro-
ceeds $682. The following ladies took part :

Miss Carrie Ocker. Miss May Louis. Miss Felicia BoUes.

Miss Lizzie Alexander. Miss Julia Bull. Miss Virginia McMichael.

Miss Julia Rowe. Miss Hattie Oliver. Miss Carrie Simonton.

Miss Mary Rowe. Miss Damans Wilson. Miss Sims Rowe.

Miss Fannie Bull. Miss Agnes Reeves. Miss Julia Lloyd.

Miss O. A. Beach. Miss Robertina Angel.

Courier, February 23, 1864.

"The Bee Company warerooms were opened to the public yesterday
and were densely thronged. Grocery department opened today from
nine a. m. to two p. m., for ladies only." It was a serious under-
taking in those days to shop at the "Bee Store." Often a line would
be formed and a customer waited for hours before the desired article
could be procured.

The Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy thank the President of the Bee
Company for large donations of articles for the sick under their care.

Women's Address to the Army 59

An official list of prices of cotton materials is published. Colored
domestics at $1.50 per yard, shirting $1.20.

Ladies from Allendale send $200, the proceeds of a lecture by
W. Gilmore Simms. It is turned over to Dr. Bachman for his sock
fund.

Courier, March », 1864.

The Wayside Home at Charleston gives notice that for the first
time there is no meat for the soldiers there.

Courier, March 3, 1864.

Mr. A. DeCaradene sends packages of seeds to be distributed to
the troops at Grahamville for their vegetable gardens. Soldiers are
urged, at this time, wherever possible, to plant gardens for their own
use, and there are urgent calls for seeds.

Mercury, March a, 1864.

There is still no meat at the Wayside Home — ^none to be had.

At this date a letter is published "from the women of the South
to the Soldiers of the Confederate Army."

"Soldiers: The President, Congress, the public press, and your
Generals, have told you their high estimate of your noble devotion
in re-enlisting for the war. We also, as your mothers, wives, sisters,
and friends, claim the right to thank you. It is the proudest act of
the revolution and secures immortality to all concerned in it. It
awakens anew the enthusiasm with which we began this struggle for
hberty, and removes all doubts of its eventual success. Such men
in such a cause cannot be overcome.

"In the dreariness of camp life you may sometimes have imagined
yourselves forgotten or little cared for.

"Counting up your privations and dangers, you may have doubted
their full appreciation, and fancied that those who stay at home and
risk nothing while you suffer and bleed, are more esteemed than you.
We beseech you to harbor no such thoughts. You are constantly
present in our minds. The women of the South bestow all their
respect and affection on the heroes who defend them against a bar-
barous and cruel foe. In the resolution to aid you they are as firm
and determined, as you in yours, not to lay down your arms till inde-
pendence be won.

"When that sacred vow shall have been accomplished, your recep-
tion by us will more than attest our sincerity. It shall also be shown
while the contest goes on by our efforts to increase your comforts
in the field, and to lighten the burdens of the dear ones left at home.

6o

South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"For your stricken country's sake and ours be true to yourselves
and your glorious cause. Never turn your back on the flag nor
desert the ranks of honor or the post of danger. Men guilty of this
sell your blood and our honor and give up the Confederacy to its
wicked invaders. In after years, from generation to generation, the
black title of tory and deserter will cling to them, disgracing their
children's children. But no stigma like this will stain you and yours.

"Brave, patriotic and self-sacrificing in time of war, you will be
honored in peace as the saviours of your country and the pride and
glory of your country-women.

"We beg you to keep near your hearts these memorials of affection
and respect, and to remember them, especially in battle, and we
invoke for you always the protection of a kind and merciful Provi-
dence." (Signed)

Mrs. S. C. Law.
Mrs. Robt. Carter.
Mrs. R. Patten.
Mrs. LeE. Cairns.
Mrs. D. Hutson.
Mrs. Geo. Woodruff.
Mrs. S. E. Wilkins.
Mrs. Julia Brice.
Miss Anna Forsythe.
Miss L. Rutherford.
Mrs. Dr. Technor.
Mrs. E. Shepherd.
Mrs. C. Shorter.
Mrs. A. C. Llewellen.
Mrs. E. R. Hodges.
Mrs. Dexter.
Mrs. Rogers.
Mrs. Jas. Warren.
Miss Rodgers.
Miss C. Ragland.
Miss M. T. Shorter.
Mrs. R. Ware.
Mrs. B. Gordon.
Mrs. M. D. Floumoy.
Mrs. A. B. Longstreet.
Mrs. Seaborn Toues.
Mrs. H. L. Benning.
Mrs. H. Meys.
Mrs. Rose Aubrey.
Mrs. J. G. Bowers.

Mrs. John Banks.
Mrs. J. B. Hill.
Mrs. E. T. Abercrombie.
Mrs. M. A. Fluornoy.
Mrs. S. C. Tarpley.
Mrs. J. E. Hunt.
Mrs. P. H. Colquett.
Mrs. H. Branham.
Mrs. L. Q. C. Lamar.
Mrs. T. A. Shorter.
Mrs. A. Abercrombie.
Mrs. A. T. Redd.
Misses Ellington.
Mrs. J. A. Dawson.
Mrs. R. P. Malone.
Mrs. Schaaf.
Mrs. A. Lowthen.
Mrs. L. Illgees.
Mrs. A. Shepherd.
Miss B. Hardwick.
Miss M. E. Dawson.
Misses Malone.
Misses Shepherd.
Mrs. J. A. Strother.
Miss E. Munnerlyn.
Miss Lila Howard.
Mrs. C. L Williams.
Mrs. T. Threewitts.
Miss M. M. Gordon.
Miss S. Threewitts.

Mrs. M. Chambers.
Mrs. Z. H. Gordon.
Mrs. D. Moffett.
Miss E. Moffett.
Misses Hardaway.
Miss Anne Dawson.
Mrs. Virginia Sneed.
Miss Torrance.
Mrs. Goetchins.
Miss Anna Bennett.
Miss Anna Tyler.
Miss M. Rutherford.
Mrs. Ferguson.
Misses Buning.
Mrs. John Carter.
Mrs. Patten.
Mrs. J. M. Gale.
Mrs. M. E. Shorter.
Misses Abercrombie.
Miss C. F. Hargraves.
Miss V. Mason.
Mrs. T. M. Nelson.
Mrs. Wm. Woodfolk.
Miss Buckly.
Miss Tarpley.
Miss Anna Leonard.
Miss Lou Hurt.
Mrs. R. Hardaway.
Mrs. Buckley.
Miss Mary Hodges.

This was accompanied by a note from Headquarters, Department
of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, requesting Charleston,
Savannah, and Augusta, and Tallahassee papers to publish. Signed
John M. Otey, A. A. G.

Soldiers' Relief Association 6i

Mercury, March 9, 1864.

No meat at the Wayside Home, and so it continued until March
14, when a quarter of beef was sent by express — donor's name un-
known. After that meat is sent regularly.

Mercury, March 10, 1864,

The following military order certainly does not touch on woman's
work, but as it most likely affected their feelings and influenced
them to resistance, it is interesting :

Special Order No. 44, from U. S. Headquarters at Norfolk and
Portsmouth, refers to the Rev. Mr. S. H. Wingfield, "reported to be
an avowed secessionist," who "has taken every opportunity to dis-
seminate his traitorous dogmas," and is to be "arrested by the Pro-
vost Marshal, and employed for three months in cleaning and sweep-
ing the streets of Norfolk and Portsmouth, for the benefit of the
government he has abused, and in a small way to atone for disloy-
alty and treason.

"By command of

"Brig. Gen. E, A. Wilde."

Is it to be wondered that the women worked ?

Mercury, March 14, 1864.

A correspondent, "C. C. C," reports that at Graham's Turnout,
S. C., that day the plan had been tried of taking to the trains baskets
of food for passing soldiers. Every man had a piece of ham and a
biscuit or a potato. Each neighborhood is urged to do the same.

Mercury, March 19, 1864.

"Though a target for Yankee missiles for the past six months,
the ringing of the bell in St. Michael's steeple has not been inter-
rupted. Tomorrow evening, and for six months following, according
to our city laws, the bell will be rung an hour later than during the
past half-year. The first ringing tomorrow evening will be at eight
o'clock — the second at three-quarters past nine."

Courier, March 29, 1864.

The subject of soldiers' gardens is discussed and the ladies asso-
ciations urged to bestir themselves to provide seed. Mrs. W. W.
Harllee and M. F. M. send packages of seeds "for soldiers only."

Contributions for soldiers sent by Hopewell congregation, Chester ;
Oak Grove congregation, Spartanburg, and St. Andrews Chapel,
Qarendon.

62 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Courier, March 29, 1864.

The lunch for soldiers was going on daily at Graham's Turnout.

Courier, April 4, 1864.

Ladies of Sumter, through Mrs. A. J. Moses, send one hundred
and ten pounds of bacon to the Wayside Home, Charleston. Meat
can now be given only once a day to the soldiers at the Home.

L. P. Andrews, of Branchville, writes in regard to the establish-
ment by ladies of a Wayside Home at Branchville. Dr. Winkler
urges it.

Mrs. Catherine Lee is spoken of as President of the Soldiers' Rest
at Camden.

Courier, April 7, 1864.

Little Katie Lee, a dear little girl of only ten, a refugee in Au-
gusta, has sent us $30 for the Wayside Home, the proceeds of a
pair of shell vases which she gave of her own accord.

John Douglas acknowledges $36 from Mrs. Susan J. Clarke of
Orangeburg District, and $5 from Mrs. Julia A. Hinson of Bam-
well, to supply soldiers with religious reading.

Mary, Willie and Clement, little refugees at Jamisons, send $5 for
the Wayside Home.

Courier, April 8, 1864.

This was a day of fasting and prayer, by proclamation of the
President of the Confederate States.

Courier, April 11, 1864.

Again no meat to be had for the soldiers at the Wayside Home,
Charleston. A day or two later it is stated that the Home shelters
two hundred and fifty soldiers each night.

Courier, April 21, 1864.

There are many calls for a Wayside Home at Branchville, and
Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of Columbia, begins the subscription list with
$1,000, but, on consultation, it is decided to open the Home at King-
ville, and Dr. Gibbes solicits subscriptions accordingly.

Courier, April 25, 1864

Miss Evans's book, "Macaria," was published by West & Johnston
of Richmond, and was for sale at Hart's bookstore, Charleston.
Price, $5.

Soldiers' Relief Association 63

About the same time, "Joseph II. and His Court," by Muhlbach,
was published by Goetzel & Co. of Mobile.

Four generals of the Army of Tennessee — Hardee, Shupe, Govan
and Strahl — were confirmed at Dalton by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Ste-
phen D. Elliott, assisted by Dr. Quintard and others. General
Strahl was also baptized. "An immense concourse, civil and mili-
tary, was present, including the Commander-in-Chief."

Dr. Winkler acknowledges $148 from the Ladies' Aid Society of
Hill's Church, and the S. R. A. of Charleston acknowledges $2,500
from Miss A. S. J. Mrs. D. B. Heyward sends $50 for the Way-
side Home and the Free Market. Chaplains call for old books for
the hospitals.

Courier, May ^^ 1864.

The ladies of Cooper River and Middle St. Johns send the Charles-
ton Wayside Home $i,ooo, the proceeds of a fair.

Courier, May 4, 1864.

The Grahamville Aid Society publishes its tenth quarterly report,
dated April 30th :

"The report of our tenth quarter shows that with the blessing of
God we shall keep our place in the sisterhood, though, from re-
movals, the members are few, and consequently our means small.
Yet we will strive, as long as a soldier is in the field, to keep doing,
so as to aid our self-sacrificing men.

"We gave to Beaufort District Troops, General Lee's Army : Ten
pairs socks by Mrs. T. E. Screven; to General Johnston's Army,
through M. LaBorde: fifteen pairs woolen pants, nine shirts, three
pairs drawers, two pairs socks; to seamen in Charleston harbor,
through Mr. Yates, Chaplain : twenty-one shirts, two pairs drawers,
six pairs socks, one comfort ; to a friend in need : four shirts, three
pairs drawers, four pairs socks ; to a disabled soldier from the Army
of Tennessee: three shirts, two pairs drawers; to Mr. Wm. Yates,
for distribution : twelve pairs socks, six pillow cases.

"Mrs. T. E. Screven, President.
"Mrs. M. C. Bolan, Sec. and Treas."

Courier, May 9, 1864.

The Ladies' Society of Statesburg, through H. L. Pinckney, sends
contributions to Mr. Yates for sailors.

Directions are given for drying vegetables and tanning squirrel
skins.

64 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Courier, May 14, 1864.

Rossini's "Stabat Mater" was sung last evening at Flinn's church
for the Soldiers' Wayside Home, with distinguished success, to an
audience composed largely of the taste and refinement of Charleston.

Courier, May 23, 1864.

"Our gallant troops are giving a good example." Captain H. C.
Stuart of St. Peter's Guards, camping near Hardeeville, sends for
the Soldiers' Wayside Home, Charleston, a box of vegetables raised
in the company's garden, promising to send more next week.

Courier, May 25, 1864.

The Sandy Run Association, through Mrs. C. A. Graeser, sends
$105 for the soldiers, and Master Edward Elmore Gilliland sends
lint for the wounded to Mr. Yates.

The Soldiers' Wayside Home gave refuge to women who came to
Charleston to visit sick sons and husbands. The night before this
date four women with young infants were found sitting in the
streets with no money or food. They had come from Chesterfield
in hopes of seeing their husbands on Sullivan's Island. They were
taken to the Soldiers' Home.

Miss Anna Geiger, daughter of Jacob Geiger, Esq., of Richland,
S. C, wove twenty yards of cloth in less than one day.

The Last Bazaar.

Among Mrs. Snowden's papers we find a circular dated from
Columbia, May 31, 1864. It is signed by Mrs. John Fisher of Co-
lumbia, Mrs. M. A. Snowden and Miss Eliza P. Hayne of Charles-
ton, Mrs. F. H. Elmore and Mrs. A. W. Leland of Columbia, and
speaks of a bazaar they propose to hold in Columbia.

This circular is addressed "to the friends of the cause of the Con-
federate States," and after some opening statements goes on thus :

"To those abroad under whose eyes this appeal shall fall, and who
miay not possess that local knowledge necessary to a correct under-
standing of our social and political conditions, a few words of ex-
planation will be necessary.

"It will be borne in mind that the whole male population of the
Confederate States between the ages of 18 and 45 is in the army.
That the States from which they are drawn embrace an area larger
than Europe ; that the armies of our invaders are hurled against our

Soldiers' Relief Association 65

entire border from northern Virginia to Texas, from the Atlantic
Ocean to the slopes of the Rocky Mountains. That in every section
battles have been fought which, in frequency and numbers engaged,
and in the loss of life, are without parallel. In this vast theatre of
the exhibition of passion and of suffering, it will be perceived that
great numbers of wounded soldiers must necessarily be continually
passing to and fro on our railroads to their homes, in every stage
of suffering and distress. This is especially true, as at the day of
this writing, when great battles have just been fought. And unfor-
tunately such periods are not rare. They follow each other with
such fearful rapidity that it is not uncommon to meet with youths
under twenty years of age who have passed through a greater num-
ber of battles than the veterans of Marlborough or Napoleon.

"The pressure of such sad realities impose upon the people through
whom these soldiers pass, to provide, as far as possible, for their
relief. Wayside homes and hospitals have, therefore, been estab-
lished where their wounds are dressed, food and lodging are pro^
vided and everything possible is done for their comfort. These
establishments, dispersed throughout our extensive country, require
large outlays of money, and especially a supply of many comforts,
such as groceries, bedclothing, etc., which it is difiScult to procure
in the Confederacy.

"The Navy constitutes another demand upon our services ; though
less exposed in battle, the seamen are frequently much in want of
shoes and clothing, which are not supplied by the Government.
Their wants it is our anxious desire to supply as far as lies in our
power."

Mercury, June 4, 1864.

Ladies of Beach Branch send clothing for sick and wounded.

Ladies at Cedar Swamp — Miss McCrea, Miss E. P. Scott and
others — get up tableaux for the benefit of the soldiers.

Every day brings its terrible lists of casualties and there is scarcely
a day that the papers does not report the death of prominent men
whose names are familiar to us all.

Mercury, June 7, 1864.

A list of hospitals in Charleston is again published, as follows :
First Louisiana (Recovery, Distributing and Transfer Hospital —

late Wayside), King street, opposite Cannon. Surgeon, Robert

Lebby, Sr.

66 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Soldiers' Relief Hospital, corner Cooper and Drake streets. Sur-
geon W. H. Huger in charge.

Third North Carolina Hospital, 29 Charlotte street. Surgeon J.
G. Thomas in charge.

First Georgia Hospital, corner King and Vanderhorst streets.
Surgeon W. H. Cummings in charge.

First Virginia Hospital, corner Morris and Jasper streets. Sur-
geon J. Dickson Bruns in charge.

First South Carolina Hospital, Rikersville. Surgeon G. R. C.
Todd in charge.

Negro Hospital (Engineer Service), Rutledge street. Surgeon
W. T. Wragg in charge.

Smallpox Hospital, West Side, President street, Ashley River.
Assistant Surgeon Fludd in charge.

Encampment Hospital for Convalescents, Summerville. Surgeon
E. E. Jackson in charge.

William Cannon, Surgeon.

Washington Artillery at Jacksonboro thanks Mrs. R. B. Jenkins
of Round O for a donation of four dozen eggs, and many other
articles for the sick in the field hospital of the command.

Mercury, June 21, 1864.

In a recipe for making lye soap it is said that salt added would
be an improvement, "but it is too dear to use."

Mercury, June 25, 1864.

Captain Johnson's command, stationed at Legare's Point, James
Island, sends vegetables from its garden to the Soldiers' Wayside
Home.

Carolina Spartan, December 5, 1902. Reprinted from Spartan, June 30, 1864.

"report of the SPARTANBURG SOLDIERS^ AID AND RELIEF ASSOCIA-
TION, DATE JUNE 24TH.

"At a meeting of the above Association held on Friday, June 24th,
the following resignation and report was handed in by the President
of the Society :

"Circumstances no longer allowing me to discharge the duties of
President of this Society, I now render in a report of the proceed-
ings since the first of January, 1864 — and with it my resignation!

Soldiers' Relief Association 67

"Articles on hand on ist of January — Twenty- four pairs socks,
eight shirts, one comfort, part of a bunch of yarn.

"Previous to the ist of May contributions were published in The
Spartan. The following donations have been received since that
time: Bomar & Converse, five bunches yarn; thirty yards shirting;
J. H. Wilson, two pairs socks; Mrs. Alfred Tolleson, seven yards
homespun for shirts.

"The following donations are gratefully acknowledged for hospital
purposes : J. B. Archer, one ham, one jar salad, one sack flour, meal,
grist and bundle rags; Mrs. Alfred Tolleson, bundle rags; Mrs.
Keist, bundle rags; Mrs. Leitner, bundle rags, bottle blackberry
wine; Mrs. Simpson Bobo, two bottles brandy, old clothing and
rags; Mrs. Joseph Foster, five bottles blackberry wine, dried fruit,
rags and pepper ; Mrs. Carlisle and Mrs. Caston, dried mint, catnip,
sage and lint ; Mrs. Steinmeyer, twO' bottles cordial, lint ; Mrs. L. C.
Kennedy, two bottles vinegar, one bottle wine, rags; Mrs. Duncan,
one jar pickles, bundle rags, lint; Mrs. Mitchell, old clothing and
rags; Mrs. Shipp, bottle wine; Mrs. Mills, bottle vinegar, pepper
and sage; Mrs. H. H. Thomson, old clothing, bandages and bag
hops ; Miss M. F. Thomson,, bundle rags ; Mrs. Hanckel, jar pickles
and $10; Mrs. Wagner, $5; Master W. H. Wagner, $10; Miss C.
M. Smith, $s; Mrs. J. W. Webber, package tea and coffee; Mrs.
Dr. Vernon, bottle wine, bundle rags ; Mrs. Cleveland, bundle old
linen ; Mrs. A. Wingo, meal, grist, bundle old clothing ; Mrs. DuPre,
old clothing, rags; Mrs. Wayman, rice; Mrs. O. E. Edwards, cloth-
ing, cloth, rags and bottle wine ; Mrs. Robinson, bundle old clothing,
rags, tracts, etc.; Mrs. N. P. Walker, bundle cloth. We also ac-
knowledge the receipt of $71 from the proceeds of a concert given
by Mr. Tully.

"On the 29th May one box and barrel were sent to Central Asso-
ciation, Columbia, from thence to be forwarded to any hospital
where most needed. Also on 1st of June a barrel of hospital stores
was sent to Wayside Hospital, Columbia.

"Besides the box and two barrels sent to hospitals, the following
articles have been distributed from the Society since ist January:
To Colonel Stevens' Regiment : ten pairs socks ; to Thirteenth Regi-
ment : four pairs drawers, two shirts ; to Captain Trimmier's Com-
pany : six shirts, two pairs drawers ; to Tennessee soldiers : ten pairs
socks, one pair gloves ; to two soldiers : pair socks each ; to hospital :
box five pairs drawers, seventeen bottles wine.

68 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"The following articles now remain : one pair shoes ; twenty-nine
pairs drawers ; one woolen shirt ; fifteen colored shirts ; twenty-eight
pairs socks, ten bunches yarn, one woolen scarf, four yards shirting.

"M. E. Thompson."

The resignation was accepted and Mrs. O. E. Edwards was unani-
mously elected President.

Mercury, July i, 1864.

The Constitutionalist of yesterday says : "A friend returning from
a trip to White Pond Turnout, S. C. R. R., says that the ladies pre-
pared a substantial meal for the soldiers at White Pond every Sun-
day. Mrs. Yates and Mrs. Mosely, we believe, have charge of the
good things sent. From Branchville the entertainment begins on
Monday and extends through all the stations, so that a meal is ready
every day at some station, terminating at White Pond on Sunday,
to recommence at Branchville every Monday.

"Our informant says that the train was delayed very late, but the
ladies, some of them having come ten or twelve miles, stayed till
dark.

"God bless the women of the gallant little State, and mlay they
live forever and always have plenty of provisions."

Mercury, July 7, 1864.

The ladies of Simimerton, through Mrs. Thomas Smyth, send
$365 to the Soldiers' Relief Association.

Mercury, July 9, 1864.

Chaplain Winkler makes an appeal for rags to be used in dressing
wounds.

Mercury, July 11, 1864.

The Soldiers' Wayside Home of Charleston reports that during
the ten months of its existence it had lodged 39,000 men.

Mercury, July 15, 1864.

On July 4th at Marion Court House an Association was formed,
called the Marion Association for the Relief of Soldiers. The mem-
bers of its central committee were General W. W. Harllee, Colonel
W. W. Durant and Captain Geo. A. Mclntyre.

SoLDiEEs' Relief Association 69

Mercury, July 19, 1864.

There is an urgent call for stimulants to be sent to Virginia.

The Soldiers' Relief Association acknowledges $ioo from Mrs.
General Ripley and Mrs. N. M. Porter, each, and the Wayside Home
appeals urgently for lint and rags for the many wounded.

Miss Meta Heyward and the ladies of Aiken are thanked by
Assistant Surgeon W. R. Caldwell for many articles sent to troops
garrisoning stone batteries.

Courier, July 19, 1864.

J. W. Miller, Chaplain at Summerville, receives a large donation
from Hebron Church, Blackville Circuit :

J. C. Kennedy, one bushel rice, one bushel peas ; J. T. C. Kennerly,
one ham; D. D. Davis, one-half bushel rice; J. S. Livingston, one
bottle honey; Mrs. William Vard, one ham; Mrs. James Johnson,
one ham ; Mrs. C. E. Davis, four pounds butter ; Mrs. M. C. Ken-
nerly, five pounds butter, four chickens; Mrs. J. T. Pow, one-half
bushel grist, five pounds butter, six chickens ; Mrs. B. S. Livingston,
four pounds lard ; Mrs. J. D. Jones, two bushels potatoes, one bushel
grist, one-half bushel rice, one ham, six pounds lard; Mrs. C. Liv-
ingston, fifty pounds flour, five chickens; Mrs. J. Livingston, one-
half bushel rice ; Mrs. M. L. North, six chickens ; Mrs. E. T. Foyle,
four chickens, four pounds butter ; Cornelia Donnelly, two chickens ;
Mrs. H. Bennett, one ham; Miss M. Bennett, one bottle honey; Mrs.
Wm. Pow, one gallon syrup ; Mrs. Jane Carson, four chickens ; Mr.
John Bennett, one bushel grist and six pounds lard; Mrs. D. N.
Carson, four chickens ; Primus, an old African, one chicken.

This is a good specimen of the "neighborhood lists" such as are
frequent.

Courier, July 20, 1864.

Evidently contributions to the proposed bazaar began to come in
promptly from friends at home and abroad. In Mrs. Snowden's
correspondence there is a letter from Mr. James M. Calder of Liver-
pool, in which he mentioned many articles sent, among others a
package of quinine, morphine, opium and hartshorn. He says that
a bazaar was to be held in Liverpool to raise money for Confederates
in Northern prisons. Date of letter, July 20th.

Courier, August ^, 1864.

The garrison at Fort Sumter, through James McCauley, Surgeon
of Post, solicits help in the way of vegetables and rags.

70 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

It becomes impossible to insert in this committee's report all such
notices published. The columns of the daily papers are more than
ever crowded with the lists of killed and wounded, obituaries of
prominent men, appeals for help to garrisons and hospitals, and
thanks for such help rendered. It is impossible in a limited space
to give all the names of women as well as men, who apparently
were giving of their very last.

Courier, August 4, 1864.

The Soldiers' Relief Association announces that it will send re-
freshments to two commands on James Island on the following Sat-
urday. Citizens are asked to send contributions to the Orphan
House.

Courier, August 10, 1864.

A similar notice is published. The provisions are to go to Fort
Sumter.

Courier, August 16, 1864.

A letter from John T. EhiPre from the trenches near Petersburg,
Va., acknowledges a donation of stimulants sent his men through
Miss M. A. Buie.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Unionville sends, through
Miss Blamyer, one hundred and forty sandbags for fortifications, and
many other articles.

Confederate Prisoners on Morris Island.

The appended brief extracts are quoted from a very full paper
written by Captain Thomas Pinckney, a copy of which is in the
possession of the Daughters of the Confederacy of Charleston :

"In August, 1864, six hundred Confederate officers were selected
from the prisoners at Fort Delaware, and sent to a stockade on
Morris Island, to be kept there under fire of the Confederate bat-
teries, in retaliation for Federal prisoners being kept in Charleston
after the Swamp Angel and other guns had succeeded in throwing
shells into the city.

"General Beauregard notified General Gillmore, commanding the
United States forces on the coast, that he had Federal prisoners in
the city, and they, as well as women and children, were within reach
of his guns. The result was a cessation of their fire for but two
days, followed subsequently by these retaliatory measures.

"I have learned since that these prisoners, eighty-three in number,
were confined in a house now owned by G. T. Cunningham, West

Soldiers^ Relief Association 71

Broad street, and that only one shell ever fell within that square,
which unfortunately proved fatal to two of our men."

These six hundred Confederate officers, Captain Pinckney tells
us, were guarded by negro troops. "Their rations consisted of a few
worm-eaten hardtack, a little chunk of meat i 1-4 inches square,
and a cup of bean soup (three beans to the quart of water, our men
said) per day." Of course the people of the State were most
anxious to alleviate the sufferings of these men, in any way possi-
ble, and whenever opportunity offered, large quantities of provisions
were collected and sent to them, unfortunately not always reaching
their destination, for again Captain Pinckney tells us that by order
of General Gurney, these provisions, as well as express packages and
mail, were withheld for weeks and "thrown out of warehouse, mak-
ing a mound upon the back beach, and our letters they must have
destroyed, as they never were delivered to us." The order was
rescinded later, and boxes and letters delivered to their owners as
they came.

These prisoners were kept there two months, but none of them
were killed, as, quotmg from Captain Pinckney, "our cannoneers at
Sumter and Moultrie understood their business too well to drop any
shells in our midst."

Mercury, August 20, 1864.

Southerners across the water did what they could to help, both
by their own efforts and those of English sympathizers. Under the
head of "A Southern Bazaar in England," The Mercury has the
following :

"We print below a circular recently issued by a number of South-
em women, who, though abroad, are anxious to do their part in the
cause of their country.

"It has been suggested that our ladies might contribute many

articles peculiarly interesting and appropriate on such an occasion,

such as home-made chip and palmetto hats. * * * We give the

circular in full :

"bazaar in aid of southern prisoners' relief fund.

Lady Patronesses. Mrs. Akroyd.

H. I. H., the Princess Murat. The Countess Bentevoglio.

The Marchioness of Lothian. Lady Eustace Cecil.

The Marchioness of Bath. Lady Wharncliffe.

The Marchioness of Ailesbury. La Vicomtesse de Dampierre.

La Marquise de Montmort. La Baronne de Longneuil.

The Countess of Chesterfield. Lady Anson.

Lady Mildred Beresford Hope. Lady Eardley.

Lady Rosa Greville. Mrs. Horsfall.

Mrs. Collie. Mrs. I. R. Callenseer.

Mrs. Laird.

72

South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"Madam: It is intended to hold a bazaar in St. George's Hall
early in October, in aid of the Southern Prisoners' Relief Fund.
Many ladies, in addition to those named, have promised their
active aid.

"The suffering of the Southern prisoners of war, in sickness,
wounds and deprivation of every comfort of life; the multitudes of
widows to whom nothing remains, and of orphans unable to help
themselves — form an amount of woe which some who are blessed
here with abundance and peace, have felt a desire to alleviate. Ef-
forts have already been made, and not vnthout success, through
reliable friends in the Northern States, but unhappily the field is so
wide that aid is now required to replace the means already provided,
as exhausted.

"It is hoped that you will not refuse your assistance in this work
of humanity.

"The committee will be glad to hear in what form you will aid
them if disposed to do so, and will attend at once to any suggestion
with which you may oblige them.

Mrs. Ashbridge, Kentucky.

Mrs. Byrne, Louisiana.

Mrs. T. Byrne, Louisiana.

Mrs. Bullock, Georgia.

Mrs. James Calder, South Carolina.

Mrs. Cassin, Florida.

Mrs. Crowder, Georgia.

Mrs. Hamilton, South Carolina.

Mrs. Hoskier, Louisiana.

"Liverpool, June 25, 1864."

Mrs. Holland, Louisiana.

Mrs. Lowe, Georgia.

Mrs. Malcolmson, Alabama.

Mrs. Oliver, Louisiana.

Mrs. Patterson, Virginia.

Mrs. Prioleau, South Carolina.

Mrs. Quintell, Louisiana.

Mrs. Rodewald, Louisiana.

Mrs. Trapman, South Carolina.

"Charles K. Prioleau, Treas.
"James Spence, Hon. Sec.

Mercury, August 23, 1864.

The Wayside Home, Charleston, has received $1,779-33 from the
Oratorio by amateurs, under the auspices of Dr. Becker.

Many acknowledgments now appear from Dr. T. Peyre Porcher,
Surgeon in Charge of South Carolina Hospital at Petersburg, Va.

While the reports of donations received and distributed continue,
the amounts and numbers of articles become painfully less — for
instance, during the week preceding this, the Soldiers' Relief Asso-
ciation of Charleston distributed : eight shirts, nine pairs socks, eight
pairs drawers, thirteen handkerchiefs, four pairs pants, two towels,
rags, lint and pamphlets.

Soldiers' Relief Association 73

They had received during the week : Offering from box at Jack-
son's Monument, through Mr. W. H. Smith, Clerk of Council, $100;
Mrs. G., $25; Mrs. George Robertson, $100; Miss C. Robertson,
$25 ; from raffle at Newberry, $50.

Also, from several ladies at Nassau, a valuable box of stores : Miss
Flages, one pair socks; Miss Milliken and Mrs. S. G. Barker, five
spreads; Mrs. Wm. White, Sumter, through Mrs. Fickling, one
bunch woolen yarn ; Mrs. Wm. Richardson, five bunches cotton yarn.

The women were working hard, but supplies were running low.

In sharp contrast to this state of things is the following passage
from a New York letter:

Mercury, August 26, 1864.

"Many magnificent stores have been completed here, and the dis-
play in the windows would prove attractive to the most fastidious.
The streets present the appearance of a masquerade or carnival, so
fanciful and extravagant is the dress of the women. Long black
silk basques and circulars are worn, most elaborately trimmed, as
are the long-trained skirts of the dresses. Small straw hats of every
description are seen perched on the tops of the heads, with tremen-
dous bunches of false curls hanging under the hats, some of which
cost $35."

This was the four hundred and fourteenth day of the siege of
Charleston and four hundred and fifty shots were fired that day.

Mercury, September u, 1864.

L. C. Hasell, Surgeon of Elliott's Brigade at Petersburg, writes
to thank the ladies of Oak Lawn, S. C, for $75 sent to the Infirmary.

The officers and crew of the Confederate Steamer Chicora return
thanks to the Ladies' Association of Camden for large gifts of fresh
vegetables.

"God bless the women ; their sympathies extend even to the poor
sailor. (Signed) "Thos. T. Hunter,

"Com'd'r C. S. N."

Mercury, September 6, 1864.

"Confederate Medicines : A medical friend informs us that during
a recent visit to the office of Surgeon General Moore, he was sur-
prised and defiglited to find a cabinet filled with choice extracts and
preparations' of various medicinal substances, mineral as well as

74 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

vegetable. Many of these articles were with difficulty procured here
before the war. They were prepared in the Confederate States
Laboratory, and will compare well in neatness of preparation and
general get up, with the best English and French preparations. * *"

Mercury, September 12, 1864.

Salt was now from $20 to $25 per bushel, and sorghum syrup, $15
to $30 per gallon.

Mercury, September 14, 1864.

Dr. Bachman acknowledges from Mrs. Mary Witherspoon, So-
ciety Hill, for sick and wounded Carolina troops at Petersburg, $50;
from Mrs. G. W. Lee, Sumter, $37; from children at the Aiken
Hotel, proceeds of a fair, $306; Mrs. Sneed, $50; Lower Bridge
Sewing Society, through Mrs. Salters, $19; Mrs. John Douglas,
Society Hill, basket of vegetables.

Courier, September i6, 1864.

A Yankee prisoner, who had escaped from the train near Graham's
Turnout, was captured by a negro boy, who held him till his master
came up.

Courier, September 17, 1864.

Chaplain E. T. Winkler acknowledges from the Rev. W. D. Rice,
ten bottles, five dozen eggs, two pounds butter, one loaf bread, mus-
tard, rye, coffee, four hams, bags of rice, potatoes and apples,
through Miss Emma S. Heriot; one bushel of grist and potatoes
from Mrs. E. T. Stell; one-half bushel grist from Mrs. Jessie
Nevels; four pounds butter from Mrs. George Meyer; one-half
bushel grist from Miss Eliza Hagood; one dozen eggs from Mrs.
H. Chitty ; two dozen eggs from Mrs. Pink Blum ; two bottles wine
from Miss E. S. Heriot.

"Cars will be dispatched for Lee's and Beauregard's Armies, Sep-
tember 26th and October 7th ; for Hood's Army, September 22d and
Ocotber 9th ; for Charleston and the Coast, September 22d and Octo-
ber 9th. "M. LaBorde,

"Chairman Central Committee."

Now and then we meet items in the papers which show the friendly
and sympathetic footing on which Southerners stood with their
negro servants. It is only just to record a few of these, for without

SIRS. KATHEKINH MACFIE, COLUMBIA.

Soldiers' Relief Association 75

the help and protection of these faithful negroes the women of the
South could not have accomplished what they did.

Mercury, September 23, 1864.

Richard, the property of John Witherspoon, Esq., of Society Hill,
discovered a few days since, near his master's plantation in Marlboro
District, a party of three Yankee prisoners who had escaped from
confinement near Florence. They used every persuasion and argu-
ment to induce him to let them pass, but without success, and with a
stick, the only weapon he had, they were held in check until he
procured the assistance of some other servants, when they were ar-
rested and brought safely to town.

Mercury, September 26, 1864.

A call is made for tobacco and other comforts for Confederate
prisoners in the stockade on Morris Island.

Mercury, September 29, 1864.

Mrs. M. de C. sends $20 for prisoners on Morris Island and $25
for Wayside Home in Charleston, which establishment is earnestly
calling for help and receiving it slowly.

Mrs. McKenzie sends a large supply of potatoes for prisoners
and the Rev. Mr. Winkler sends them twelve pounds of chewing
and ninety-eight pounds of smioking tobacco. (Poor fellows, they
never got it!)

The citizens of Columbia, men and women, send through Benj.
Mordecai, Esq., $10,226 for the Wayside Home at Charleston.

Mercury, October 3, 1864.

The ladies of Pinopolis, through Mr. I. D. Porcher, send four
barrels and one box for prisoners on Morris Island, and the com-
mittee in charge of this matter returns thanks for liberal contribu-
tions. Even after all these years, and in spite of knowing that much
of this help was never allowed to reach those for whom it was in-
tended, we feel thankful to those who tried to send it.

Mercury, October 4, 1864.

Mrs. F. C. Blum gratefully acknowledges the following contri-
butions for our prisoners on Morris Island, from Williston, South
Carolina :

Bryant Weathersbee, Esq., one bag potatoes, and corn bread.

76 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Capt. H. E. Philips, one bag potatoes.
Robt. Willis, Esq., one bag potatoes.
Mrs. R. H. Graham, one basket potatoes.

Mercury, October 5, 1864.

Thirty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-three dollars is re-
ported as having been received for the Wayside Home, but after all,
with the condition of the currency and the state of prices, this did
not amount to much.

Mercury, October 6, 1864,

The Soldiers' Relief Association, Charleston, report having sent
boxes to the prisoners on Morris Island.

Mercury, October 11, 1864.

The newspapers now occasionally publish personal notices from
the New York papers asking after relatives at the South, or giving
items of family news.

Relief for the prisoners on Morris Island and for the Wayside
Home is steadily coming in.

Mercury, October 15, 1864.

The Young Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association, through Miss
Kate Gilliland, return their thanks for donations for soldiers.

Mercury, October 19, 1864.

Young ladies of Fort Motte give tableaux and send the proceeds,
$60, for the prisoners on Morris Island.

Mrs. J. S. C, of Cheraw, sends $ioo for the same object.

Mercury, October 24, 1864.

A series of lecture<5 is arranged for in Spartanburg to aid the
Ladies' Hospital of that town. Prof. Whitefoord Smith, Prof. J. H.
Carlisle, Rev. A. M. Shipp, Rev. Pickens Smith, Prof. W. DuPre,
President W. K. Blake and Professor Henderson had consented to
lecture.

Atercury, October 27, 1864.

An account is given of a supper at Aiken for the Wayside Home
by ladies of Aiken, assisted by Mrs. T. Savage Heyward, of John-
ston's Turnout; $1,615 sent.

Mrs. Thomas S. Heyward,
Mrs. Wm. Gregg, Jr.,

Managers.

Soldiers^ Relief Association "jj

Mercury, November 4, 1864.

J. H. Mclver, treasurer of Florence Wayside Home, acknowledges
a long list of provisions, clothing, etc^., and $2,065 in money, chiefly
from women.

Mercury, November 8, 1864.

The Parisian correspondent of the London Telegraph writes on
October 17: "Yesterday and today there has been a general exodus
of the Southern Americans, who are going over in a body to attend
the bazaar at Liverpool."

There is also a description from the London Herald of the bazaar.
It was evidently on a grand scale. The tables were named for the
different States and attended by English and Southern women. The
ladies at the head of the South Carolina stall were Lady Wharucliffe
and Mrs. Prioleau, and they displayed chiefly small but richly
wrought articles of needlework, scarfs, pictures, and baskets of
elegant workmanship.

Mrs. Bullock presided at the Georgia stall. The report says : "For
nearly six months the preparations have been in progress, and during
that time contributions most valuable have flowed in from all parts
of the world. So numerous are the articles thus given that the
difficulty has not been to 'dress' the stalls, but to exhibit all they con-
tain, for a bazaar on as sumptuous and vast a scale as this one is
dwarfed even in the magnificent hall devoted to it."

Mercury, November 9, 1864.

Mrs. James Gilliland returns her thanks to Captain Swan, of
Steamer Julia, for donation of one case each of sherry, port, and
claret, three barrels of oranges and one package of tea for soldiers
in hospital.

Dr. Bachman, one of the most faithful, persevering and efficient
friends of the soldiers, was unceasing in his efforts to collect through-
out the State, traveling in every direction gathering up provisions
for hospitals. At this date he acknowledges six pairs of socks from
an old lady in Aiken, and also from Miss Maggie Horlbeck, six pairs
of socks knit by her two little maids ten years old.

Preparations for the bazaar to be held in Columbia are evidently in
full swing.

South Carolinian, November 11, 1864.

A second appeal for this object is dated from Columbia, November
5, and is addressed to the "Friends of the Southern Cause" at home.

78 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

It urges our own people to send anything and everything, from a
bale of cotton to a wooden bowl.

The first appeal of May 31 is reprinted, and both are signed as
follows :

Mrs. John Fisher, Columbia.

Mrs. M. a. Snowden, Charleston.

Miss Eliza P. Hayne, Charleston.

Mrs. F. H. Elmore, Columbia.

Mrs. a. W. Leland, Columbia.

Mrs. D. E. Huger, Charleston.

Mrs. a. M. Manigault, Charleston.

Miss L. S. PorteRj Charleston.

Among Mrs. Snowden's correspondence is a note from the Rev.
Wm. E. Martin, telling Mrs. Snowden that the Senate and House
of Representatives had granted the use of the State House for the
bazaar to be held in January, 1865.

We also find a list of donations to the Southern bazaar as follows :

Twelve Cuisines Soyer, valued at $6,000, from Gilbert Tennent,
Esq., Charleston, S. C. (One of these is in the Chapter room of the
D. of C. of Charleston.)

Donations of various goods from James M. Calder, Esq., Charles-
ton, S. C. (Residing in Liverpool.)

Twenty pounds sterling, twenty-one velvet smoking caps and two
packages of music from James Adger, Esq., Charleston, S. C.
(Residing in Liverpool.)

A white embroidered dress vest, and pieces of tailor's scraps from
Williams & Crook.

One pair beautifully made gaiters, entirely domestic material and
work, from Miss Emily Lee, Spartanburg, S. C.

One bag of rye from Mrs. R. Marshall.

Two pairs socks from Mrs. M. Carroll.

One pair socks from Miss Carson.

Two yards homespun from Mrs. Burke.

Salad fork and spoon from Mrs. Royal.

Two pairs child's gaiters, one cushion, one match case, one pen
wiper from Miss Tucker.

One plume from Miss E. Pinckney..

One child's cap, six Confederate brooms from Mrs. Hopson
Pinckney.

Two corn-shuck hats, trimmed, from Miss M. Pinckney.

Sixty dollars, from raffle of doll, from little Kate Moses.

Soldiers' Relief Association 79

Five tobacco bags from Miss Moses.

Beautiful caps and socks of zephyr wool from Miss Devereux.

Handsome table cover from Mrs. Blum.

Two hundred pounds sterling from Committee of Liverpool
Bazaar, through Mr. Spence.

Several fancy articles, among them a fine head of Washington in
a frame made from wood taken from Mt. Vernon, from Miss Pamela
Cunningham.

Nine hundred dollars, proceeds of a concert given by Mr. Schaller,
Mrs. Murray, Madame Volga, Miss Carroll.

Two dozen Confederate flag handkerchiefs made of cotton grown
on James Island, and manufactured in Scotland, from Archibald
Johnson, Esq. (One in the collection of D. of C. of Charleston.)

A collection of beautiful fancy articles for the South Carolina
table from the Misses Levy and Miss Ezekiel, of Richmond, Va.

Several pretty fancy articles from Miss Middleton.

Assorted delicacies, case wine, case brandy from the captain and
officers of "The Katie Gregg."

A variety of very handsome fancy articles from the Misses Gail-
lard.

Pocketbooks, combs, soap, razors, and other articles from the
Misses M. and A. Ashton.

Provisions and fancy articles from St. John's and St. Stephen's.

One bond for $500 from Mrs. Robt. Martin.

Mercury, November 12, 1864.

Adams Run Hospital acknowledges through Louis Brown, Stew-
ard, many things sent by ladies.

Courier, November iz, 1864,

Aid is asked for for sick and wounded soldiers, soon to be returned
from their long captivity.

Refugees from Atlanta are also being helped, the various churches
sending contributions.

Courier, November 14, 1864.

The ladies' committee of the bazaar to be held in Columbia returns
its thanks to the owners and officers of the Steamer Fox, for their
kindness in bringing, free of charge, articles for the bazaar.

Courier, November 16, 1864.

A decoction of parsley seed is said to be an equivalent for quinine
in the treatment of fevers. ,

8o South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Courier, November 22, 1864.

Charleston Wayside Home receives $146.66 from Parnassus Aid
Society, Marlboro, through Mrs. Mary Dudley, Secretary and
Treasurer.

Courier, November 26, 1864.

Uurgent appeals are published from the Charleston Wayside
Home for "corn, meal, grist, flour, and all substantial of life," which
"will be more acceptable than money."

Courier, December 2, 1864.

A note from W. R. Caldwell, Surgeon of Stono Batteries,
acknowledges a bag of oranges from the Soldiers' Relief Association ;
and the Steward of the Third Sub-district Hospital has received a
box from the Soldiers' Relief Association, and refreshments, papers,
etc., from Rev. E. T. Winkler.

Dr. Winkler at this time publishes an eloquent appeal for con-
tinued exertions in supplying the hospitals.

Courier, December 3, 1864.

There is a letter to the women of Carolina, signed A. N. S., warn-
ing them of the approach of the enemy, citing the outrages committed
in other States, and calling upon them to familiarize themselves with
the use of firearms.

Mercury, December 5, 1864.

"A gallant young soldier writes from Lee's Army as follows:
'In the trenches. Notwithstanding all the privations and exposure
of the men, they all maintain a hopeful cheerfulness about our
eventual success. It is really a refreshing sight to walk up and
down the trenches and see the cheerfulness and hilarity of these
half-fed, half-clothed men. Their steadfastness under hardship and
suffering redounds as much to the glory of our cause as their gal-
lantry in the field of action.' "

Mercury, December 8, 1864.

Mrs. Gilliland acknowledges oranges, limes, wine, etc., from
Captain Ramsey of the Steamship Laurel, and from Purser L. B.
Goodworth of Steamship Katie Gregg — ^both blockade runners.

Mercury, December 11, 1864.

The ladies of Summerville send whiskey, bandages, etc., for
hospitals, and Dr. Winkler receives $516 from tableaux and concert,
gotten up by Mrs. Alice H. Smith and other ladies of Bamberg.

Soldiers' Relief Association 8i

St. John's Church, Flat Rock, sends $333 to the Wayside Home,
Charleston.

Our friends abroad were not forgetful. "A foreign firm" sends
$1,000.

Mercury, December 13, 1864.

Perry Hawkins, Chaplain of Second South Carolina Regiment at
James Island, acknowledges from M. P. Albany, $5.00; Cypress
Chapel, $586.50; S. C. Tract Society, eight Testaments and tracts,
and five copies of the Confederate Baptist for four months; Dean
Swamp Church, $42.95 ; J. E. Johnson, $2.50 ; Bethlehem Church,
Goose Creek, $215 ; a friend, 5,000 copies of the Gospels of Mat-
thew and John, which have been divided with other commands on
the Island.

Mercury, December 19, 1864,

In view of the fact that Confederates are still often reproached
with their treatment of Northern prisoners, it does no harm to set
down here "An Itemi — It is a fact not generally known that the
expenses of our Government in caring for Yankee prisoners is over
$200,000 a day, or, according to the estimates of Mr. Trenholm, one-
tenth of the daily expenses of the Confederacy."

Courier, December 19, 1864.

The poor little children did not have many Christmas presents in
those days, but we do see a notice of Christmas books brought out
for them by George L. Bedgood, of Richmond.

H. C. Powell, Ward Master of the McPhersonville Hospital,
receives, through Mr. Whilden, $37.00' from the Savannah River
Hospital Association.

Courier, December 21, 1864.

The Citadel Cadets were now in the field. From the headquarters
Battalion, State Cadets, at Tullifiny Works, I. B. White, major com-
manding, returns thanks for hospital stores, books, etc.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston receives forty pew
carpets from the Central Church.

Courier, December 28, 1864.

It is stated that small hen turkeys were selling in Richmond at
$100 each.

Evans & Cogswell, of Columbia, publish Thackeray's "Philip."
Price $7.50.

82 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Courier, December 29, 1864.

T. W. Hunt, of the Soldiers' Relief Association Hospital, Charles-
ton, acknowledges donations, among them "from the Sisters of
Mercy, who have so long, so faithfully, and so kindly administered
to the wants of the sick and wounded in hospital, a splendid luncheon
on Christmas."

"the bazaar.

"The undersigned, under the instruction of the ladies, take pleasure
in announcing that the bazaar will be open at 7 p. m. on Tuesday,
17th January, at the State House in the City of Columbia.

"The purposes of this undertaking — the relief of the sick and
suffering in homes, hospitals and the navy — the great interest it has
excited — the quality of articles, foreign and domestic, already col-
lected, and the untiring industry with which the work is still being
prosecuted — all warrant the expectation that it will prove a great
success. * * *

(Signed) "Wm. E. Martin,

"J. J. Chisolm, M. D.,
"Joseph Walker,
"Committee on Notices and Advs."

Courier, January 3, 1865.

Mrs. James Gilliland acknowledges the receipt of a Christmas box
for the soldiers, containing hams, flour, fruit, butter, eggs, lard,
preserves, cakes, biscuit, and meal, from the following ladies of
Chesterville : Mrs. John McKee, Mrs. A. Q. Dunovant, Mrs. J. J.
McLure, Mrs. Hemphill, Mrs. Bennett, Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Whit-
lock, Mrs. Pride.

Courier, January 3, 1864.

Planters and citizens of Sague La Grande, Cuba, send £91 17s
2d for the relief of soldiers and families. In Confederate currency
this is reported as $3,979.04.

Mercury, January 4, 1865.

Sherman's Army is reported at Hardeeville.

Chaplain Winkler acknowledges from Mrs. John J. Mclver four
dozen eggs, one bottle blackberry wine, catsup and dried pepper;
Mrs. Bacot, of Darlington, $50; Mrs. R. Jane Edwards, for Ladies'
Aid Association of Spartanburg, $10; E. J. Porter, $400, being the
proceeds of tableaux and concert given by young ladies of Kingstree ;

Soldiers' Relief Association 83

Mrs. D. S. Baker, a bag of clothing from the Ladies' Aid Society
of Black Creek Church, Darlington District, as follows: Mrs. J.
Dargan, one pair drawers, two pairs socks; Miss B. Dargan, one
pair socks; Miss M. Dargan, one pair gloves; Mrs. A. Dove, one
pair drawers ; Miss K. Dove, one pair socks ; Miss L. Dove, one pair
socks. Miss N. Adams, one pair drawers ; Miss M. Frost, one pair
socks; Miss E. Howie, one pair socks; Miss P. Kervin, one pair
drawers; Mrs. E. C. Ferguson, two pairs socks; Mrs. Abbott, six
pairs socks; Miss M. Adams, one pair socks; Mrs. D. S. Blake,
thirteen pairs socks ; Mrs. Annie L. DeLorme, one pair socks ; Mrs.
D. S. Blake, thirteen pairs socks ; Mrs. Annie J. DeLorme, one pair
drawers; Mrs. Bringloe, $500; A. S. Johnston, $100; Mr. Brawley,
$100; cash, $100.

Mercury, January 5, 1865.

In the Mercury of this date there is an account taken from the
Richmond Examiner of the preparation of a New Year's dinner for
General Lee's Army. The provisions for this dinner were sent from
all over the country, the cooking being done at the Ballard House,
Richmond. Mr. Ballard, the proprietor, had turned over to the
committee the whole unoccupied part of the hotel, and it had been
converted into an immense kitchen. The steam power used for
heating the house was now directed to cooking.

"It is estimated that enough flesh and fowl is already cooked to
feed 30,000 or 40,000 men, and as additions are hourly being made
by purchase and donation, all idea of a lack of anything is dispelled.
* * * The' Confederacy, particularly Virginia, is doing a big
thing. * * * The question of the best plan of serving a dinner
along a line of twenty miles or more in length is under consideration
today."

Mercury, January lo, 1865.

Richard M. Frost, Steward of the Summerville Hospital, acknowl-
edges from the Summerville- Soldier's Relief Association, through
Mrs. Smith, fourteen feather pillows, nine pairs socks, one gallon
of whiskey, one gallon of vinegar, one peck of peas, one cake of suet,
two fans, bundle of linen rags, with many personal attentions and
acts of kindness on the part of Mrs. Miles, also of Mrs. R. A. Pringle.

Mercury, January 13, 1865.

Savannah had been for some time in the hands of General Sher-
man. Two hundred and fifty refugees from that place arrive in

84 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Charleston. They report that Sherman had begun his movement
towards Branchville, and that "the privates speak of wreaking their
vengeance on South Carolina, but the officers say that their action
will depend on the amount of opposition they may encounter. If
they have hard fighting to do and are successful, they will not
attempt to restrain their men." The discipline of Sherman's Army
is said to be perfect in Savannah.

Courier, January 17, 1865.

That an effort was made, even in those dark days, to keep up the
intellectual tone of our people, is shown by the fact that on a recent
date the Confederate States Educational Association had met at
Charlotte, N. C, and appointed a committee to publish an address,
first to teachers, then to educated women, and then to the people.
Women of education are urged to take places as teachers and lend
their influence to the cause of education. This address is signed by
Tilman R. Gaines, Washington Baird, and Richard Sterling, Com-
mittee.

Courier, January 18, 1865.

This paper, in an editorial, says : "For three years, we believe, a
prayer meeting open to all who believe in earnest prayer and desire
to attend and can attend, has been held in this city on Wednesday of
every week. The usual notice for this afternoon will be found else-
where for this meeting now held in Bethel Church, at the corner of
Calhoun and Pitt streets. It is devoutly believed by many that so
far this city, a chief object of the designs and attempts of the enemy,
has been saved in answer to fervent prayer. * * * Many readers
know also that at 1 1 a. m. every day there will be prayer in St. Paul's
Church. * * * ^ goodly proportion of our defenders are God
fearing, praying men, and many who were not so have become such
during the war. * * * Some of our generals are also exemplary
in the duties and traits of Christian life, faith, profession, and con-
duct. They fight and pray, and pray as well as they fight."

Courier, January 21, 1865.

An announcement is made that Bishop Davis is expected to visit
St. Paul's Church on Sunday and administer confirmation. "On that
day many readers in this city, and in others threatened by the war,
will use the Collect for the third Sunday after Epiphany : 'Almighty
and everlasting God, mercifully look upon our infirmities and in all

Soldiers' Relief Association 85

our dangers and necessities stretch forth Thy right hand to help and
defend us, through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.' "

Daily reports are in the Charleston papers of the siege, and also
"From the Road." All was anxiety as to Sherman's movements.

Courier, January 23, 1865. ^

An extract from the Columbia South Carolinian says : "We have
not begun to be conquered. * * * -^g gj^^y j^q^ f ^jj ^vhile our
noble armies have an existence. Fortunate for us it is that the tone
of public sentiment at home is more than offset by the splendid
determination of the men in the field. Let us take courage."

The ladies of Middle St. Johns, Berkeley, send $3,173 to the
Soldiers' Wayside Home.

Mercury, January 24, 1865.

The following plea, while probably unwise, excites our compassion
for women soon to be made homeless and desperate in their grief :

"To the Editor of the Charleston Mercury:

"Sir : We beg through your columns to address the General Com-
manding South Carolina, and the Governor of the State. We,
women of Charleston, not enthusiastic girls, but women whose hair
has whitened through the anguish of this awful war, whose hus-
bands, sons, brothers, have died for South Carolina and Charleston,
entreat to be heard. We would say that we have listened with grief
and horror inexpressible to the hints of abandoning to our foes,
without a struggle, the city of our love. We urge by all our titles
to regard ; we implore, as the greatest boon, fight for Charleston !
At every point, fight for every inch, and if our men must die, let them
die amid the blazing ruins of our homes ; their souls rising upwards
on the flames which save our city from the pollution of our enemy.

"Send out the women and children yet in the city. Thousands of
Charleston women scattered through the land will share with them
their all. They shall not starve. But let there be no excuse for
deserting the sacred homes of us and our ancestors. What! the
four years of proud defence to be rendered nugatory? The battle
flag of Sumter to veil its proud defiance without a cannon shot?
The churches where we heard the burial services of our dead who
died around our walls, to ring with the triumphant Te Deums of the
invaders ? Oh, men ! it is impossible ! By the rain of blood and tears
which has fallen upon our hearts, never quenching, but brightening

86 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the flame of patriotism there, do not utterly crush those true hearts
by this blow.

"We know, each of us, our husbands, our brothers, our sons, are
not shrinking now. They are chafing at this fatal policy of retreat.
They who have won their fame from the Savannah River to Charles-
ton Harbor,' they ask but leave to fight on as they have fought. Do
you but lead them on, not keep them back. We call upon the Com-
manding General to stand by us, to fight with us, heart and soul.
We call upon our Governor, sworn to defend Carolina and her honor,
to defend it here. Let the mantle of the Dictator fall upon him, and
if Charleston, defended to the hour, must then fall, let the Governor
defend and save our honor here by her fall amid her burning edifices
and her homes — to the sound of the guns of our forts, as they send
out their last defiance to the baffled foe.

(Signed) "Many Wives and Mothers of Charleston."

This may be only what might be called the "foolish talk of
women," but it certainly shows that the South Carolina women were
not easily frightened.

Courier, January 25, 1865.

A letter from Savannah, dated January 6, republished apparently
in a Northern paper, speaks of the omission from the church service
at Christ Church, Episcopal, of the prayers for the President of the
United States and all in civil authority, and also for Congress. The
writer suggests that an order be sent on the subject — which was done
in Columbia. The Rector was notified that the church would be
given to negroes if these prayers were not used. They were read,
but the congregation rose to its feet. No doubt this occurred in
other places as well.

Courier, January 30, 1865.

Mrs. Gilliland receives a donation of coffee and sugar for the
hospitals from Captain Brown of the Steamer Fox, and Chaplain
Winkler acknowledges from Mrs. Mcintosh, of Society Hill, four
bags of potatoes and a box of soap from R. W. Gale.

Courier, February 2, i86s.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston "held its regular
weekly meeting on Monday last.

"During the week the following articles were distributed : Nine
shirts, six pairs socks, two blankets, one pair pants, two pairs
drawers, two pairs shoes.

Soldiers^ Relief Association 87

"Received through Mrs. Gilliland $200. The hospital committees
were suppHed as usual."

The hospital at Summerville acknowledges donations, and Dr.
Bachman the following list: From Mrs. D. Geiger, twelve pairs
socks; Mrs. John Beckley, $10; Mrs. T. Payne, $10; Soldiers' Aid
Society, Cheraw, through Mrs. C. E. Godfrey, two parcels — one con-
taining thirty-five pairs of socks, the other thirty-four, given as
directed to Rev. Mr. Yates for the Marines, and to Conner's Brigade.
Having ascertained that in some of the hospitals the fund for the
invalids was exhausted (Dr. Bachman says) "I have today sent the
following sums : To the surgeon at Rikersville, $200 ; to Dr. Huger,
Soldiers' Relief Association Hospital, $200; Mrs. Lafar, for South
Carolina soldiers in Richmond, $500."

Courier, February 3, 1865.

"Thousands who knew him well learn with regret of the sudden
death of Peter Brown, the old colored drummer, who has for nearly
half a century beaten daily the reveille and tattoo at the Lower Wards
Guard House. Through his long life he has always been known for
his honesty, promptitude and sobriety. * * * Peter's funeral
will take place this morning and will doubtless be largely attended."

Courier, February 4, 1865.

A call is made for help for Confederate prisoners at Johnson's
Island, Ohio. J. Ravenel Macbeth, Captain First Company, S. C. A.,
offers to purchase and ship any cotton given, through the Blockade
Company, which has offered to help.

Courier, February 7, 1865.

The New York Commercial says : "A Savannah belle stepped off
the sidewalk the other day to avoid walking under the American
flag which hung in front of an officer's headquarters. General Geary,
military commander of the city, immediately gave orders to have her
promenade back and forth under the hateful symbol for an hour, as
a warning to similar offenders."

Gov. A. G. Magrath issues a proclamation saying that the truth
must be faced. "The invasion of the State has been commenced;
our people driven from their homes, etc." He calls upon all to arm
in defence of the State "as resolute as their cause is just."

88 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

The papers are now filled with calls to arms for the defence of
home. The Governor's proclamation is published every day.

The needs of the Army of Virginia and elsewhere are not to be
forgotten, and Dr. LaBorde of the Central Committee still adver-
tises that cars will be dispatched to the Army of Northern Virginia
every Wednesday, and for Charleston and the coast on the ist, loth
and 20th of every month, and the papers still publish acknowledg-
ments from stewards, chaplains, etc., of contributions to the comfort
of the soldiers — lessening daily in quantity and value, but still all
the women had.

To the members of those old societies in Charleston, it is pleasant
to see that the Benevolent, Garment, and Fuel Societies had continued
their work through everything. Miss DeSaussure calling for and
acknowledging subscriptions to them.

Courier, February 8, 1865.

After an urgent call for prayer to God in the hour of danger and
distress, comes the following: "We have been fighting for nearly
four years. Our land has been drenched in human gore. Blood has
flowed like water, the bones of our gallant dead lie bleaching over a
thousand battlefields; our property has been stolen and destroyed;
our cities pillaged and burned ; our mothers, wives and sisters in-
sulted and driven forth penniless to seek an ayslum among strangers ;
our aged and decrepit fathers have been ruthlessly torn from their
peaceful homes, stripped of all their earthly possessions and thrown
uterly destitute upon the cold charities of the world. Gaunt famine,
squalid poverty, intense suffering and black desolation have marked
the path of this bloody destroyer of our once peaceful and happy
country — and behold the end is not yet."

The Courier says : "We take the above from the Mississippian,
referring to a weekly prayer meeting in Selma, Ala. It applies as
well to this place."

Courier, February 11, 1865.

Surgeon F. Ollin Donnelly issues an appeal to the ladies of Colum-
bia to continue faithfully visiting and supplying hospitals. And they
did— to the very last — until the advent of Sherman's army sent
every man in the hospitals who could drag himself, away some-
where — anywhere to escape ; and there are those who still remember
the pathetic farewells of these men as they passsd the homes of the
women who had so long befriended them, and whom they were now
leaving to meet the dreaded enemy.

Soldiers' Relief Association 89

Courier, February 20, 1865.

The Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston leaves its record
to the last. On February 20 it publishes its last semi-annual report,
dated January 20 :

"In presenting to the public the semi-annual report of this Asso-
ciation the ladies desire to rettirn their thanks to the various depart-
ments, companies and to the citizens generally, for the aid they have
extended, thus enabling them to carry on, as they hope, successfully,
the work of relief to the soldiers and in many cases to their families
at this time of peculiar exigency.

"With the grand object in view of aiding, encouraging, and cheer-
ing the gallant and enduring soldiers in the field, on the sea, as well
as those in the hospitals, the ladies feel an especial gratification in
being at this post of danger, witnessing the heroic and martyr-spirit
of those who meet the enemy, and thus far with signal success.

"And though the billows are surging all around the noble ship
of state, they feel an abiding confidence that she will soon be righted
and bear triumphantly the flag of Truth and Justice over the known
world.

"At the Depository at the Orphan House the wants of the soldier
will be cheerfully attended to."

treasurer's report.

By balance on hand from last report $4,494 85

By donations received 9,225 82

By cash from Railroad box lost 2,067 00

$15,787 67

To cash paid for work done $187 00

To cash paid for freights, etc 114 34

To cash paid for hospital stores 1,467 3°

To cash paid for stationery 46 50

To cash paid for depository expenses 198 00

To cash paid for hospital committees 350 00

To cash paid for bagging and packing 327 00

To cash paid for shirting 2,081 25

To cash paid for house duties 284 00

To cash paid for yarn 105 50

To cash paid for discount on bonds sold 446 60

$7,002 99
Balance on hand, a part of which is in 4 per cent bonds . .$8,784 08

90 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"During the last six months the following articles have been dis-
tributed : 286 cotton shirts, 233 flannel shirts, 267 pairs drawers, 198
pairs socks, 179 pairs pants, 23 pairs shoes and slippers, 19 comforts,
18 pairs blankets, 36 scarfs and handkerchiefs.

"Besides furnishing a large quantity of provisions and refresh-
ments to the soldiers at the forts, and our prisoners on Morris Island,
the committee of ladies have, as formerly, been constant in their
attentions to the sick and wounded in the various hospitals.

"Mrs. George Robertson, President.

"F. M. Blamyer, Secretary and Treasurer."

Courier, February 20, 1865.

On February the 20th we read in the Charleston Courier the ac-
count of the evacuation of Charleston.

Courier, February 21, 1865.

And on February the 2ist, over the signature of Stewart L. Wood-
ford, Lieutenant-Colonel 127 U. S. Vols., Provost Marshal Gen.
D. S., appears a notification that the military authorities had taken
charge of the Courier, which would now be issued as a loyal Union
paper !

And so the end came — and yet not the end. Grief and bereave-
ment lay like a pall over the whole country; Rachel mourned for
her children and would not be comforted because they were not.
Terror and desolation spread in the wake of Sherman's Army. The
despair of utter loss and disappointment crushed the entire State;
and yet from that despair the women of Carolina roused themselves
to their work. Homes were to be remade, heartbroken men to be
comforted, fatherless children to be reared, pitiless poverty to be
fought and conquered. The dust of the dead must be gathered from
distant battlefields. Monuments perpetuating the memory of that
valor and endurance at which the world had wondered, must be
erected. And saddest task of all, perhaps — the old, from whom all
hopes and illusions had been torn away, and to whom the woe and
misery surrounding them made life an unendurable burden — these
must be gently lead and lovingly supported on their downward path
to the grave, which seemed now to promise them their only earthly
rest.

All this and more had to be, and has been done, for nearly forty
years, against what difficulties no earthly tongue can tell nor earthly

Soldiers' Aid Societies

91

eye see. And still it goes on; it must and will go on. Women in
whose veins runs the blood of Confederate fathers and mothers,
cannot fOrget. For generations still their work lies before them.
They' cannot sit in indifference and allow the world still unjustly to
misunderstand the men and women of past days. They, too, must
"work for the soldiers," by teaching their children still ever to seek,
to know, and to maintain the truth.

Soldiers' A.id Societies Not Included ix\ Volume First.

Date of Name of

Organization. Association.

Officers, Etc.

Location.

Relief Mrs. C. A. Graeser, Pres. . . Sandy Run

St. Mattliews Parish

Sewing Society Mrs. Salters Lower Bridge

Parnassus Aid Mrs. Mary Dudley, Sec. and

Treas. . . Marlboro

Savannah River Hosp'l Savannah River

Black Creek Aid .

July — , Hospital Society .
1861.

Oct. 5, Aid and Relief
1861.

1861. Ladies' Benevolent
Ladies' Aid . . .
Hospital Aid . . .

Mrs. D. S. Baker . . . Darlington Dist.
Mrs. M. P. Crawford, Pres. . . Lancaster

Mrs. John Ross, Pres. . .
Miss M. Robertson, Pres.

Pleasant Valley
Lancaster Dist.

. . . Wild Cat
Lancaster Dist.

Mrs. S. W. P. Creswell, Pres., Scotch Cross
Abbeville Dist.

Mrs. S. W. A. Logan, Pres. . Orangeburg
Mrs. A. S. Salley, Vice-Pres.
Miss Clara Glover, Sec. and Treas.

Military Aid Mrs. Lucinda Floyd, Pres. . Cross Anchor

Spartanburg Dist.
Mr. I. E. Lambright, Vice-Pres.
Miss H. Montgomery, Sec.
Mrs. M. E. Whitman, Treas.

Aug.—, Relief Society Mrs. W. A. Allen, Pres. . Cedar Springs

1861. Spartanburg Dist.

Mrs. J. Simpson and Mrs. Barriett,

Vice-Prest's.
Mrs. F.E. Cooper, Cor. Sec.
Miss A. A. Allen, Rec. Sec.

92

South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Date of Name of

Organization. Association.

July — , Relief

1861.

Of&cers, Etc.

Location.

Nov. 2, Bethel Soldiers' Relief
1861.

Mrs. Miller, Pres Ridgeville

Spartanburg Dist.
Mrs. Dr. Moore and Mrs. F. L.

Andrews, Vice-Pres'ts.
Miss Lizzie Rush, Sec. and Treas.

Mrs. L. C. Styles, Pres. . . . Woodruff
Spartanburg Dist.
Mrs. Drummond, Treas.
Miss F. E. Drummond, Sec.

1862. Soldiers' Aid .
Soldiers' Aid .

.... . . . . - Grassy Pond

Spartanburg Dist.

. . Mrs. Noah Webster, Pres., Gouchee Creek
Mrs. T. T. Wilkins and Mrs. A. S.
Webster, Vice-Pres'ts.

Aug.—, Soldiers' Aid and Relief. Mrs. Jefferson Choice, Pres. Spartanburg
1861.

1864. Knitting . . .
1861. Military Aid . . .

Aug. — , Relief

1861.

Miss Louisa Kerrison, Pres. . Spartanburg

. . Cross Anchor
Spartanburg Dist.

July — , Relief

1861.

Nov. — , Bethel Soldiers' Relief
1861.

Nov. — , Aid and Relief
1861.

Mrs. W. A. Allen, Pres. . Cedar Springs
Spartanburg Dist.

.... Ridgeville
Spartanburg Dist.

Aid and Relief ....

Mrs. L. C. Styles, Pres Woodruff

Spartanburg Dist.

Mrs. Dr. Mott, Pres Limestone

Spartanburg Dist.

Mrs. Perry Jackson, Pres. . North Pacolet
Spartanburg Dist.

The Committee also includes a report from the Hospital Aid Asso-
ciation and of the formation of the Central Association for the Relief
of Soldiers. These Associations were conducted by men, but the
means to carry them on were largely supplied by women, while with-
out these Associations the eflforts of the women would have been
incomplete.

Hospital Aid Association 93

Report of the

SOUTH CAROLINA

HOSPITAL AID ASSOCIATION

IN Virginia

1861— 1862

embracing report to Legislature, sketch of Hospitals,

Accounts, lists of contributions and catalogue of

deceased So. Ca. Soldiers

To the

Women of Carolina

to whose

Industry, sacrifices and liberality

are owing the bounties

of which

we have been the

Stewards

Richmond

Macfarlane & Ferguson

1862

Copied from pamphlet formerly in possession of the late H. D. DeSaussure,
Charleston. List of deceased soldiers omitted.

REPORT

Of the Committee of the South Carolina Association entrusted with

the balance of the fund given by Governor Pickens to the Colonels

of the South Carolina Regiments in Virginia.

By action of both houses of the Legislature at their last session

the sum of $13,482.50, being the unexpended balance of the fund

given by Governor Pickens in July, 1861, to the Colonels of the South

Carolina Regiments in Virginia, and approved of by the Legislature,

94 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

was turned over to the Executive Committee of the South Carolina
Hospital Aid Association, subject to the check of the chairman of
that committee. In its expenditure it was deemed best to confine it
to such permanent and general arrangements for the relief of the
sick and wounded as would furnish a basis for the application of con-
tributions from private generosity and enterprise and be impartially
available to all the troops from the State. It was, therefore, as the
annexed exhibit will show, mainly expended in the rent and furnish-
ing of the South Carolina Hospital, in the purchase of supplies in
bulk, and the transportation of agents, freights, etc.

For a succinct account of all our hospitals and of the work done
by the committees in behalf of the sick jind suffering, I refer to the
pamphlet accompanying this official report, which is designed both to
furnish an account of our stewardship to the different benefactors,
individual and associated, who have thought fit to make us the
medium of their patriotic charities — as well as to be a memorial of
the noble exertions and sacrifices of the women of our State in behalf
of their brave defenders.

It .will be seen by the financial statements contained therein, that
the voluntary contributions of the people have kept pace with the
bounty of the State, and have been used for the most part in defray-
ing incidental and current expenses.

Owing to the fact that the condition of the Hospitals generally have
become much improved of late under the vigorous, systematic, and
judicious exertions of the Medical Department, the necessity which
called for the establishment of private and State Hospitals has ceased
to exist. These were always designed by us to be temporary and
auxiliary to the Government arrangements. Not being embarrassed
by the technicalities incident to Government operations, we could
extemporize provisions for the sick and wounded ; and by reason of
our freedom of action and access to irregular sources and means of
supply, could relieve much suffering by the way, until more ample
and permanent arrangements could be effected. The application of
money, therefore, to the establishment of hospitals and homes for the
sick was thought judicious. But now that everything in the Medical
Department is systematized, and it is all important that uniformity
everywhere prevail and responsibility be nowhere divided, we have
deemed it equally wise to retire from the management of the Hos-
pitals, and to turn them over to the Government authorities, giving
them all of the furniture, etc., and assigning to them the liabilities for
rent, etc. This has also been done, I understand, with the hospitals

Hospital Aid Association 95

of other States. Still our work is not ended. Much of it is yet to be
done. The sick in Hospitals need other and better attention; more
and more costly nourishment than is afforded by the appointed
arrangements. There is too much suffering in the field during and
after battles before the slow machinery of a Government, bound by
rules and form, can come up to the rescue. Temporary field and
wayside provision for the sick are all important to the health and
spirits of the volunteer.

Then, too, clothing is as necessary to the sick as medicine. This is
to be supplied in addition to the quota drawn from the Regimental
Quartermaster.

The soldier is unversed in many of the intricacies of departments.
He needs a friend to aid him in drawing his pay — getting his fur-
lough or discharge — depositing his funds or baggage — writing to his
friends, or securing the remains of a fallen comrade.

Much baggage, valuable beyond computation now, has been lost
by the absence of some careful, interested custodian. Many boxes
richly freighted with articles of food and apparel, nowhere to be
obtained in camp, and full of inspiring and cheerful thoughts of home
and the fond ones he is defending, are destroyed or pilfered from the
soldier by the way, for want of safe transportation and forwarding.

The Executive Committee have, therefore, in retiring from the
management of individual hospitals retained their interest in the sick
wherever found, and the needy wherever known to he, and the
soldiers everywhere. They have established in Richmond a Hospital
Bureau and Baggage Depot, where they issue to all hospitals con-
taining Carolinians, what they most need in clothing and nourish-
ment — where they store all of the private effects of officers and men,
and where they receive and forward all supplies sent by friends at
home.

They are also the appointed agents of the Clothing Associations
throughout the State. They desire to have in their establishment an
apartment for housing any soldier who, arriving late, may be unable
to get any shelter for the night in the crowded hotels of Richmond —
to employ shoemakers, laundresses, and seamstresses, for repairing
and cleaning worn and soiled apparel — in short, to attend in any
and every way to the manifold and ever varying necessities of our
volunteers. The aid of the State patronage is, therefore, still solic-
ited. Other States are awake to the importance of this parental
regard for their sons. The State of Georgia appropriated, a year ago,
$200,000. The State of Alabama gave to that public spirited matron,

96 South Carolina Women in the CoNFEDEiiAcy

Mrs. Hopkins, $30,000, and the Governors of North Carolina have
pledged the State to an unlimited amount in provisions for the sick
and destitute of her troops.

And the Palmettoans wfill be equally favored by their mother. In
behalf of the soldiers of our country, the wounded in the field, the
sick in Hospitals — in behalf of the anxious and tender hearts at
home — in behalf of the work in which your committee are willing to
wear their lives out rather than let it fall through — they ask the
liberal provisions of the present Legislature. The people will do
much, are doing much; but we must have something more definite
and reliable than the occasional outpouring of public sympathy and
charities. The money appropriated will be carefully husbanded and
judiciously used, and closely accounted for. All that is asked is that
it should not be appropriated for a specific purpose, but so generally
as to be available everywhere, and for any emergency that may arise.

R. W. Barnwell, Jr.,
G. H. McMaster,
M. LaBorde,
T. A. Lafar,
G. W. Hicks,
E. E. Jackson,
Ex. Com. of S. C. Hosp. Asso'n.
R. W. Barnwell, Jr., Chairman S. C. Hospital Association, in account
with the State of South Carolina.

Dr.
To amount received by check of Hon. W. H. Gist,

Chief of Finance of Executive Council $13,482 50

By rent 11 months of S. C. Hospitals at Charlottesville:

Monticello (80-100 patients) $ 458 33

Soldiers Homes Harris house (100-125) 550 00

Midway (80-100 patients) 594 00

By 3 months rent of Soldiers' Home, Mrs. Dunkum's (40

patients) 105 00

By 2 months, Mrs. Daniels (40 patients) 70 00

By 2 months, Mrs. Fitches (25 patients) 60 00

By 10 months rent Manchester Hospital (200-400

patients) including tents 750 00

By 3 months rent Warren Springs Hospital (125

patients) 300 00

Amount carried forward $ 2,887 33

Hospital Aid Association 97

Amount brought forward $ 2,887 33

Furniture of

Monticello $601 76

Soldiers' Home 212 90

Warren Springs (in part) 258 94

Petersburg. . .' 64 62

Manchester (in part) 603 00

1,751 22
Rent and furniture of Bureau

at Charlottesville $15274

at Richmond 445 00

597 74
Freight, postage and telegraph from Bureau at

Charlottesville (in part) $337 00

from Richmond 330 04

667 04

Amount carried forward $ 5,903 33

Amount brought forward $ S)903 33

Traveling agents, nurses and employees for hospitals

at Charlottesville $152 74

in Richmond - 230 "j"]

in Petersburg 139 15

in Warren Springs 312 90

1,229 82

Purchases of sugar, tea, nourishment, wines,

and brandies for Manchester hospital $662, 00

for other hospitals. So. Ca. and general. . 920 00
of horse and wagon and expenses for 3

months 640 00

2,220 00

Expenses for freight, postage, telegraph service

and purchases while established at Peters-
burg $165 66

165 66

$ 9,520 81
Balance on hand, Nov. ist, 1862 3.9^1 69

$13,482 50

7

98 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

REPORT.

On the fourth day of July, 1861, a proposition was made by the
Rev. R. W. Barnwell, with the advice of Dr. M. LaBorde, to Presi-
dent Davis, and to the Surgeon General, Dr. Camden DeLeon, to give
permission and countenance to the establishment of hospitals along
the line of our defences, under the care of certain ladies and gentle-
men of our State, who had volunteered for the work.

It did not meet with such approval as was desirable, and the
scheme was deemed impracticable and promotive only of confusion
and evil ; and it was said that it could not promise any permanent
relief and was calculated to impede rather than promote, the opera-
tions of the Medical Department of the Army.

But the sickness which broke out so fearfully among our troops,
together with the great lack of provisions for our wounded at the
battle of Manassas, induced still further effort ; and since the author-
ity to establish hospitals was withheld, the idea was entertained to
establish a Depository for furnishing hospitals, wherever they might
be located, with all manner of aid in the way of attendance, nour-
ishment, and clothing.

The hearty concurrence of the very able and successful Medical
Director of the Army of the Potomac, Surgeon Thos. H. Williams,
in this plan, together with his counsel as to the best mode o.f pro-
cedure, and promise of assistance, induced us to establish a colony
of Carolinians near one of the main hospitals of Northern Virginia,
and to open a Bureau for the reception and distribution of hospital
stores which might be contributed by the people of our State. Cul-
pepper was first chosen, but for good reasons Charlottesville was
subsequently selected as a more eligible site. A dwelling house was
promptly secured, nearest the largest hospital in that town, and a
store house in convenient proximity.

Telegraphs and letters appealing for aid and suggesting the or-
ganization of district and village "Soldiers' Relief and Hospital Aid
Associations" were dispatched. The valuable co-operation of several
energetic and philanthropic gentlemen who happened to be in Rich-
mond, prominent among whom were Mr. Wm. C. Bee, the lamented
George M. Coffin, Professor Rivers of the South Carolina College,
and Dr. Richard North of Charleston, was secured.

The express quickly brought in respon-se to our telegrams lot upon
lot of valuable boxes, containing sheets, pillow cases, towels, wines.

Hospital Aid Association

99

brandies, gelatine, knives and forks, plates and spoons — every neces-
sary of the sick couch — every comfort of the sick room.

Dr. Branch of Abbeville came on immediately after, with thirty-
six cases from the prompt and energetic Abbevillians, and added the
valuable efforts of Mrs. Branch and Mrs. Turner to the work
already inaugurated by Mrs. Singleton and her daughters, the late
Mrs: Haskell and Mrs. Barnwell.

The field of labor proved a vast and most interesting one, and
we were daily reinforced by personal, monetary and material aid.

Dr. Bissell of the Palmetto Guards and Mr. Stedman, a student
of medicine, Mr. Carr of Charleston, Mr. Latimer of Abbeville, Mr.
Jones from the firm of Stevenson & Co., Mr. Jackson, so well known
for his labors in Norfolk during the yellow fever epidemic, and
who is acting the same noble part now in Wilmington, on temporary
leave from the Petersburg Hospital, formed our little colony.

It then became necessary to obtain an additional residence for our
Corps. Nurses were sent us by the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation of Charleston, and from every village in the State contribu-
tions poured in, until our shelves were overflowing. The business
capacities and habits of Messrs. Coffin and Bee set on foot a plan of
systematic accounts and records, which has enabled us in the midst
of much hurry and confusion, to preserve a valuable record of our
transactions.

The premises hired by us included a two-story wooden building
near the railroad, and this we fitted up as a wayside shelter for the
sick, who were brought to Charlottesville at all hours of the day
and night and were compelled often to lie out in sun or rain until
arrangements for their removal could be perfected. Here we enter-
tained in a short time no less than 200 patients who were medically
treated by Dr. R. North. Not long after our establishment Dr. J. L.
Cabell, the surgeon in charge of the hospitals in Charlottesville, made
a proposition to put under our care a building he had just leased for
a hospital, which had all the conveniences of a private dwelling,
and which, with the many resources at our disposal, could be made
a home for our sick. We readily consented, and Dr. North took
MMofficial charge of it, and thus indirectly was established the first
private hospital in Virginia — the "Midway" — known to every Caro-
linian in the old Army of the Potomac as the pleasantest spot, except
his own home, for the sick and suffering soldier.

Towards the latter part of September a movement was made in
the State, and also by the South Carolinians in Richmond, to increase

loo South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

our hospital accommodations, and in accordance with an arrangement
made by the Surgeon General with the Georgia State Association
permission was granted us to establish other hospitals, paying for
rent and furniture, with the privilege of nominating surgeons for a
Confederate commission who should draw rations and medical
supplies, and contract for nurses, at the Government expense. A
building was secured in Manchester and promptly organized by
Drs. J. J. Chisolm and B. Fishburne, the appointed surgeon and
assistant surgeon. The buildings so well known in Charlottesville
as Mrs. Dunkum's, Mrs. Daniels's and Mrs. Harris's, and used for
a generation back as boarding houses for students, were rented, with
all their furniture and conveniences, and the services of two of the
ladies secured as matrons. The lines of the Orange and Alexandria
and Manassas Gap railroads were also thoroughly explored for suit-
able locations for hospitals nearer to the field than Charlottesville
or Richmond, and after fruitless search in every village from Gor-
donsville to Winchester, a large building was found lying at the
Warren Springs, but a mile from the Manassas Gap railroad, between
Front Royal and Strasburg.

Temporary accommodations for sick were also made at Salem, and
shortly after the Monticello House was added to the Charlottesville
group. Something like an association was formed by the various
gentlemen who met together in Richmond, sufficiently formal and
distinct to prevent dispersion qr collision of action on the part of
the people of the State, yet sufficiently free and voluntary in its action
to escape the deadening influences of red tape and bureau techni-
calities and restraints.

The Executive Committee was composed of the active working
members of the Association. All such, and none but such, were
vested with the control of our operations.

The effect of these arrangements upon the spirits of the men in
the field was manifest. They no longer deemed themselves neglected
or of little moment. They felt the kindness of their people in looking
after their wants. The sight of Carolinians by their bedsides
cheered and gladdened their hearts; the presence of bed clothing
and curtains, crockery and toilet conveniences from their own homes
and families, brought up a train of pleasant and wholesome associa-
tions. Gradually the feeling of being neglected by their Government
and the indifference, and indeed disgust of the service, which began
seriously to affect our army, passed off, and we have had the assur-
ance from officers and men that our hospitals had done more to

Hospital Aid Associatiok ioi

promote re-enlistments than all the appeals of Generals or Legis-
latures or Congress !

The interest which the patrons and friends of these hospitals, in
the army and at home, manifest towards them, induces us to give a
sketch of each in detail.

The Hospitals.

(i) The Midway derived its name from its position on a knoll
midway between the Court House at Charlottesville, and the Uni-
versity. It was a private boarding house of much favor, and with
its large rooms, airy passages, commanding prospect, and double
piazzas, was a place one would choose to be sick and get well in.
It was our first hospital, and no pains were spared to make it com-
plete in every respect. The Ladies' Christian Association sent us
on a steward and a matron. We had experienced nurses from
Charleston. Mr. E. E. Jackson acted as apothecary, and Dr. Richard
North as surgeon. Dr. LaBorde was a daily visitor and everything
was done to banish from the mind and senses the associations, the
thought, the appearance of a lazaretto.

We received a most invaluable accession just after opening the
building, in the persons of Mrs. Rion of Winnsboro, and Mrs. McAl-
pine of Spartanburg, who acted for awhile as nurses. The latter
soon gave way under the severities of the labor, and was com-
pelled to return. Mrs. Rion, after the retirement of Dr. Rivers and
his estimable lady, assumed the place of matron and still holds it;
and a more efficient, patriotic, able, kind, authoritative manager is
nowhere to be found. Her management is "sui generis." No one
can imitate it ; no one surpass it. In neatness, cheerfulness, economy,
order, successful nursing, it has always been the first of our hos-
pitals and it has been said by numberless visitors to be the first of
all the hospitals in Virginia. To this the kindly and faithful nursing
of Mrs. Pope of Abbeville contributed no little, but the secret spring
which has ever given its peculiar character to the Midway is un-
questionably the genius of the very remarkable woman who presides
there.

Various surgeons have been in charge of this hospital. To Dr.
North succeeded Dr. Theodore Gourdin, a gentleman of unassuming
character yet unusual medical attainment; accomplished in all the
learning of the profession and most happy in its application. It
was to the great regret of every member of the Association that ill

I02 South Cajrolina Women in the Confederacy

health caused him to return to the South with the approach of win-
ter, and that apprehension of disease still withholds him from his
country's service. Dr. Charles Carter, an elderly practising phy-
sician of Charlottesville, who held a Surgeon's commission in the
War of 1812, was also in charge for some months, and was suc-
ceeded by Dr. James Mcintosh, a young graduate of the Medical
College of Charleston. Under both of these gentlemen disease
yielded to the touch, and death and suffering relaxed their sway.

The records of the Midway are among the best of our rolls. It
was truly with pain we visited this favorite place to turn it over
to the medical authorities. It was like parting with a pet child,
but Mrs. Rion still continues there, assisted by Mrs. Clark of
Charleston, and this is a link with the past. I believe it is designed
to surround the Midway with a group of sheds or cabins such as are
erected at the Delaware, Chimborazo, and Camp Winder, and thus
make it a nucleus of accommodation for 500 or 600 sick.

(2) Soldiers' Home was a name we gave, to avoid the unpalatable
name of hospital, to the boarding houses near the University at
Charlottesville, formerly used by the students attending that institu-
tion. There were three in number, and for a season we added a few
rooms from a fourth adjacent building. We rented them with all
the furniture and kitchen and table arrangements, and in two
instances secured the services of the very estimable ladies who owned
the establishments. Our object was to banish from the mind of
the sick one all association of police and restraint and merciless laws
and regulations, and to engender all the home feelings so favorable
to speedy convalescence. This was effectually done in many in-
stances, and those who were fortunate enough to be inmates of the
Dunkum House or the Harris House will always carry with them
fond and grateful remembrances of Mrs. Dunkum, Mrs. Robinson,
Mrs. McFie, Mrs. Waties, Mrs. Madray, Mrs. Lott, Miss Clarke,
and Mrs. Becaes.

This group of buildings accommodated 175 to 225 patients. Only
three or four, and frequently but three, occupied a single room. The
mortality here was unusually slight, and the entire arrangement
proved as beneficial to the health as it was agreeable to the taste and
feelings. Religious services were wont to be held from house to
house, and the plan was most favorable to private prayer and devo-
tion. The surgeons in charge of these hospitals were Dr. Rembert
and Dr. Gourdin for a time, and afterwards Dr. R. E. Walker of
Beaufort, Dr. W. Thompson of Greenville, Dr. Teague and Dr.

Hospital Aid Association 103

Arthur as apothecaries, and Dr. Carter of Charlottesville as contract
physician. It was at one of these houses, the Ivy house, that one
of the saddest incidents connected with our work occurred, and
the remembrance of that costly sacrifice has more than once come
over our hearts with something like reproach for having induced it.

It was here that little Emmy Robinson, the youngest child of Mrs.
Susan Robinson, who had left her home in Charleston to come on
with family and servants, to live in a hospital for the soldiers' sake,
drooped and died. She had been the light of the household, the
soldiers' pride ; she teased them, she scolded them, she cheered them,
she sang to them and read to them. I can never forget the New
Year's evening when, mounted upon the table in the dining hall,
she held up in her hand the New Year's gift for each soldier, and
reading out his name, tossed him a pair of socks, a pincushion, a
kerchief or pocket comb, with a merry speech or saucy joke. But
when the deep snows of January came they chilled her warm heart
and froze her gay laugh in death.

Many a noble and promising son of the South has drooped beneath
the shadows of the Ivy House; many a strong and stalwart form
lies prostrate in the nearby University burial place; many a brave
and gallant idol of mother's and comrades' and kindred's hearts
has been carried out from the Soldiers' Home to that Home from
which there is no returning.

Six hundred and sixty-four of the brightest and best of the offer-
ings of Southern homes and firesides have been offered upon their
country's altar in that classic village — but

"The noblest thing that perished there
Was that young and faithful heart."

(3) The Monticello was formerly the main hotel in Charlottesville,
and consisted of two very large buildings capable of holding 300
patients with comfort. No less than five hundred were thrown into
it in the early summer of 1861, with scarce a provision for their
reception ; and the number of deaths, together with the breaking out
of typhoid fever, caused it to be abandoned and fixed upon it a
deep-rooted prejudice.

For months, we looked at the spacious pile across from our resi-
dence, and notwithstanding its many admirable qualifications, we
dreaded resuming the experiment of reopening it for the sick. The
approach of winter, however, together with the necessity of increas-
ing, and the difficulty of obtaining accommodations, induced us
finally to make the trial.

104 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

It was scraped and cleaned and whitewashed from garret to cellar
and made ready for the sick by December. While completing the
furniture of the older portion, a fire broke out and destroyed for
all use one-half of the building. A merciful Providence seemed to
protect us in this alarming accident. Of the loo invalids in the
building at the time, roused up at night, many of them from their
beds, and carried in arms or on litters to the neighboring houses,
not one suffered inconvenience. Three of them whose lives were
despaired of, and who were scarcely expected to live the night out,
were in a wonderful manner started into life again, and subsequently
recovered.

The Monticello was fortunate in being so near our abode. Its
inmates were objects of daily thought and concern to all of the com-
mittee, but mainly to Mrs. Lesesne of Charleston and to Mrs. Bacot
of Society Hill, and Miss Habersham of Beaufort, who supervised
the wards, the diet and the laundry, under the directions and con-
stant personal attention of our humane and accomplished surgeon.
Dr. E. J. Rembert of Sumter, was the comfort and success of the
establishment owing. Dr. Rembert, in addition to his office duties
as director of all the South Carolina Hospitals, performed those of
physician to the Monticello, and had frequently under his charge the
patients of Midway and the Soldiers' Home. By some mistake he
received the appointment of Assistant Surgeon only, though per-
forming all the duties, and fully entitled to the rank of Surgeon
in full.

The condition of the building has never been as neat and orderly
as the Midway, or as homelike as the Soldiers' Home, but it never-
theless maintained a popularity among our soldiers, and how could
it be otherwise when cheered daily by the buoyant spirits and smiling
face of Mrs. Lesesne, and the quiet but unceasing devotion of Mrs.
Bacot.

The fire destroyed the dietary department which had been elab-
orately fitted up for Miss Habersham, but she continued, in addition
to her housekeeping duties at the Maupin House, to supply nourish-
ment and delicacies to the sick at the Monticello.

(4) Warren Springs Hospital is situated at the Warren Springs,
forty-five miles from Manassas, midway between Strasburg and
Front Royal, places now familiar to every Southern fireside. It was
a popular watering place and resort of the people of the Valley of
Virginia, a large three-story building, with capacious ball room
and dining room, thirty or forty comfortable chambers and triple

MISS ANNIE SIMPSUN, Ob' CHARLESTON, PROMINENT IN SOLDIBRS' RELIEF
ASSOCIATION, AND UNE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE ADAMS RUN HOSPITAL.

Hospital Aid Association 105

piazzas in front and rear. We hired it with all its furniture and
designed to make it a winter home for our disabled soldiers. Dr.
William Post was put in charge as surgeon and was assisted for
a while by Dr. F. M. Robertson, Jr., of our State. Rev. G. W.
Hicks represented the committee in supervising its household
arrangements, and to his love and habits of order its admirable
management was mainly due. He was assisted by Mrs. Waties of
Columbia, Miss Hart and Miss Foushee of Culpepper, and Miss
Virginia Davidson of Warren County. The house was a cold one
for winter, and required many expedients to keep it equally warmed,
but in every other respect it was all that the most fastidious taste
could reasonably desire. It was opened in November, 1861, and
received 174 patients, of whom twenty died.

Owing to a representation of Dr. Post's of its bleak position and
other alleged objections, the Surgeon General ordered it to be closed ;
but on a report of the Medical Inspector, Dr. Gaillard, approving
of its location, arrangements, comforts, in terms of the highest
praise, the order was recalled — ^too late, however, for us. The work
of disorganization had commenced, servants had been discharged,
and stores packed and ready for shipment to. Charlottesville.

We abandoned it on the 7th of March, 1862. Just at this time an
application was made by the Georgia Hospital Association, upon
the recommendation of the Medical Director, to secure the building,
and we transferred the lease to them.

The retreat from the line of the Manassas Railroad ensued imme-
diately after. Indeed our stores were moved away in the face of
the advancing enemy, and the Georgians were compelled to abandon
some of their furniture purchased from us. The building has never
been reopened, and we learn that in consequence of its having been
used by South Carolinians the Yankee hate of our State and people,
upon taking possession of the country, wreaked that wrath upon
the property which they would fain have poured out upon
Charleston.

The memory of our work at Warren is, alas, saddened by the
fact that Mrs. Waties here breathed her last from an attack of
pneumonia, taken in her devotion to her duty and her privilege — ^the
care of the sick. She was as truly a martyr as those that fell in the
gorge below, leading up to the heights upon which we hewed her out
a grave, when Jackson's cohorts routed the invading columns of the
marauders Banks and Shields. Like them, too, she died without a
murmur. She had gone to Virginia to be near her son, whom she

io6 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

had given to her country in the ranks of the Governor's Guards
from Columbia, and with the persuasion that other kind hands would
do for him, what she died in doing for others, her pure Christian
spirit passed to its joy and rest.

(5) Salem Hospital was only a temporary arrangement for the
accommodation of 100 sick soldiers at a time of great pressure for
room at the hospitals along the Orange and Alexandria and
Manassas Gap Railroads. Salem is a small town twenty or thirty
miles from the battlefield of Manassas. It contains few large houses
adapted for hospital purposes, and though frequently visited by
medical inspectors, had failed to offer any inducements for locating
there. In looking for the site of an additional hospital which was
to be in his charge. Dr. Isaac Branch deemed it, in some respects,
desirable, and under some misapprehension 100 sick South Caro-
linians were sent there for treatment before a single preparation was
made for them. Private houses were rented, however, and board
obtained for them, and Dr. Branch went very vigorously to work to
establish a permanent hospital.

The place, however, failed to recommend itself to any member of
the Committee. The Medical Director was unwilling to give his
sanction to its adoption. It was impossible to secure a commission
for the Surgeon essential to draw the rations and medical stores
for the sick, until the hospital was established and received. This
was unavoidably deferred, and Dr. Branch became dissatisfied and
thought it best to go home. Dr. Williams of Fairfax County was
left in charge, and while much expense had been incurred, and im-
provements begun were to be abandoned at a complete loss, we
deemed it judicious to discontinue any further operations, and to
send no rnore sick there. Of the 100 patients it is pleasant to state
that only two died, which is compensation enough for the large sum
of $641.00 expended at Salem.

(6) Wayside Hospital was the name we gave to large hospital
tents, which were pitched at Fairfax Station, for the shelter of the
sick who were brought from the camps to the railroad station to
take the early morning cars for the hospitals in the rear. No lan-
guage can portray the suffering endured by our sick soldiers before
this and other still more extensive provisions were made for housing
and feeding them, before they took the dreadful passage of thirty
to forty hours on boxcars for Richmond or Charlottesville. The
custom was to send them from camp the day before to Fairfax
Station, where they arrived at night. No shelter was here for their

Hospital Aid Association 107

weary and fevered heads, no food or stimulant for their fainting
bodies. They lay over all night often in rain and sometimes in the
burning sun the following day without one morsel of food and no
one to give them water from the lone and always crowded spring.
They were tumbled into box or platform cars from which grain
or bacon, or even horses, had been just removed; and mostly in
the chill and early morning before the light of day, were sent off
to Manassas Junction to meet the daily morning, or in case of deten-
tion, evening train. To lessen this evil we obtained, in Richmond,
two very large tents, and with one smaller one, and carrying down
beds and supplies with plank for flooring, in a car, we pitched in the
wild woods our Wayside Hospital.

The very first night — before our tents were well stretched upon
their poles, or fires lit, seventy sick from Jenkins's and Kershaw's
regiments came upon us. But tea and coffee were readily prepared — '■
though the beds were not made up, the canvas above kept off the
chilling poisonous dews ; an early morning repast was hastily
furnished some, fresh clothing given to others, provisions and
reviving wines supplied for the journey, and the dread of being "sent
back to the rear" began to pass off from the soldiers' fevered dreams.

Our expenses were small, but $399.00 in all, in money. The pro-
visions were supplied from our Bureau in Charlottesville and the
commissaries of the regiments. A cook and a nurse the entire force
to assist Mr. Jackson. But during the brief period of our stay no
less than 900 soldiers were bedded and fed, and dressed and put on
board the cars at Fairfax Station.

The order to fall back from the station to Manassas caused a
hasty striking of our tents ; and when we designed re-erecting them
at Manassas Junction, 100 hospital tents erected by the Medical
Director rendered our work unnecessary, and released Mr. Jackson
for other fields of labor.

(7) Manchester Hospital is situated at the terminus of the bridge
which spans the James River and connects Richmond with the town
of Manchester. It was originally a tobacco factory and capable of
accommodating 150 patients in the main building. An adjacent
house, formerly a store-house and connected with the factory by a
broad scaffolding, is used for dining-room, kitchen, and laundry.
It was organized by Dr. J. J. Chisolm, with the assistance of Dr.
Fishburne, in the month of October, 1861. The owner of the build-
ing, Mr. Pilkinton, whose residence was immediately adjoining, was
appointed steward, and to his untiring energy, acquaintance with

io8 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

business, influence among the citizens of Manchester, and uniform
urbanity, the early popularity and comfort of the Manchester hospital
were very much due.

Unfortunately for the continuity of the system inaugurated by Dr.
Chisolm, both he and Dr. Fishburne returned to Carolina early in
November, and the hospital passed in a very short space of time
into three or four different hands. Notwithstanding the excellent
qualities of Dr. George M. Rivers, who succeeded Dr. Chisolm, and
the diligent, attention of Dr. F. L. Parker, who filled the interval
between Dr. Rivers's resignation in January and the appointment
of Dr. Rives of Virginia, formerly of General Bonham's staff, in
the latter part of February; and in spite of the earnest endeavors
of the last named gentleman during the short weeks of his life;
much confusion and derangement took place in the details of the
management, and, after another interregnum filled with commend-
able zeal by Dr. Parker, Dr. Middleton Michel was appointed to the
place, in April, but found, with the pressure of the sick and wounded
from the camps and battlefields about Richmond, little time to bring
everything into definite order. On the 19th of June, while am-
putating an arm, he was inadvertently inoculated, and was for six
weeks in danger of life and limb, and for months incapacitated for
active duty. Mr. Pilkinton, too, fell sick at the same time, and was
for a long time near unto death. , •

It was most unfortunate for the good condition of the hospital.

The assistant surgeons applied themselves with the greatest devo-
tion to the wounded; as many as 300 were there at one time. The
statistics prove that no labor or skill were spared in dressing
wounds, in relieving their sufferings ; but all that related to the gov-
ernment and good order, and cleanliness of the establishment was
neglected, and a train of evils and abuses set in, which led finally
to a serious grievance and condemnation.

With a perfect knowledge of the case, the advantage of daily
observation, and a most sensitive regard to the welfare of the patients,
we can lay blame nowhere. The unfortunate illness of surgeon and
steward was the sole cause. Dr. Michel, though incapacitated for
active duty, entitled and urged to take a furlough ; yet for the sake
of giving the advantage of his advice and counsel, and at our most
earnest solicitation, remained in charge, and rendered inestimable
service in conferring with and directing the assistant surgeons, and
in giving his experience and counsel to many Carolinians who were
in private residences in the city, and within reach of his abode. Since

Hospital Aid Association 109

his recovery he has taken the reins fully in hand, upturning and re-
organizing every department. No establishment in Virginia now
promises more comfort to its inmates for the winter than the Man-
chester hospital.

Rev. G. W. Hicks has recently received the appointment of chap-
lain there, and will be in every way an acquisition.

We cannot speaJc in too high praise of the young medical gentle-
men who have been located there ; some from the beginning of the
hospital. Dr. Parker, Dr. Bissell, Dr. Jenkins, and Mr. Bird, also
Dr. Johnson, Mr. John Parker, and Dr. Butler of Edgefield. They
have evinced with a love for their profession a spirit of benevolence
and kindness to the sick, with not a trace of that official indifference
and ease which has been charged in the public prints upon the med-
ical staff. Dr. Bissell, it will be remembered, was among the first to
join us in our work, and a warmer heart, and abler nurse, was never
found by the bedside of the sick.

The cold weather has required the removal of the tents erected
by Dr. Michel, and the hospital has again contracted to its former
dimensions. It is much to be regretted that it cannot be enlarged
for winter use.

(8) Petersburg Hospital was opened at the recommendation of
the Surgeon General in April last, when the transference of the army
to the neighborhood of Richmond rendered it desirable to concen-
trate hospital accommodation in the various cities and towns near
the capital.

A very capacious factory, or rather a group of factories, was
secured through the efforts of Dr. T. A. Lafar, and bringing to our
aid the experience of the entire Committee it was in a week or so
cleansed and fitted up for the reception of the sick. It accommodated
450 patients with ease — is divided into seven large wards; has all
the advantages of water and gas; is admirably arranged in its
laundry and culinary departments ; is well heated in winter and well
ventilated in summer.

Dr. Broadinax, of the city of Petersburg, was the surgeon in
charge, and Dr. E. R. Walker was transferred from the Soldiers'
Home in Charlottesville as his assistant. Owing to some inaginary
difficulty in transporting the sick from Richmond, or the reluctance
of the Surgeon General to recognize and further the distribution of
those from the same States in the same hospital, very few of our
own troops have been sent to Petersburg. The hospital has
therefore sometimes been comparatively empty, and has been

I lo South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

most generally filled with North Carolinians. Most of our Com-
mittee are domiciled here. Mr. E. E. Jackson holds the place
of apothecary. Mr. Hicks has supervision of the wards. Miss
Hart from Warren, of the laundry, and Mr. and Mrs. McMaster
act in the capacity of hospital steward and matron. To the energy
and patient endurance of Mr. G. H. McMaster are unquestionably
due the great praise which has been lavished on the floor of Congress
and everywhere upon this Hospital. In fact, long and diversified
experience has taught us that upon the stewards depend mainly the
comfort, order and success of any hospital. To medical skill and
faithful, prudent nursing the recovery of serious cases are, of course,
mostly due. But the large number of patients in a hospital need
little medicine and less nursing, and the comfort, diet, and manage-
ment of these rest with the steward. Mr. McMaster has been offered
positions of rank and other advantages in the army, but has pre-
ferred to remain where he is, without either, but where he cannot
be spared.

The Bureau.

The object of this department of our operations has been already
stated to be the storage, assortment and distribution of such supplies
as may be needed by the sick and needy in the field or in hospital.
We have endeavored so far as was practicable in the whirl and
press of business to work systematically and to carry on the system
of bookkeeping commenced by Mr. Wm. C. Bee. This was, to have
an "Invoice Book," into which a Hst of the boxes with their con-
tents was copied, and an "Issue Book," in which all the articles
given out in gross and piecemeal were registered — a "Requisition
Book," into which were copied lists of all articles issued at the
counter upon personal application of a soldier or recommendation
of a surgeon, wardmaster, steward, or captain. These have been kept
up by different hands, but most of them are in the handwriting of
Professor Rivers, Mr. Jones, Dr. Gourdin, Mrs. Barnwell, and
Miss Habersham. They enable us to make the following interesting
abstract :

The Invoice Book records the contents of 876 packages received
from July, 1861, to November, 1862. Most of them were large-
some few ponderous. Many of them were valued at the time of
reception at $200— some at $500, and very few below $40. When
our books were laid before Mr. Jones, of the passport office in Rich-
mond, who was collecting such data, he estimated the average value

Hospital Aid Association hi

of the boxes at $ I GO. This was in September, 1861. Making allow-
ance for the enormous increase of value, especially in articles of
clothing, wines and medicines since then, we think it may be fair to
set them down at $250, and the contributions would thus mount up
to $219,000.00.

As a matter of interest, we annex an alphabetical list of individuals
or societies or districts from which we have received boxes. Many
of these are credited with several boxes. Ladies of Greenville, for
instance, with 15; Ladies' Association, Walterboro, with 16; Young
Men's Christian Association of Charleston, 64.* And under the head
of unknown we record near 200. In these cases the box has not
been sufficiently designated, or has borne only the railroad mark^ —
and if any person or district sending us boxes should miss them
from this list they should not consider them lost, as they may be
included in the "Unknown," or have been accredited to the district
or village rather than to the individual. Doubtless many of our
boxes have been lost, but not near so many as has been supposed.
During the period of the shipment through Messrs. Coffin and
Pringle we lost not over twenty, and under the arrangement we
adopted last summer of sending them to Columbia to the care of
Dr. LaBorde, and thence by a special agent to Richmond, we have
lost few, if any. It is strenuously urged that this mode of trans-
portation be used in every case.

List of Contributors.

A.

Abbeville. Allston, R. F. W.

Adger, Mrs. John. AUgood Society of Spartanburg Dis-

Aid Sec. So. Ca. trict.

Anderson C. H. Aid Soc, Abbeville.

Beach Island. Bishopville, Soldiers' Relief Asso.

Branch, Dr., brought by. Beaufort.

Barnwell Dist. Ladies' Asso. Blackville.

Bailey, Mr., from Edisto Island. Bennettsville.

Brewington. Barnwell C. H.

*It seems probable that this name should be "Ladies' Auxiliary Christian Association
of Charleston," which in the newspapers of the day is credited with many valuable boxes
sent to Mr. Barnwell. This Association met first at the hall of the Young Men's
Christian Association, and apparently grew from an auxiliary to that Association. Proba-
bly some confusion has arisen in consequence. — (.Note by Committee.)

112

South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Boozer, Mrs. S. P.

Broad River.

Boyd, B. D.

Bethany Relief Asso, of Edgefield.

Black River, Ladies of.

Bluffton Asso.

Betheden Aid Asso., Newberry.
Beverys, Mrs. H. E. and M. M.
Barnes, Jacob, Anderson.
Bryce, Mrs. John.

Charleston.

Charleston Y. M. Christian Asso.

Columbia, S. C.

Coffin, Mrs.

Cokesbury, S. C.

Chester, Ladies' Aid Asso.

Crawfordville.

Cheraw.

Cross Keys.

Camden.

Clarendon, S. C.

Crafts, T. G.

Culpepper, sent to.

Crofts, R.

Chaplin, E.

Charleston Aid Soc.

Calhoun Mills.

Cheves, T. L.

Cunningham, Mrs. A.

Claremont Aid Soc.

Cedar Springs Aid Soc.

Clarke and Wise, Mrs.

Clinton, Ladies of.

Clarke, Mrs. E. A., at Blackville.

Darlington, S. C.

Davis, A. E.

Donalds.

Dial and Smith, Mrs.

D.

Donaldsville.
Due West.
Dantonsville.
Dantonsville Aid Soc.

Eutawville.
Edisto Fork.

E.

Edgefield.

Enoree Mill Aid Soc.

Flat Rock.
Frog Level.

Fort Motte.
Fishing Creek.

Greenville, Ladies of.

Gray, James W.

Gillisonville.

Gibbs, Mrs.

Guignard, Mrs.

Grahams.

Goshen Hill. '

Grindale Shoals.

Greenwood.

Goose Creek, Ladies of.

Gourdin, P.

Griffin, Mrs. L B., and Mrs. I. D.

Mann.
Grahams, Ladies' Relief Asso.

Hamburg, Ladies of.
Hardeeville.

H.

Hospital Club, Anderson.
Hinton, Mrs.

Hospital Aid Association

"3

Indian Town Ladies' Relief Asso. lervey, Messrs. T. D. and L.

K.

Killet, E. F., St. Matthews Parish. King's Chapel, Laurens.

King Creek, Brighton.

L.

Levin, Mrs. L. T.

Lynchburg, S. C.

Laurens C. H.

Lunatic Asylum, Columbia.

Lawton, Mrs. Wm. M.

Lexington.

Longtown Rel. Soc.

Laurensville.

Lancaster, S. C.

Lansford.

Liberty Hall, Newberry Dist.

Legareville Soc.

Lamont Soc, Grahams.

Lowndesville Aid Soc.

M.

Maysville.

Marlboro, Ladies of.

Marion.

McAskin, Mrs.

McAskin, Wm., Abbeville.

Monterey.

Mountain Creek Home Guard Asso.

Mathews, Mrs. Edw.

Macon, Ga., Ladies' Relief.
Moore, W. A., Cokesbury.
Manning Aid Soc.
Morehead, James.
Milford, Ladies' Aid Soc.
Maysville, Salem Church.
Military Aid Soc. Laurens Dist.
Motte, J. W., Laurens C. H.

Newberry, S. C.
Nettles, Mrs.

N.

Ninety-Six.

o.

Orangeburg.
Odner.

Oakland Asso.

P.

Pendleton, S. C.
Privateer Sumter.
Piney Grove Congregation.
Pleasant Mount.
Palmer, Mrs. R. M.
Pomona.

Palmetto Aid Soc.
Pomaria.
Private family.
Providence.
Pratt, Mrs. John.

114

South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

R.

Reidville, Ladies of.

Rock Hill.

Richland, Miss.

Ridgeway.

Robertville.

Rolling Mill Church.

Rice, Mrs. Agnes B., Union Dist.

Rose, Mr. James.

Rel. Asso. Union Dist. ,

Rehoboth Aid Soc, Edgefield.
Rel. Asso., Ladies', Black Oak.
Rock Mill Bat, Anderson Dist., 4th
Regt. -S. C. Vols.

Summerville, Ladies of.

Sloan's Regt., for.

Soldiers' Relief Asso., Charleston.

Sumter Aid Soc.

Simmons, Mrs.

Spartanburg.

Salem.

Simmons & Bros.

Spring Town Church.

Standing Spring Church.

Sandsford.

Salem Church, Union.

S. Rights Asso., Charleston.

Simons, John H.

St. Matthews.

Statesburg.

Society Hill.

Seabrook, Mrs. Wm.

Trassier, Mrs.
Tuscania, Ala.
Trezevant, D.

Trapier, Richard.
Townsend's, I., family.
Temple of Health, Ladies of.

U.

Unknown, 197.

Upper Three Runs Soc.

Unionville, Ladies' Asso. of.
U. W., Pendleton.

W.

Waterloo Ladies' Asso.

Williamsburg.

Winnsboro Ladies' Asso.

Webb & Sage.

Williston.

Warrenton Aid Asso., A!

Walker, L C.

Wadmalaw.

Williamson, S. C.

Waring, Mrs. P. W.

Walterboro.

Woody Hill, Orangeburg.-

Whaley, Mrs., Charleston.

Wadsworth Aid Soc.

INITIALS.

I. H. T.

A. D.

X. Y. Z.

B. C. L. R. S.

Y. M. C. A.

R. A.

Abbeville.

Hospital Aid Association 115

In the distribution' of these supplies there were three modes — by
wholesale to Brigade or Regimental Hospitals in the field, or to
General Hospitals established anywhere in Virginia.

In this case we transmitted boxes as they came to us, directly to
the point needed, or we packed boxes ourselves of assorted stores.
In this way we sent hundreds of cases to Bonham's Brigade, Hamp-
ton's Legion, Culpepper, White Sulphur Springs, Winder Hospitals,
Warrenton, Winchester, etc. Another mode was to supply special
hospitals or companies with what they needed and for which they
made application. Thus we furnished all of our hospitals with all
of their furniture, bed clothing, and whatever of nourishment was
required. Thus we supplied Chimborazo, Winder, Manchester,
Captain Bradley's Company, Palmetto Guards, etc.

A third mode was to furnish from the counter to each soldier in
person or by messenger, whatever he needed. These requisitions
are written on scraps of paper and filed, and subsequently transferred
to a register ; and as a sample of which I annex a page taken from
the October-November issue. Besides this numberless articles were
distributed by us in our visits to the hospitals, of which no account
has been taken.

And in this way the entire mass of contributions, save what lies
upon our shelves, has been scattered far and wide, carrying relief
and good cheer to the gallant and sufifering sons, brothers and hus-
bands of our people.

Page from Third Volume Requisition Book:

5695 — 100 shirts, 100 prs. drawers, for soldiers of S. Ca. Regts. at Carnp
Winder Hospital (list filed).
Nov. 9th, 1862. T. A. Lafar..

5697 — 2 bushels hominy, I bushel Irish potatoes, for the Manchester Hospital.

Nov. lOth, 1862. MiDDLETON MlCHEL, Surg.

5698 — I can tomatoes, i bottle blackberry cordial, i bottle vinegar, to St.
Charles Hospital.
Nov. nth, 1862. R. W. Barnwell, Jr.

5699 — I keg pickles, 3 bottles blackberry cordial, i cake mutton suet, 4 lbs.
mustard.
Nov. I2th, 1862. J. B. Parker, Act. Hos. Steward.

5700 — 27 shirts, I pr. drawers, i pr. socks, i pr. pants, for W. F. Lipscombe,
Co. F, i8th S. C. Regt.
Nov. i2th, 1862. J. B. Stovall, Surg. Winder Hos.

ii6 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

In the conduct of the Bureau all have taken a share — all of those
connected with us in the work, divided the labors and also the un-
restrained privilege of giving according to discretion to the needy
or suffering. All that was enjoined was to keep a record of what
was done and place it on file. To Dr. T. A. Lafar, however, fell
the burden of duties in this department. Besides attending to the
general weal of the Association in the absence of the Chairman,
disbursing funds and performing many of the duties of Hospital
Steward, he was specially intrusted with the care of the Bureau,
and faithfully has he performed his manifold duties.

Nor must we forget to mention in this place our mirthful, humor-
ous, hard-working and faithful clerk, D. H. Miscally. In packing
and unpacking, assorting and folding ; at the railroad depots and in
the camps ; as nurse, traveling agent or caterer, he was indispensable ;
and the conscript law which forced upon his conscience the feeling
that he ought to be serving his State with his musket on his shoulder,
inflicted a severe blow to us, in taking him away. Would he were
with us now ! In our clothing department he would be invaluable.

Finances.

We had hoped to put upon permanent record here the liberal
donations in money which have poured in to us in aid of this noble
work, but having been disappointed in getting all of the lists from
our various receiving agents — and these lists, on account of the
number of small offerings (widows', poor men's, and orphans'
mites), being long — and most of the acknowledgments having been
already made in some of the public prints ; we have, therefore, given
only the amounts total received through various hands.

By this it will be seen that the voluntary contributions of the
State to us have been large, amounting to $32,512.61 (See Table A).
To this is to be added the donations of the State, amounting to
$18,432.50 (See table A), making in all $50,995.11. Of this we have
expended $28,883.83 (See table B), and have on hand for future
operations $22,111.28. We have been chary of our means, for we
have felt that the day of plenty was behind us, and we could see no
end to the necessities of the future; but we have not been slack
where the occasion demanded, to pour forth liberally of our hoarded
bounties. Economy and prudence are most essential at this time, for
we get but one dollar where before we got two, and we must give
four for what once cost but one.

[There follows here a long account of receipts and expenditures,
which we omit. — Committee.]

Hospital Aid Association 117

The Present and Future.

In the Report to the Legislature, prefacing this report, it is stated
that we no longer have any hospitals under our management, and
the reasons for turning them over to the Confederate authorities are
therein given. But while we have ceased to take care of hospitals
we have not ceased to watch over the Carolinians in hospitals. From
our Bureau established in Richmond we are issuing daily to any
hospital in the city where Carolinians are inmates, anything they
may need for their better comfort and condition. We seek out the
needy and send them clothing or delicacies ; we fill all requests from
soldiers visiting us, for any of the supplies which may be on our
shelves. We also keep up our correspondence with the hospitals in
the provinces, and regiments in the field, and send to them all that
we have to alleviate or cheer. Our Bureau occupies the lower floor
of a large three-story building admirably situated in the great
thoroughfare street of Richmond. There we have arranged upon
shelves all the manifold bounties sent on for our sick, wounded or
needy. Above, we have an entire floor appropriated to the clothing
sent on for troops in the field by the Central or other Associations.
And in the third story we store away in order and security such
private baggage as our troops cannot take with them, but which
they desire to have access to from time to time.

Our design is to do all we can, and in every way we can, to help
the soldier, and so long as contributions of money and of stores flow
in to us, we never lack opportunity of appropriating them to good
use. We solicit, then, a continuance of the liberality of our people.
We want funds. We want supplies of any and all kinds. There is
nothing, absolutely nothing, which is not available in some way to
the sick; even barks have served their good turn, and old rags are
in daily demand.

Because the State is awakening to her duty, let not the people go
to sleep over theirs. Strengthen our hands then, generous women
of Carolina, again as you have done till now, and for all your sacri-
fices and offerings He that blessed the cup of cold water will bless
you.

R. W. BARNWELL, Jr.,
In behalf of So. Ca. Hosp. Aid Asso.

[This in the original pamphlet is followed by a list of those who
died in South Carolina Hospitals in Virginia, 1861-1862.]

1 18 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

In the bound volume of Legislative pamphlets belonging to Mr.
H. DeSaussure, and containing the Report of the South Carolina
Hospital Association, is also an account of the formation of the Cen-
tral Association for the Relief of the Soldiers of South Carolina :

"The plan and address adopted by the Citizens of Columbia,
Oct. 20th, 1862, and published by Evans & Cogswell of Charleston,
in 1862."

Dr. M. LaBorde, Chairman. Rev. Wm. Martin.

Hon. John Townsend. John A. Crawford, Esq.

Hon. Wm. F. DeSaussure. E. L. Kerrison, Esq.

Rev. B. M. Palmer. Dr. John Fisher.

Rev. P. J. Shand. H. C. Bronson, Esq.

"Public Meeting, Columbia, Oct. 20th, 1862.

"At a public meeting held this day in the City Hall to receive the
report of the Committee appointed at an adjourned meeting on the
8th of October to devise some plan for the relief of our suffering
soldiers in the Army, Dr. M. LaBorde was requested to take the
chair, and Edward Hope, Esq., to act as secretary.

"Hon. John Townsend, as chairman of the committee, stated
that they had found it necessary to correspond with the authorities
in Richmond, and found upon a moderate calculation that South
Carolina had 10,000 soldiers in Virginia in a destitute condition;
that the constant demands of the army had well nigh exhausted
supplies."

The report of the committee was then submitted.

The committee appointed to devise some plan by which relief may
be provided and sent to our suffering soldiers in the most practical
manner and with the least possible delay, and that they report the
plan to the consideration of our citizens at a meeting to be called
for that purpose at an early day, make the following report :

"That the situation of our army and the near approach of winter
demand immediate and prompt action. We earnestly recommend
to the benevolent, patriotic citizens of every District in the State to
call meetings at their respective court houses and organize a Central
District Committee. This committee to appoint energetic and public
spirited citizens in all sections of the District whose duty it shall be
to collect all articles of clothing and supplies for our soldiers in the
army and hospitals, or money, as may be most needed at the time ;
and to see personally to the delivery of the same to the chairman
of the Central Committee of their District, whose duty it will be to

Hospital Aid Association i 19

transmit the same to the chairman of the Central Committee of the
State to be located in Columbia, as hereinafter to be more particularly-
designated — the transmission of these articles, money, etc., to be
made at such times and in such a way as to insure their prompt and
safe delivery to the committee in Columbia, to be directed and
delivered to the chairman of the said Central Committee in Columbia,
who will duly acknowledge the receipt of the same.

"We further recommend that a central committee of ten gentlemen
be appointed by the chairman of this meeting, whose duty it shall
be to act for the City of Columbia and the District of Richland,
discharging the same duties as above recommended to the different
Districts in our State, and in addition to these duties to secure a
depot for the reception and security of all articles forwarded to
the chairman of said committee. In the arrangement of the depot
in Columbia, which shall be under the immediate control and direc-
tion of the committee, all articles and packages sent to companies
or individuals to be kept separate from all general contributions, so
that their safe delivery will be the better secured by the persons to
whom they are directed."

Then follow more particular directions as to the method of collect-
ing and distributing help to the soldiers — then a long and eloquent
address to the people of the State in behalf of their destitute soldiers,
giving A tragic account of the state of things in the field and urging
the necessity for help from everyone. Many South Carolinians were
appointed at leisure.

A special appeal is made to the women. "They (the soldiers),
it is stated in the public prints, have marched hundreds of miles and
fought and helped to win battle after battle, and now they are nearly
naked, having lost and worn out the little clothing and blankets they
had. An eye witness says, T have seen many a South Carolinian
going about without the sign of a shoe, coat, or blanket.' "

The report and address are signed by

John Townsend, Chairman. W. A. Harris.

J. L. Reynolds. W. F. DeSaussure.

J. C. Lyons. Andrew Crawford.

S. R. Black. C. R. Bryce.

Wm. Reynolds. J. W. Parker.

John Fisher. Wm. Martin.
Thomas Davis.

The Rev. R. W. Barnwell moved the adoption of report and ad-
dress, seconded by Hon. W. F. DeSaussure. It was moved that

I20 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the Central Committee consist of ten, and the chairman of the meet-
ing was made chairman of the Central Committee with powers to
appoint at leisure

committee.

Dr. M. LaBorde, Chairman. Rev. Wm. Martin.

Hon. John Townsend. John A. Crawford, Esq.

Hon. Wm. F. DeSaussure. E. L. Kerrison, Esq.

Rev. B. M. Palmer. Dr. John Fisher.

Rev. P. J. Shand. H. C. Brown, Esq."

Mrs. Mary A. Hixntt and "W^hat She Did for tKe Pre-

ser-vation of tKe 5tate Records

of iSoutH Carolina.

Mrs. Mary A. Huntt was a Miss Wells, a native of South Carolina,
and the wife of W. R. Huntt, who was Secretary of State for South
Carolina from 1862 to 1865.

When Sherman's Army was approaching Columbia, Mr. Huntt,
realizing the value of the public records in his office, set to work to
save them, and was ably assisted in this patriotic task by his wife.

They took their private wagons and filled them with the State
records, and those records which had been sent from Charleston to
Columbia, and conveyed them to Chester, where they hid them in a
swamp nearby. This hiding place was never discovered, and thus
these priceless historical records have been preserved for South
Carolina.

From February i6th till June ist, Mrs. Huntt kept in her personal
possession, for want of a safer place, the original great seal of the
State and the original ordinance of secession. In April, while she
was at the hotel in Spartanburg, Stoneman's raiders entered that
town and took the hotel for their headquarters. In order that her
precious charges might not be discovered, she concealed the ordinance
of secession on her person, and with a pen-knife, on Sunday, cut the
letters, "Secretary of State, S. C," from the lid of the box containing
the great seal.

The Huntts, after hiding the records near Chester, returned to
Columbia with their children by way of a boat on the Congaree River.
When they arrived in the city they found that their home and house-
hold belongings had all been burned and that Mr. Huntt's mother
and sister had been obliged, during that awful night of the burning
of Columbia, to seek shelter under some nearby trees.

MISS MARY ANN BUIE.

The Soldiers' Friend 121

These public-spirited citizens had saved State property and had
lost all their personal eflfects in the common calamity which over-
whelmed their community.

[These items are given by Mrs. F. G: Burkheister, a sister of Mr.
Wm. R. Huntt.]

Miss Mary Ann Btiie, THe Soldiers* Friend.

The history of the Hfe of Miss Mary Ann Buie, like that of hun-
dreds of other noble Confederate women, is about to sink into obscu-
rity, for the reason that what she did for South Carolina soldiers
was thought to be of importance for the local needs alone, no one
ever dreaming that false accusations would arise against the South-
ern people, which could only be refuted by facts testifying to the
heroism displayed in those days of '6i-'6^.

Today, through the historical endeavors of the Daughters of the
Confederacy and the Confederate Veterans, these facts are being
collected, and for this collection we prepare this small tribute to Miss
Buie in order that her name may live through her benefactions to
South Carolina soldiers.

Mary Ann Buie was born in Wilmington, N. C. ; the date of her
coming to South Carolina is not known, but she spent the four years
of the war in Aiken and Edgefield Counties. She was a woman of
some means, and Mrs. James Turner testifies to the fact that from
her private purse she uniformed an entire company. However, she
spent her all on the soldiers and in 1865 was without a penny. It
was her idea to travel from point to point on the trains, nursing and
aiding the soldiers in the different hospitals, and I have heard many
soldiers tell how, when weary and footsore, they would be refreshed
by Miss Buie's kindness in looking after their physical comfort.
She was known as the "Soldiers' Friend," and traveled up and down
on the trains free of charge, as all the conductors saw her good
works and recognized her valuable services to the sick and wounded
Confederates on their trains.

When the war was over she opened a young ladies' seminary in
Edgefield. This failed ; she then took up music teaching, living from
house to house as she taught her pupils.

She died in Aiken, S. C, of some infectious disease, and was
buried in the darkness of night in the Methodist Church yard there.
When the Johnston Chapter, U. D. C, was organized, on the testi-
mony of Mrs. Thomas Bacon, that "I know of no one woman in

122 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

South Carolina that did as much for our soldiers as Miss Mary Ann
Buie," that Chapter was named in honor of her, and they have
marked her grave in Aiken with a suitable monument, the Edward
Croft Chapter of Aiken assisting them in arranging for suitable exer-
cises in the unveiling of the monument. The inscription on the
monument is merely her name and the title given her by the people,
namely, "The Soldiers' Friend."

Mrs. Jas. H. White,
President Mary Ann Buie Chapter, U. D. C,

Johnston, S. C.

■Slavery, as I Have Kno^vn It.

Written for the Historical Society of Camden, March 8, 1905,

I have been asked to write upon the social relations of master and
slave in the old South, and have had it urged upon me as a "bounden
duty," the plea being that should we, who were bom into the institu-
tion and lived to see its end, neglect to tell the tale, our young people
will know nothing of its redeeming features.

It is not difficult, for tender memories throng about me of perfect
confidence, of faithful service and as faithful guardianship, of kindly
daily intercourse under "all the chances and changes of this mortal
life," of friendship and loyalty, not the less true because it existed
between master and servant — between white and colored men.

We were not accountable for the institution; we were born into
it, as I have said. The servants came to our fathers from their
fathers, and they came with the same traditions of loving kindness.
We never called or thought of them as slaves. We did not even call
the old ones by their names ; Mauma, Mammy, or Aunt, Daddy, or
Uncle, were the prefixes we used, according to the locality in which
we lived, but always one which carried with it a touch of affectionate
respect. They were our servants, our humble friends, from the cra-
dle to the grave. On one hand were dependence, loyalty, service;
on the other, sympathy, protection, food, clothing, houses, training
and teaching; and all this as natural and spontaneous as the air we
breathed.

I am speaking of slavery 'as I knew it throughout our own State
and in the eastern part of North Carolina, and chiefly among the
house servants, for my glimpses of plantation life, though frequent,
were not prolonged nor intimate. We have heard much of its cruel-
ties, of its injustice, of its enormities ; let me tell of its brighter side.

Slavery, as I Knew It 123

Every event of our cornmon humanity was shared by each other and
side by side — ^hand in hand, as it were — we passed through infancy,
childhood, youth, maturity, joy, sickhess, sorrow and death- They
were taught, I said. Yes, "all things which a Christian ought to
know and believe." They preferred generally the Methodist Church,
which appealed more to their emotional nature than did the more
quiet services of other churches ; but this was true only of the up-
country. In the lower part of the State, where the Episcopal Church
largely preponderated, they were in large numbers under its care,
and the rector of the parish would frequently have two or three
younger ministers associated with him, for laborious and careful was
the work among them. Chapels were upon every plantation, and
one of their great pleasures was the chanting and singing in them.
In proof of what I say, let me point you to the font in our own
Grace Church. I wonder how many colored babies have been
brought to it for baptism ! It was bought by Mr. Plowden Weston,
one of our wealthy planters near Georgetown, for the chapel built
for his people on his plantation, Hagley, and was used there for
years, but at the end of the war between the States, and as a result
of it, all that passed away, and in the new order little use was found
for chapel or font.

Our church in Camden had been burnt to the ground and when,
after years of struggle — during which time we worshiped, first in
the Baptist Church, most kindly lent to us by its congregation, and
then in the old schoolhouse on Hampton park — we rebuilt it, Mr.
Weston's friend and heir, Mr. Wm. St. Julien Mazyck, sent the font
to us, since when, alas ! it has been used for white babies only. A
few years ago I was given a striking instance that the Word sowed in
these chapels was still bearing fruit. An old colored man who had a
termagant of a wife was told by his employer, who wearied of his
office of umpire, that if he could not live in peace perhaps he had
better separate from her. "I can't do that, sir," said the hapless
husband, "she's a Glennie wife," meaning that the Rev. Mr. Glennie,
who had spent his life among them and had married him, had so
impressed their minds with the sacredness of the bond that alter all
these years it still influenced their lives.

I fear I shall have to be personal, since I am writing only of
things I knew, but I will make no apology, for though the compan-
ions of those days are but few in number now, I am writing for their
children, and this, happily, is a place of inherited friendships.

124 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

In our own family our servants came in to family prayers night
and morning as we did, and went to church as we did; also, we
had a colored Sunday School connected with our church for years,
which the children attended. Their weddings were celebrated in our
parlor with much pomp and ceremony amid as many friends as they
chose to invite, while the feast and merry-making that followed were
in their own houses in the yard. Their babies were baptized by
my father, or after his blindness, by my brother, the parents seeming
to think that they alone could do it in orthodox fashion; and like
events in the white family, were matters of scarcely less interest to
them than their own. The institution was certainly one which could
be abused, but, in my experience, rarely was. There were serious
problems in these marriages, and twice they necessitated changes
among our servants. My father moved from North to South Caro-
lina, and our man-servant's wife was there ; the solution was generally
easy, but not in this case. Frank wished to bring his wife with us,
but she was as greatly prized by her owners as he by us, and as fond
of them ; so, in the end, we had to give up Frank, who went to his
wife with sorrowful tears flowing down his cheeks and ours.

Once again we were confronted with the same difficulty, but this
time there was no trouble. Elsie, my mother's young maid, came to
say she wanted to marry Dave Carter, and that both she and Dave
wanted Master to buy him. The change was soon effected and we
gained thereby a servant who was fidelity itself and a happy, united,
devoted, family in the yard.

But at last slavery was submitted to the arbitrament of arms. Our
men all went to the front; younger and younger with each suc-
ceeding year. The lives of the old men, the women and children
were utterly in the power of the negroes, frequently in the propor-
tion of one to twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, or a hundred, and that
one often a woman ; yet there was no fear of them among us, and
they justified our confidence. If it had not been a mild and gentle
government, if love was not the bond that held them, what was it?
Why were we not all deserted or murdered? Is there a parallel to
it in the history of the world?

At last numbers conquered and the famous march to the sea began.
We knew that Sherman had reached Columbia, attested by" fleeing,
dying women, and wagons of valuable things hastily sent to Camden
for safe keeping ; a forlorn hope indeed ! Even then we did not
admit that defeat was near, but our enemies were, and it behooved
us to hide and bury everything we valued; that meant our silver.

Slavery, as I Knew It 125

and jewelry, and small household stoi-es, and all of us were busy.
In the midst of it an old colored man drove to the door with a wagon
filled with trunks and boxes, and a message that his mistress had
sent from Columbia all that they had saved of value in their hurried
flight from Beaufort to my father's house, hoping it might there be
secure. We could only take them in, and our servants and the old
man piled them one on another in my mother's dressing-room. There
they remained until weeks after, when the same old man and our
same servants replaced them in the wagon and they were again
honestly delivered to his mistress in Columbia.

But as we were getting our silver ready for the hiding, we were
stopped by my father, who pointed out that we were tempting our
servants to falsehood through their very virtues, and were also lead-
ing ourselves into the same tempitation — nor was he influenced by
being told that not only was his own silver at stake, but his brother's,
much more valuable. Luckily a passing friend came to our relief
and suggested an expedient. "Put the box with the silver into my
buggy — then you carCt tell stories for you won't know where it is."
It was done; he rejoined his command the next day, and for months
the silver remained buried under his mother's woodpile — the servant
who helped him bury it being perfectly true to his trust.

But my father's conscience was fully roused. He called the ser-
vants together and made a little speech to them, telling them we
might expect the Northern soldiers at any hour, who would tell
them they were free and urge them to go with them. "If you wish
to go," he said, "don't think that any of us will blame you or think
hardly of you, but come and say good-bye and let us part as kindly
as we have lived ; and I want to thank you now for all your faithful,
loving service to me and mine for all these years, and to say that
you must not suppose that you can help us now by telling stories
and offending God. If they ask you where your young masters are,
say : 'In the army where they ought to be' ; and if you have help to
hide anything and it is bringing you into trouble, go and show it."
The servants were deeply touched, but I am afraid the lesson he had
striven to teach was not learned by heart, for a short time after I
heard the leader among them say : "About the stories — I hope the
Lord will forgive me for those I know now I am going to tell. I'll
die before I'll tell the Yankees that every one of our young masters
are fighting against them."

The next day — oh, day of terrors ! — ^they were in our midst. Its
horrors are never to be forgotten ; but I am not to tell of that, but of

126 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the servants in this hour of supreme temptation. The long line of
soldiers marched down the street, were disbanded at the corner, and
in an incredibly short time swarmed everywhere. They were in
every yard, in every house — but ours. What restrained them we
have never known, nor why we were so spared. Of course they
were in the yard, making the servants cook for them, tempting,
threatening, cursing, swearing, shouting, singing, but never crossing
our threshold ; and so the morning passed. I went out on the upper
piazza for a moment to find out what was going on below us in the
street, and well remember the comfort of seeing the cheery face and
hearing the undaunted voice of our opposite neighbor : "What are
they doing to you over there? They are running about my house
like ants in an ant-hill," and immediately several closely cropped
heads and blue shoulders were thrust out of her windows and a
jeering laugh greeted her sally.

Columbia, Camden, Cheraw — all the central part of the State —
had become a sort of store-house for the valuables of the low-
country, and vacant rooms, out-houses and attics were filled with
goods or cotton ; these were at once objects of cupidity or vengeance.
Doors and windows were broken open, boxes were smashed, goods
thrown into the street ; all portable articles, such as silver and gold,
hastily selected by the soldiers ; pockets and knapsacks rapidly and
unblushingly filled, in the presence of their owners ; and what they
could not carry away was given to the negroes, who were told it was
their wages for long wageless years. The crowds increased con-
tinually on the streets and spread the tale of Yankee generosity and
unlimited looting. "They will give you just what you please. They
tell you to help yourself," etc., etc. It was now getting towards the
afternoon, and the younger servants, wearied with the burden of
carrying their babies — three in number — yet afraid to put them out
of their arms, brought them into my mother's room and begged to
lay them on pillows under her high, old-fashioned bedstead, fully
persuaded now that they would be secure where "Miss" was — then
flew down the main street to see. Again and again they went and
returned to the house laden under their spoils. "The soldiers gave
them to us. Mayn't we put them in the parlor for fear they will
take them back again?" Evidently this was no time for a moral
lesson and permission was given. The room became a museum of
the most useless things to them: portraits, engravings, mirrors, a
miniature, china, glass, books — everything that took their fancy;
and we were invited to take what we pleased. And so at last night

Slavery, as I Knew It 127

came, with its terrible yells, its uncertainty, its burning houses, its
darkness, unless the lurid glare of the fires could be called light.
It was with great difficulty that they could burn the houses, for we
had had a week of incessant rain, and that alone we believed saved
us from the fate of Columbia. As it was, the glare Was so intense
that with every shutter closed reading was easy in the tiniest pocket
Testament; and we knew not what was happening to our friends,
or what would happen to us the next moment.

At last, even that night ended, and in the morning a Northern
officer knocked at the door like a gentleman. Fancy the revulsion
of feeling! It proved to be Lieutenant McQueen, who had come,
he said, to protect us, regretting that he had been so delayed that
his command just reached the town, but he had already carried relief
and comfort into several homes and gave us news of our friends in
them.

And here let me pause for a moment to pay a passing tribute to
this — our friend — the enemy : This Bayard, whose story is like a ray
of sunshine in the darkness. In Columbia, in Camden, above us,
everywhere heard from, he was the same; restraining lawless sol-
diers, saving burning houses, protecting women and children, put-
ting his own horse in the hearse, when no other could be found, to
bury the dead in our midst; and then, wounded, left on the field,
found by our scouts, a letter found on his person addressed to
General Hampton, signed by influential men of Columbia, begging
for him the mercy he had first shown to others; and so saved and
cared for, paroled and placed in safety. Surely a separate paper
should be written of this one knight-errant of the Northern army
and kept with the annals of this historic society !

About ten or twelve days after the excitement had waned, our
servants were all still with us, and again my father called them up
for a little talk. He told them that the things in the parlor which
had been given to them by the soldiers were theirs by what was
called the right of war, and that we thanked them very much for
their kind intentions towards us, but that it was quite impossible
that we could take anything, because by God's law they did not
belong to the soldiers, but to other people, from whom the soldiers
had taken them by force; and that he would be very glad if they
would let him put up a notice that they were there and that they —
the servants — gave them back to their owners. They agreed at once
and everything was claimed and taken away — everything we knew
of — but long afterwards a pretty cup and saucer, or a little piece of

128 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

glass, would occasionally be brought out, which made us suspect
that there may have been small mental reservations, as in the case
of the stories.

Not one of them left us, then nor after. Death and poverty have
alone divided us, and that the spirit of trust and dependence remains
even among those who were children then, let this prove. About
two years ago death came to our good Dave, at the house of his
youngest daughter in Blacksburg. Of us there remained in Camden
but one — a sister-in-law. To her there came one morning this tele-
gram :

"Oakland, Cal.

"Father is dying. Please send mother $50. Will write.

"Edward Carter.'"

The money was sent at once, and in due course of mail the letter
followed with the check and respectful, affectionate thanks for the
kindness, which he had expected without a doubt and received with-
out hesitation.

But we were not the only ones. I do not now remember a family
which had not some faithful servants, true through all temptation.
Nor was it confined only to Southerners. There were in our midst
two Northern men who had cast in their lots with us when quite
young. They were both from Massachusetts, and one, at least,
traced back to John Alden and the Mayflower. They were true to
their early environment and always ready to break a lance in behalf
of baked beans and clam chowder; they were also regular visitors
to their Northern homes. We lived in near neighborhood and cor-
dial friendship with both. Yet these men, having seen slavery for
themselves, married, bought their household servants, were the
kindest of masters and reaped their reward in faithful service long
after the war, and indeed until their deaths.

Let me close in the words of another: "Slavery is in the grave,
and nothing can disturb its eternal rest. I would not, if I could,
raise it from the dead. The slave is free. God speed him in his
freedom and make him worthy of it. The slaveholder has passed
into history at the cannon's mouth. His future life must be there,
and there he will live forever. He did the State some service — was
great in council and in action, clear in honor and in truth, and always
a man wherever true manhood was wanted. True, he ended well.
True, that as he stood and died by his hearth-stone, fighting, as he
believed, for God and country, he was something for men and God
to behold."

Margaret Tyler McMichael 129

"And do they believe that Washington and Jefferson and Jackson
and Stonewall and Lee, and all the long roll of our heroes and pa-
triots and statesmen, are but dead names, pale ghosts, that can but
squeak and gibber at their fallen greatness? That they have left
no living memories in their children's hearts, no sacred seed that can
once more bourgeon and bloom for our country's honor? Oh, no!
That spirit is not dead. It will rise again. Not in the old likeness,
for old things have passed away, but transformed and quickened
into a new life. Once more it will make itself a name for the Nation
to sound. Once again it will step to the front and pass first in
fight as it was wont to do whenever great opinions are clashing,
or a great cause imperilled. Once again to the front, whenever and
wherever freedom's battle is to be fought. Once again to the front,
no more to contend with brethren in arms, but only in the generous
strife for the glory and honor of a common country."

A. E. Davis.

SKetch of Mrs. Ms^rgaret Tyler McMicKael.

Written by Misa Mary McMichael, of the Paul McMichael Chapter, U. D. C

Margaret Elizabeth Tyler was born November 22, 1825. She
was the daughter of Elisha Tyler, who served his State in the Legis-
ture during the thirties. In September, 1844, she married Paul
McMichael. When quite a young man he had been commissioned
Colonel of a Regiment of State Militia. When the booming of
cannon and the ringing of bells told the people of the State that
South Carolina had declared her independence and seceded from the
Union, he went to Orangeburg, the nearest town, where he soon
raised a company and reported for duty at Camp Hampton. It was
reputed to be the best drilled company and the finest body of men
in the camp.

From the day that her husband left home to give himself and his
all to his country, Margaret McMichael 's soul was given to the
Confederacy. When war began in earnest and the sick and wounded
soldiers were sent to and forth through the country, each week and
oftener when needed, she would pack her basket, not only with deli-
cacies for the sick, but substantial for the hungry soldier, and with
her friend, Mrs. Caroline Moss, would meet other ladies at the
trains, where many tired, hungry, wounded men were made com-
fortable and happy. While Mrs. Sarah Rowe went up and down
on the trains, ministering to those who were not able to leave the

130 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

train, these ladies set tables near the depot and fed all who were
hungry. Many a heartfelt "God bless you" followed them. Mrs.
McMichael was also one of the "Ladies' Relief Associktion," of
which Mrs. Logan was President. Thus many days did she pass in
cutting clothing, malting bandages, knitting socks and scraping lint,
which was sent to the different hospitals. Her special co-worker
was her friend, Mrs. Caroline Moss, now eighty years of age, and
in her humorous way, says she can still feel the pain in her back,
which she felt the first day when she stood up all day cutting out
flannel underclothing to be made by the Relief Association. When
supplies in the South began to get scarce, Mrs. McMichael ripped
up her wool mattresses and had the wool spun and woven into cloth,
which was made into warm overcoats and pants for the needy sol-
diers. Those at home did not lose any sleep on account of cotton
mattresses, which took the place of the wool ones. The night was
never too cold, or the wind too high, for her to get up and rouse
the servants to send a sick or wounded soldier to his home; he had
only to say: "The captain sent me to you." If in his anxiety to
reach home, he could not be persuaded to stay until morning, she
would have a buggy, carriage or wagon hitched up, sending them
sometimes ten, fifteen or twenty miles to their homes. About the
middle of the war, Captain McMichael was promoted to the Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy of his Regiment. In October, 1864, just before
Sherman's ruthless march through South Carolina, he was captured
at Cedar Creek and taken to Fort Delaware. Mrs. McMichael's
unselfish nature showed itself now, in her cheerful letters to her
husband. She always said : "We must write cheerful letters to father.
Of course he must know that Sherman has raided and robbed, but
he must not know toi what extent ; he must not know that our barns
are empty, our store-houses bare, our hen-roosts, cow-stables and
stables vacant." No table furniture left, almost nothing to eat in the
house ; all the little amusing incidents of the raid were written him,
but he must not know that she had sent to the nearest blacksmith
shop and had iron knives and forks made to replace the silver that
Sherman's men had carried off. As soon as it was safe for her to
travel, she took an old broken-down army horse that Sherman's
men had left in their camp, not thinking him worth carrying off, had
him hitched to an old buggy, also left in the camp, and with a small
boy, went many miles below Orangeburg where Sherman had not
reached. She went to buy provisions, but many of the farmers,
knowing how much she had done for the soldiers, would not let her

Sketch of Mrs. Thomas Taylor 131

pay. She returned home with the buggy full, and such hens ! they
seemed to realize that they were to work for the needy; they laid
as hens never laid before ; we had eggs for dinner, eggs for supper,
and again eggs for breakfast. As spring came on, God blessed her
orchard — the peaches were splendid. Orangeburg was then gar-
risoned by negro soldiers ; there was also a white regiment from
Ohio. These latter would not put up with the arrogance and inso-
lence, of the negro soldiers, as the negroes were the pets of the white
commanders. Therefore, to save the constant disagreement between
them and protect the negroes, the white soldiers were sent across the
Edisto River, and camped near Mrs. McMichael's plantation. The
Ohioans conducted themselves as gentlemen; the Colonel of the
Regiment sent guards to each house in the neighborhood, so there
was no stealing from our orchard, but mother sold the peaches and
milk to the Yankees, and thus kept her table supplied all summer.

When the Provost Marshal of Orangeburg issued orders for all
to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, offering to
supply rations to the families of those who did so, Mrs. Margaret
McMichael stoutly refused to take this oath ; said she would starve
first, but God had blessed her orchard that summer, and her loved
ones suffered no lack.

As the Confederate officers who were prisoners of war, who
ranked above Captain, were among the last to be released, Colonel
McMichael did not reach home until September, 1865. To his dying
day he expressed his admiration of his wife, who refused to take the
oath of allegiance for the sake of bread!

SKetcH of Mrs. Thomas Taylor.

Mrs. Taylor, as the wife of Captain Thomas Taylor, of Hampton's
Legion, knew all of the pride, all of the courage, endurance, suffer-
ings and effort that fell to the lot of a soldier's wife during our
great war.

She came of a good stock, and as the daughter of Franklin Elmore,
had been trained in the political principles, so dear to Southern minds.
From her mother she learned how to apply these principles practi-
cally ; and so Mrs. Taylor took her full share in the burden of work
for soldiers, and can from her own experience bear testimony to the
magnitude and worth of that work.

When the Society of Daughters of the Confederacy was formed,
Mrs. Taylor soon threw herself into it with zeal. Wade Hampton

132 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Chapter, No. 29, of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and
No. 2, of the South Carolina Division, was organized with Miss
Crawford as President, and Mrs. Thomas Taylor was its Corres-
ponding Secretary, and through years of successful work a most
active and zealous member. Upon the organization of a State Divi-
sion, Mrs. Taylor was for six months the First Vice-President, Mrs.
Smythe being President. At the second meeting of the Division,
Mrs. Taylor was elected Corresponding Secretary, succeeding Miss
Washington, and served in that capacity through four years, with
Mrs. Capers and Mrs. McGowan as Presidents. She was elected
President in 1899 and served two years. On Mrs. Conner's election,
Mrs. Taylor was appointed Chairman of the Book Committee.

In all of these positions she has given to the work the fullness of
her strong heart and her inherited cultiva!tion and refinement.

During the State Presidency of Mrs. McGowan, a resolution was
passed forming a committee to report on the facts and statistics of
the work of South Carolina women during the Confederate war.

Mrs. Taylor's active mind seized upon this. She formed plans
for extending this work by using, in addition to the committee's
report, records which she had long been gathering, as well as those
papers collected through the efforts of Miss Poppenheim, the His-
torian of the Division.

Through Mrs. Taylor's influence and unfailing perseverance an
appropriation was secured from the State Legislature justifying the
publication of the book thus formed. Mrs. Taylor also effected
business arrangements which defrayed all expenses. Her efforts,
which comprised proof-reading, etc., etc., met with success. The
first volume of "South Carolina Women in the Confederacy" ap-
peared, containing half of the Report on Women's Work and many
sketches of value.

This present volume brings the report of the Committee up to the
end of the war, and contains many other papers of interest.

Sorrows and bereavements have come to Mrs. Taylor, in conse-
quence of which she withdrew from the active management of the
publication of this volume, but her interest has never flagged ; her
help has always been ready, and her zeal has continued an inspira-
tion to all.

If these records of the work of women are of value to our State,
to no one as much as to Mrs. Taylor are thanks due, for without
her unceasing effort and never-failing courage they would not have
been given to the public in book form.

MRS. JAXE TWEEDY PEEBY BUTLEB.

Sketch of Mrs. George Butler 133

Mrs. Georg'e Btitler, Nee Jane T. Perry.

Compiled from material supplied by "Mrs. C. A. Carson and Dr. F. W. P. Butler.

The subject of this sketch, Mrs. Jane T. Butler, was born at
Tower Hill, South Kensington, Rhode Island, December 15, 1799.
She was of distinguished lineage, being the daughter of Com. Chris-
topher Raymond Perry, the sister of Com. O. H. Perry, of Com.
Mathew Calbraith Perry, and of Com. Christopher Raymond Perry
II., all of the United States Navy. On December 22, 1819, she was
married at the home of her brother. Com. Mathew Calbraith Perry,
to Dr. George Butler, of South Carolina, then Assistant Surgeon in
the United States Navy. Dr. Butler resigned from the Navy and
returned to Edgefield, South Carolina, living on his plantation.
Mrs. Butler was the mother of sixteen children, twelve of whom
lived to man and womanhood — eight sons and four daughters. In
1849, Dr. Butler was appointed agent to the Cherokee Indians. He
lived but eleven months after receiving this appointment, leaving
his widow with twelve children — the eldest, George, twenty-seven
years of age, the youngest, a son, but six. The agency was given
by President Polk to George Butler, to enable him to aid his mother
in the support and rearing of her children.

Mrs. Butler was an ardent lover of the South, and during the war
between the States was proud of having seven sons and three sons-
in-law who gave their service to their country. Her son. Captain
William Butler, resigned his commission in the United States Army
at the call of his State, was Colonel of the Infantry Regiment of
Regulars stationed at Fort Moultrie. Of the other sons. Captains
George and James Butler were in the western army. General M.
C. Butler, Thomas O. L. Butler and Captain O. N. Butler served
in Virginia, where General Butler lost one leg. Thomas O. L.
Butler was killed at Gettysburg, and Captain O. N. Butler lost his
right arm at the close of the war.

Mrs. Butler was a woman of a high order of intellect. She was
a fluent conversationalist; and while of a proud nature, she was
genial and sociable to all she met. Justly proud of her distinguished
Northern relatives, particularly of her noble brother. Com. O. H.
Perry, the hero of the battle of Lake Erie, who won this notable
victory at the age of twenty-six, she was a true, devoted and loyal
daughter of the Southern Confederacy. The following anecdote is
very characteristic of the woman. During or just after the war, the
Yankees took her carriage horse. She went to headquarters to see
about getting her property returned, and was introduced as the sister

134 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

of Commodore Perry. She resented this introduction, and drawing
herself up, haughtily replied, "she preferred to be known as the
mother of Maj. Gen. M. C. Butler of the Confederate Army, where
she had seven sons and three sons-in-law." Her horse was returned
to her.

She was truly proud of her children, especially of her sons, all of
whom reflected credit on her training.

Mrs. Butler was a devout and consistent communicant of the
Anglican Episcopal Church, and died in this faith in Greenville
in 1875.

Personal R.ecolIections of tKe IVar Bet^veen tKe

States.

By Mrs. Eugenia C. Babcock, of Chester, S. C.

My first recollection is the excitement caused by the John Brown
raid at Harper's Ferry, Va. I was a school-girl then, and. shortly
after went west with my uncle, John Kennedy. I vividly remember
the crowds that met us at each station we passed, eager for news.
As we neared Branchville, S. C, some one hurled a rock into the
car, through the window, presumably done by some sympathizer
of John Brown ; this was in December, 1859.

In i860 the war cloud grew dark, companies of minute men
were formed, and many commenced wearing the blue cockade.
South Carolina took the lead, and passed the Ordinance of Secession
on December 20, i860. The Methodist Conference was in session
here when the news reached us; the telegram was read during a
night session, there was great excitement, and prayers were offered
for our leaders.

Every district in the State had sent delegates to the Secession
Convention. Mr. Quay Dunovant, Mr. John McKee, and Mr.
Richard Woods were the delegates from Chester. Mr. McKee was
the oldest man in the Convention.

At this time Maj. Robert Anderson, with a garrison of United
States troops, occupied Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island. It was
feared he would attempt to remove to Fort Sumter, a much stronger
fort, at that time supposed to be impregnable and further out to sea.
To prevent this a squad from the Charleston military companies
patrolled the harbor each night in small boats. The squad from
the Charleston Riflemen was under the command of Maj. T. S.
Mills from Chester. Major Anderson found this out, and taking
advantage of a dark, rainy night, before the patrol were out, he

Personal Recollections of the War 135

evacuated Fort Moultrie and took possession of Fort Sumter. This
was just before Christmas. In January the United States Govern-
ment attempted to reinforce and provision Fort Sumter. "The Star
of the West" was sent for this purpose, but as soon as she appeared
off Morris Island, was fired into by a battery manned by the Cita-
del Cadets, and forced to return north without having accomplished
her errand.

After South Carolina seceded, she was not long alone. Alabama
soon followed, then Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, and so on until
seven States formed the Southern Confederacy, elected a President,
and made their own laws. The day South Carolina seceded, Georgia
stretched a rope across the Savannah River ; in the center were two
great iron hands clasped, typical of her being heart and soul in the
movement.

Chester sent to the war two companies of infantry and one of
cavalry. The Sixth South Carolina Volunteers were almost entirely
formed of men from this town and district. "Gen. Alec Walker was
in command of the cavalry; the "Chester Blues" were commanded
by Capt. E. C. McLure, the Calhoun Guards Under Capt. J. Walker.
My brother went with the Calhoun Guards, Dr. Babcock and Fred
with the Chester Blues, and my cousin, Dan Kennedy, with the
cavalry.

I have never forgotten the morning in 1861 when our boys
marched away. They had been ordered to Charleston, then the
center of everything, where they hoped to take part in the reduction
of Fort Sumter. The companies assembled on the public square.
Mr. Richard Neil played the fife, and Tom Wright beat the drum.
Tom was a negro, had always been free, was of gigantic size, but
his big heart was full of love for the South. He begged to go with
the boys, did go, and remained with them until the surrender, when
he came home in his old tattered Confederate uniform with the
proud consciousness of having faithfully performed his duty. How
handsome and and patriotic our boys looked on that morning in their
new uniforms. Banners were floating; Mr. Neil marched in front
playing "The Girl I Left Behind Me," big Tom, in his uniform, beat
rub-a-dub-dub — it nearly broke our hearts, for we knew some would
never come home again.

The regiment from Yorkville, Col. Micah Jenkins in command,
and other troops from the country around all met here. How many
sad good-byes! Mothers, wives, daughters, sweethearts, all came
to say good-bye, more than one with a face as white as death. My

136 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

mother did not go to the depot ; she bid my brother farewell at home.
He was her idol; I shall never forget the parting between the two.
Mother did not weep, but the look in her large, sad eyes haunted me
for a long time. I stood on the platform and watched until the last
soldier had boarded the train, saw it turn the curve and pass out of
sight. In the arrogance of youth and inexperience, I thought the
war would soon be over, for who could resist such an array !

The troops went to Charleston to join General Beauregard, who
was in command of that military district. They reached there the
night before Fort Sumter was fired upon, and remained on Morris,
Cole and other islands, until ordered to Virginia in 1861. Willie
Martin, son of Dr. Martin, Methodist minister of Columbia, was one
of the first who died during their encampment on the islands. He
was an author, his nom-de-plume, "Ruby."

In July, 1861, the Sixth Regiment, with others, was ordered to
Virginia. They should have reached there in time for the first battle
of Manassas, but the engineer was a traitor, and he purposely de-
layed the train until they were too late for that battle. They reached
Richmond while the battle was being fought; could hear the roar
of the cannon. Hungry and tired, with no provisions, they were
sent at once to the front. My brother William wrote us that there
was everything to demoralize them. They would meet stragglers
who would say the day was lost to the South ; then some slightly
wounded friends, trying to save their wounded or dead from falling
into the hands of the enemy. A horseman was met bearing the dead
body of Colonel Fisher from the field. Later on the United States
troops retreated, and the first great victory was won by the Con-
federates.

The women and girls were doing at home all they could to
aid the soldiers — spinning, weaving, scraping lint, knitting socks.
I became such an expert knitter I could easily knit a pair of socks
in a day. All my pin-money went in buying wool to knit pieces to
"protect the ears, and comforters for the soldiers. Committees of
ladies met the trains with provisions for the hungry soldiers who
were passing all the time, hastening to the front. The committee at
Chester was composed of Mrs. M. A. Coleman, my mother, Mrs.
John Kennedy, Mrs. Middleton McDonald, Mrs. James Graham,
Mrs. Jordan Bennett, Mrs. E. J. Hinton, Mrs. Margaret Woods,
aided by several girls. I was full of patriotism, wore the blue
cockade, lone star, or any badge which would show that I was a
Southern girl. I thought every man should be at the post of danger,

Personal Recollections of the War 137

and scorned those who stayed at home. I remember our treatment
of one young man. He passed our house every day. One day, some
young friends being there, I asked one of the smaller girls if she
would wave a small Confederate flag over his head while we would
sing out, "Hurrah for Dixie." Quick as thought she rushed out,
waved the flag, and we sang "Dixie." The young man left a few
days after for the army, and lost a leg in Virginia.

Mr. James Graham and Mr. Joshua Walker may well have been
called the fathers of Chester in those days. Mr. Walker's house was
always filled with soldiers passing through. We went to Mr.
Graham for everything needed for soldiers. He was indefatigable ;
his whole time was given up looking for supplies for the soldiers.
For their comfort a temporary hospital was opened in his warehouse ;
bales of cotton were utilized as beds, the ladies supplied the bed
clothing.

My two cousins, John Evans and Tom Kennedy, were in the
Eighteenth Mississippi, Barksdale's brigade. These boys left the
Mississippi College, where Johnnie would soon have graduated with
first honor, for a life of hardship on the battlefield. They were mere
lads. Tom was mortally wounded at Leesburg and died with only
his faithful servant to take his farewells to his mother. Johnnie was
captured at Gettysburg. His company was ordered to scale a wall.
Forward they rushed. When the order was countermanded they did
not hear. On the other side of the wall the enemy were heavily
entrenched, and they were captured and taken to Fort Delaware.
Their baggage was taken from them, and they, without sufficient
clothing, in the bitter cold, with the icy winds blowing upon them,
would sit in a circle, put their feet together, cover with a blanket,
and thus try to get warmth from each other. Food was scanty — a
small bowl of pea soup and a piece of bread composed the dinner. A
German was in charge of the mess hall. He would look over the
table and say in broken English, "Too much food for de preesener."
When the next meal was served there would be so little; no wonder
many of these noble boys died of dysentery and starvation. Sup-
perless, they would creep to their narrow bunks, two in a bunk,
while a Yankee with a loaded gun watched over them. The "dead
line" was a few feet from the parapet. It meant certain death to be
caught between this line and the parapet; but suffering made our
boys desperate, and recklessly they would cross. There would be a
sharp report of a musket, and when the roll was called there was one
less to answer — one more grave under the snow. Thoughts of home

138 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

and of exchange kept up the hearts of these poor boys, and many
jokes, war stories and patriotic songs were indulged in. Every piece
of bone, tin can, or piece of wood was utiHzed, made into souvenirs
for the home folk. At last rumors of an exchange were whispered,
and finally they were ordered aboard a transport for Savannah, Ga.,
where the exchange would be made. Glad hearts responded, but
what a sorry crew commenced the voyage! Most of them mere
skeletons; some, Johnnie for one, were so swollen from dropsy,
brought on by starvation, as to be unrecognizable. When the trans-
port neared Savannah the quartermaster ordered coffee served to the
prisoners. With their warm Southern hearts they forgave their
enemies and thanked them for this luxury so long denied them.
Poor, duped boys, the coffee was poisoned, and many wha drank of
it died far from the homes they had so longed to reach. Johnnie
was made very sick. As there was no direct communication to be
made with Mississippi, he came to us at Chester. We were not
expecting him, so there was no one at the train to meet him. For-
tunately, Mr. Jimmie Crawford, too old to be in the army, was at
the station, and seeing the staggering, emaciated soldier trying to get
out of the car, he assisted him, and being unable to get a conveyance,
took the sick boy upon his back, and brought him to my grand-
father's. We had him with us but a short while; everything was
done to renew his strength, but to no avail. Before the winter was
over "the picket was off duty forever."

While in winter quarters at Centreville, Va., in 1862, the snow lay
so long on the ground, the boys, for exercise and fun, would fight
sham battles, snow balls being the amunition, a company or com-
panies representing the South and others the North. In one of these
sham fights the Calhoun Guards fought so furiously that many were
overcome, and the next day the hospital was filled with the sick.
Capt. J. Walker, of the Guards, contracted pneumonia and soon died.
His body was brought home for burial.

After the battles, carloads of wounded soldiers would pass through,
giving us a most vivid realization of the horrors of war. There
would also be carloads of prisoners being taken to Florence and
Andersonville. After feeding our soldiers we would feed them, too;
there was always a plenty.

The ever memorable day when the telegram came that Stonewall
Jackson was dead, we were indeed sorrowful ; it was as though the
powerful right arm of the Confederacy was gone. The town bell
was tolled, and untold prayers went up to God for another Christian

Personal Recollections of the War 139

to take his place. In 1863 my brother John 'joined the army and
went to Virginia. He was only about sixteen years old. He was
wounded twice.

The Sixth Regiment, after being in most of the battles in Virginia,
losing many officers and men, was ordered to Tennessee, and passed
through here; thus we saw them for a few minutes. They afterwards
returned from Tennessee to Virginia and surrendered with General
Lee at Appomattox.

I may be somewhat mixed in the order of things, but, as I stated
in the beginning, I was only a girl, and these are the recollections
. indelibly impressed upon me.

On the Wilderness or Seven Pines battlefield my brother William
picked up a Bible belonging to a soldier from Maine. It ha.d a bullet
hole through it. He sent it home to us. Also a large, black New-
foundland dog. The boys named him Rover. He was found on the
battlefield beside his dead master, a Yankee, and was taken away by
main force. My mother had Rover sheared, his hair spun and
woven, and made my brother a beautiful vest out of the cloth.

After being in the army three years, my brother came home. It
was a joyful home-coming. My mother looked ten years younger.
He brought a chicken that he had had in camp. He called her Susan
Jane. Susan Jane was a tiny little chick when a soldier who had
been foraging captured her. Brother bought her, every night she
slept under his bunk (they were then in winter quarters). When
she grew large she would lay an egg every other morning, which
meant muffins for breakfast. When she came to us and saw chickens
for the first time, she took to her heels and ran as if the enemy were
after her.

In 1864 we were busy working for the soldiers. Rations were
scarce and new clothes only something to be dreamed of. Nearly
every one wore home-made shoes and knit their own stockings,
made their hats of palmetto, corn shucks, or anything that could be
plaited — one shape was the gunboat ; I had one of that style. Home-
spun dresses were all the rage. They were usually trimmed with
cording of a bright contrasting color, and large, wooden buttons
covered with the same material as the cording, were considered quite
stylish. I did not have a homespun dress, although I would have
liked one very much, nor did I have to wear home knit stockings.
Mother bought me a pair of congress boots with rubber soles for
$50. They had run the blockade.

140 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

We still kept at the work of feeding passing soldiers, and our
temporary hospital was always filled with the sick and wounded.
There was no regular surgeon in charge. Sometimes Dr. Pride or
Dr. Davega, who kept a drug store, would be called in to prescribe
or dress wounds ; then again some visiting doctor would give his
services. The military were constantly coming and going. General
Hood's entire command passed through on their way to reinforce
General Johnston; thus we saw most of the prominent Generals —
Beauregard, Joe Johnston, Wheeler, Bragg, Evans, Longstreet,
Cheatham, Morgan, and Hood. They were all fine looking men. I
thought General Beauregard quite handsome and dignified; Joe
Wheeler handsome and dashing, with his crimson sash and waving
black plumes.

General Cheatham's division was here for several days. They
seemed to be everywhere. They were delayed here by General
Cheatham's sickness. Unexpectedly, the call to assemble was
sounded ; they came rushing from all sides ; one man was in the
barber's chair and fell into ranks with one side of his face shaved.

Our town was filled with refugees from Charleston, Savannah
and other places then occupied by the enemy. They did noble work
for the soldiers. One lady, a Miss C, from Charleston, lived near
us. She took tea with us every evening ; at first it was store tea, then
gradually it had to be milk and hot water. I have never forgotten
my amusement when one evening she asked my mother for another
cup "of that beautiful hot water."

About this time a sunburned, freckled, thin, ragged soldier came
to Chester. He had been a prisoner at Johnson's Island. He was
almost a boy, but was a preacher. He had bought some gray goods
in Richmond and was trying to get some clothes made. My mother,
Miss Martha Motley and Miss Grain, volunteered to make them if
he would get them cut, which he gladly did. After the clothes were
made and he donned them, he looked so different one would hardly
have recognized him, and he was very grateful. He was from Ten-
nessee, and is now the distinguished Dr. W. H. Whitsell, of the
Richmond College. He was for many years President of the Baptist
Theological Seminary in Louisville, Ky. He has never forgotten
this kindness.

At the battle of Seven Pines Fred Babcock was killed. In the
thickest of the fight Captain Lafayette Strait, of the Catawba Guards,
saw his brother, a boy scarcely fifteen years old, quietly fixing his
gun, the ramrod of which had been shot away, and it was otherwise

Personal Recollections of the War 141

injured. Captain Strait told him to get another gun — there were
many lying around — but he coolly remarked he preferred his own,
and went on fixing it.

In May, Alan Kennedy was killed at Drury's Bluff. The day the
news came his sister lay dying. About this time my uncle, John
Kennedy, and his son, Henry, volunteered. Henry joined Wheeler's
Cavalry. All of my relatives were in the war, and but few of them
came back.

It was also about this time that the privateer "Jeff Davis" was lost
off the Florida coast. She was a terror to the enemy ; had been most
successful in running the blockade, bringing in ammunition and sup-
plies to the Confederates; had sunk several of the enemy's vessels.
Dr. Wm. Babcock was surgeon on the "Jeff Davis." When the boat
was sinking he saw a parrot that had been a pet on the vessel, trying
to follow them. After much difficulty he succeeded in rescuing
Polly, and brought her home with him.

When Gen. John Dunovant's body was brought home for burial
it was taken to the Episcopal Church. A severe storm raged all
that day, so the funeral services had to be postponed until the next
day.

In 1864, the last flag of the Confederacy was adopted. There had
then been three flags, I think. The first had red stripes, with a blue
union bearing thirteen stars, but it looked so much like the United
States flag that in the smoke of battle it had been mistaken for it,
so was discarded and the St. Andrew's Cross adopted and used until
the surrender.

In 1864, Gen. W. T. Sherman had commenced his "march to the
sea." Atlanta had fallen, and this horde of house-burners came on
to South Carolina. There was nothing to oppose them, only an army
of defenceless women and children. The negroes behaved nobly —
they sided with the South, protected the women and children, were
faithful in the aid they gave in hiding valuables, never betrayed the
trust unless tortured and made to tell, but even then they seldom did
so. When Sherman reached South Carolina, devastation commenced
in reality, the track of this army was marked by the chimneys, which
were all that remained of once happy homes, and thousands of
homeless women and hungry children.

In February, 1865, Sherman burned Columbia. We saw the
reflection of the fire in Chester. Gen. Wade Hampton, who had been
harassing the enemy, watching the movements of Sherman, retreated,
burning the bridge over the Congaree after him. The Capital of

142 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

South Carolina was now in the hands of the enemy. Sherman lost
no time in commencing the work of plunder and of sacking the city
preparatory to setting it on fire. From house to house they went,
these men wearing the blue uniform of the United States, with
lighted torches, which were often applied to the bed of a sick per-
son ; what matter ? It was a rebel ! A friend of mine, with a baby
a day or so old, had her bed set on fire ; her sister put out the fire,
only to have the torch again applied to the curtains. Finally, the sick
woman had to be carried out on a mattress. Another friend carried
her father, an old man of ninety-two years, out into the cold and
rain, in a neighboring field, and sat by his side as his life ebbed away.
A sister of this lady jumped from a second-story window in her
efforts to escape from a party of drunken soldiers ; she was so injured
she was ever after an invalid. The grounds of the Lunatic Asylum
were crowded with women and children; the asylum itself was full
of those who had sought protection there, their own homes having
been destroyed, thinking there would be none so base as to molest
God's afflicted — but the building was burned, and the lunatics taken
to the Catholic Convent, their shrieks and screams adding to the
horrors of the night.

Many homeless refugees came to Chester, and lived in box cars,
or in any place that they could find shelter, for our houses were
already filled with refugees from Charleston and elsewhere.

One of the objects of Sherman's army was to destroy historic
places. In Columbia, after trying to demolish the State House, they
took the bronze palmetto tree which stood in the grounds and tried
to break it; fortunately the bronze resisted, but they twisted and
almost ruined it. This tree was a memorial erected by the State to
her sons who served in the Mexican war, and had the record of their
names. In Camden they burned the headquarters of General Corn-
wallis. This house had been preserved with great pride by the
people of Camden since the days of the Revolutionary war. In
passing through Lancaster, Sherman burned the court house, with
many valuable records, and also burned the jail. The Confederate
prisoners were confined in the jail, and were not removed until the
floor above them was in flames. They were then ordered out to be
shot, but as they filed out expecting instant death, a rapid firing
was heard near by, and thinking General Hampton was attacking
them, the Yankees left the prisoners to defend themselves. Of
course our men lost no time in making good their escape. Mr.
McCarley, now living in Winnsboro, was one of them. Men who

Personal Recollections of the War 143

represented themselves as Wheeler's Cavalry, were now scouring the
country, impressing mules and horses to take the place, they said,
of the worn out animals in the army. Many of them were doubtless
imposters, for they seemed to be devoid of both feeling and principle.
My grandfather, quite an old man, had a beautiful saddle horse to
which he was much attached. The horses and mules had been
brought from the plantation for protection, but these supposed
Wheeler men had taken them. When they took grandfather's saddle
horse, grandma begged them to leave it for the old gentleman, but,
although she had just fed them, her entreaties made no impression.
The last we saw of the favorite horse was her being led off.

In this neighborhood Sherman burned the house of Mrs. E^.
Mobley. She was a tiny little woman, with several children. The
Yankees set fire in a closet upstairs, and soon the house was wrapped
in flames. Mrs. Mobley, with her children, stood in the yard and
watched the burning house. An officer asked her why she did not
cry. She replied, "she wanted him to see how a Southern woman
could bear such cruelty." He then ordered his men to save something
for her, but it was too late, only a piano from the once handsome
home was saved.

Several families in this vicinity took their valuables and tried to
get to the mountains of North Carolina for safety, but the wagon
train was run upon by Sherman's army, and everything of any value
taken from them. One young lady had on her dead mother's wed-
ding ring. A Yankee soldier made her take it off and give it to him,
though she pleaded with him, and told him whose it was.

The Northern Army came within a few miles of Chester. They
were .encamped at Woodward Church. It was said spies were seen
in our town. The day we were expecting Sherman, all of the men
had left — only about two remained ; the last soldier had gone ; we
were left to our fate. We had buried our silver and gold ; some had
put on extra clothing — one girl had on five dresses ; they were too
valuable to lose ; she looked very much like a small barrel. I wore my
usual clothing, for I thought if it came to close quarters I could get
out of the way faster without extra weight. But as we waited with
blanched faces, a courier came dashing up with the joyful news that
the army had gone by the way of Hanging Rock, to act with Stone-
man's Cavalry, then near Charlotte, N. C. I soon regained my
bravery. I had heard such shocking accounts of Sherman's brutality,
it is not to be wondered at that I was much frightened. Stoneman
was trying to capture the naval stores and postoffice department that

144 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

was being rushed South from Norfolk and Richmond ; also to capture
our cavalry. Fortunately they got but little further, for General Lee
soon capitulated.

There were carloads of naval stores brought here and destroyed at
Rocky Creek, a mile or so from town. Cannon and shell were
exploded, powder and shot thrown into the stream — destroyed to
prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy — for the last days
of the Confederacy were drawing near ; the boy? in gray were soon
to lay down their arms, not conquered but outdone !

A great many valuable papers belonging to the Confederate States
were destroyed at Fort Mill; large boxes were broken open at the
depot and books and papers belonging to the Postoffice Department
scattered on the ground. Commissary stores that our poor soldiers"
would have been so grateful for, were broken open and taken by any
one who felt so inclined. A carload of supplies stood on the railroad
track not far from here. A lady told me not long since, that as a
schoolgirl at Purity Church, she, with other girls, went up there and-
got their aprons full of sugar ; everything was in a demoralized
condition.

The last of April and first of May saw our Chester boys come
home. They brought no' floating banners, and the fife and drum
were silent; they were tired, hungry, and ragged. The railroads
were torn up, so they had to walk home. My brother William broke
down and fainted by the roadside. In two weeks we laid him away
in Purity churchyard.

Our town was again filled with soldiers, but very different in
appearance to what they were when we had seen them before.
There were no guns now, and the pretty gray uniforms were in rags.
Often our brave boys were barefooted, and often, too, arms and legs
were missing — left behind on some Virginia battlefield. Wheeler's
Cavalry were again here. Many of them were Western men ; being
without rations, they justly helped themselves to the commissary
stores packed away in the various warehouses. In the cellar of a
store occupied by one of our merchants many medical supplies had
been stored.

Willie McLure and brave Colonel Lecrest died soon after they
reached home. It seemed hard to see four years of service and die
just after getting back. My brother died about daybreak. While his
funeral services were being held Hood's old brigade were passing
our house ; up the street they came hurrahing and shouting. Colonel
Lewis went out and told them to be quiet, that a brother soldier lay

■v Personal Recollections of the War 145

dead in the house ; after that, though hundreds passed, there was no
sound save the tramp of their footsteps.

There was much sadness, but much to be laughed at, during the
war, particularly now when we look back at many things. One lady
I knew refused to wear a sunbonnet, but went bareheaded into the
broiling sun, because her husband was enduring hardships in the
army ; another would not eat a sufficiency of food, because her hus-
band was on half rations.

We heard of such atrocities and cruelties being committed by
Sherman's men that even the children associated them with destruc-
tion. Two little girls were in the yard playing. Julia proposed play-
ing "Sherman had come." Fannie took the suggestion in a literal
sense. She tore around, breaking up things in the pretty playhouse,
and ended by biting off the head of Julia's doll ; there was a fight on
hand — but Sherman was not there. An older sister of these children
had outgrown her best dress. From her mother's finery she had
resurrected an old black silk ; with this silk she put a frill around the
end of her skirt, and a huge puff of silk at the top of her sleeves to
make them larger, and feeling quite fine and well dressed, she went
to the depot to aid in feeding the soldiers. When they saw her, one
called out, "Oh, boys I come and see the brigadier general, look at his
epaulettes !" meaning the puffs on the dress. In a minute the car
windows and platform were filled with the boys looking for the
brigadier.

Mrs. Davis, wife of our President, with her little children, passed
near here on her way to Mississippi. She spent one night in the
Woodward Baptist Church, and went to Mrs. Dr. Mobley's the next
morning. Winnie was an infant in long dresses. Mrs. Mobley put
her in the arms of each of her daughters, so that they might never
forget that they had held the daughter of our loved President. The
two little boys, Joe and Jeff, each had a small tin cup suspended by a
leather throng from the button on his jacket.

When Dr. Babcock returned from the army and found so many
wounded and sick soldiers here unable to get to their homes, he
decided to get a vacant house and open a hospital. He secured the
property in front of our house. There were several buildings on the
lot. One had been used as a carriage factory ; it had a second story,
which was soon filled with long rows of cots which were as soon
occupied by the sick, and, more pitiful still, men whose wounds had
been so long neglected that many an arm and leg had to be ampu-
tated.

10

146 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Dr. Babcock did noble work for the soldiers. All the vacant houses
on his own premises were filled with cots, and many a poor, tired,
sick soldier found a quiet resting place. As soon as the critically ill
at the hospital were convalescent they were taken to private homes.
Young Gilmore Simms, son of the author, was taken to the home of
Mrs. Anne Kennedy and nursed back to life. My mother had the
furniture in our parlor moved out and the room fitted up for "her
boys." She always took the poor and friendless — the room was
never empty. One little fellow was from Georgia. He was desper-
ately ill. When he recovered sufficiently to go home, he took my
mother's hand, wished her much joy, and that "every hair of her head
was a tallow candle to light her soul to glory." To us it may seem a
poor speech, but it came from a grateful heart, and no doubt he had
given it much thought and study. Another little boy was from
Marion, S. C. His name was Moody, not more than fifteen years
old. He was thin and pale and covered with vermin. Mother took
a servant, bathed him, cut his hair, and when she put nice, clean
clothes on him, he was quite pretty as he lay back on the pillow, his
eyes so blue, his forehead full and white. Poor little mite! after a
brave struggle for life he died. Another of mother's boys was a
skeleton from Georgia named Jolly. He was always cold, and would
go into the kitchen and sit by the fire, which angered the servants,
for Jolly was neither neat nor particular.

Besides the hospital Dr. Babcock established there were two
smaller ones, one in the old Academy building in charge of Dr.
Prioleau. These hospitals were also filled with sick and wounded.
Quite a number of soldiers died here. Dr. Babcock had them interred
in the soldiers' lot in the cemetery, their graves marked with name,
and the company to which they belonged. On each Memorial Day
these graves are decked with flowers. We hope some day to erect
a monument bearing the name of each Chester boy who wore the
gray and was loyal to the Confederacy.

Many years have passed since the memorable days of '61 to '65.
Many of the boys who sat in the moonlight before the tent doors in
old Virginia and sang "Mary of Argyle" and "Tenting on the Old
Camp Ground" have crossed "over the river and are resting in the
shade" on the other side. Many of the officers and men in authority
are gone — President Davis lies in Hollywood Cemetery; Winnie,
the daughter of the Confederacy, sleeps by his side; Alexander
Stephens is buried in Georgia, the State he loved so much ; our own
Wade Hampton in Columbia. Beauregard, Cheatham, Hood, Mor-

The Burning of Columbia 147

gan, Jenkins, Pelham, Wheeler, are all gone. Longstreet, Rosser,
and a few others whose heads are white now, are left only waiting
their call "to join the army that has already crossed.

Personal Recollections and Experiences Durin£>

tKe Burning' of Columbia, S. C, by SHerman's

Army, February 17, 1865.

By Catherine Prioleau Ravenel, of the Charleston Chapter, U. D. C.

As a precaution of safety, my father, Mr. William Ravenel, secured
a house in Columbia, where he sent us when it was no longer expe-
dient for his daughters to remain in Qiarleston. My aunt, Mrs.
Henry Ravenel, and Miss Mary C. Ravenel, were with my sister
and I. We also had an excellent man-servant, Halsey, in whom we
placed every confidence. On the morning that the United States
troops entered Columbia, Halsey told us they were marching in, and
proposed to lock the gate and take every precaution for our safety
that was possible. Having made everything as secure as he could,
he went to the front gate to take a lookout. He very soon returned,
and was so angry that I became alarmed, and asked him what had
happened. He said, while standing at the gate a soldier had snatched
his watch. So you see they were not above stealing from those they
were professing to liberate !

That afternoon about three o'clock, through the kindness of Mrs.
James K. Robinson, we obtained a guard. She went to headquarters
and asked for some guards. Three were given her, and she most
thoughtfully brought one to us. He proved most faithful and of
great service to us.

Late in the afternoon I said to him : "As you are in charge, I am
going upstairs. I may not come down again this evening." He
looked at me with surprise, and said: "\Miat, you are not going to
bed ?" I answered : "Not now, but certainly later." "But don't you
know the town is to be burned tonight?" I answered: "\Miy, no;
there are only women and children here, and I cannot belie\'e it will
be burned." He said: "I know there is a regiment here that has
sworn to burn it, and it will be done."

About seven o'clock some rockets went up ; that seemed the signal,
and the burning and rioting began. The guard during the night
took me to the gate and pointed out General Sherman passing on
horseback. Soldiers all around were yelling and waving torches.

148 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Our guard was most efficient in driving off the soldiers who were
trying to burn the house by building fires under it, and lighting them
with kerosene. About midnight he remarked : "This place is a per-
fect hell tonight," and told me it would continue until six o'clock in
the morning, at which time, sure enough, perfect order was restored.
All during the night the guard had gone from one part of the house
to the other, serving us in any way needed ; the sight of his bayonet
was a great power in restoring order.

Between whiles he frequently took a drink from his canteen, and
at six o'clock in the morning, things being quieter, he laid himself
on the floor and slept for hours. The garden fence of the house
adjoining ours took fire. He said to me as the fire slowly crept up
to us : "If that fire is not extinguished, your house will go. I am
detailed to guard your house only, and cannot leave it, unless you
give the order. I will return after putting it out." I said: "Go,"
but had grave fears he would not come back. We had a hard time
while he was gone, although he was no further away than our own
garden. One of us always kept watch on the piazza floor, which was
very dry, and were kept busy trampling on the flakes of fire that
constantly fell — it had no roof.

We took some provisions, a carpet and a large clothes horse, to a
vacant lot back of our house, and one of us guarded there. I went
out to see how my cousin, who was on guard, was getting on, and
found her chasing a hog that was stealing our bacon. It was so
ludicrous an experience that we could not help laughing, even in the
midst of our troubles. We each of us had a pillow case, with coffee,
and all other things we could secure in the way of food, so that in
case we were burnt out we would not be entirely destitute.

All the next day we could see the soldiers in groups at the corners
of the streets, showing the watches and other things they had stolen,
and discussing the events of the previous evening. They came into
our yard and greatly alarmed our servants by telling them we had
saved our house, but wait, they would poison the well. This terrified
the servants even more than the fire, and they rushed in to tell us
of this new danger.

Perfect order prevailed from six o'clock that morning until the
splendidly equipped army marched out of Columbia the next day.

We then felt very anxious, not knowing what we might have to
undergo from stragglers, knowing that there were no officers of
either army to control them.

Laurens County During the War. 149

Sometimes during that most terrible night the guard would lay his
gun down and rest for a few minutes, when our servant, Halsey,
would take it, and by showing it to the intruders through the partly
open door, would drive the fellows off. Halsey remained faithful to
us and returned with us to Charleston.

The day before Sherman entered Columbia, the city was shelled.
No notice of such intention was given to the authorities.

Laurens County During the Wetr.

"Mine must be a school-girl's story if I prepare an article for you,"
was my reply when the J. B. Kershaw Chapter, U. D. C, insisted
that I tell something of Laurens County during the awful war
between the States. Memory, faithful to her trust, carries me back
through the busy years that have passed. I live again in fancy those
dear dead days, so long gone.

We were in college at Laurens, boarding at Captain McClintock's,
on Main street, just opposite where the First Methodist Church now
stands. The college was prosperous then. There were a large
number of pupils under Dr. E. T. Buist, President. In the autumn
of i860, as we would look out into the streets, we saw groups of
grave, earnest men talking. "There is sure to be war," they said,
"and that soon." How little we realized what war meant!

South Carolina passed the Ordinance of Secession. Then we bad
torchlight processions, bon-fires, martial music, and the stately march-
ing of the "State Guards," the pride of Laurens. They numbered
more than one hundred young men, under command of Captain
Conway Garlington, W. W. Hance, R. E. Richardson and other
officers. A handsome flag was made and presented to them by Miss
Mary Farley, or Miss Kate Eichelberger, I forget which. The pal-
metto tree on it was painted by Miss Lydie Simpson.

Then all was brightness; later on came the prose, the fearful

reality.

"Oh! blindness to ttie future, kindly given,
That each might fill the place allotted him by Heaven."

Before many moons had waxed full and waned, many of these
brave men lay wounded and dying on far-away battlefields.

At that time we had but one train a day from Columbia. The
blowing of a long whistle was a signal of notification that other

150 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

States had followed the lead set by South Carolina. When the long
whistle was heard there would be wildest enthusiasm, bands playing,
flags flying, and the tramp, tramp of the military and many excited
citizens. A crowd usually gathered at our boarding-house to see
them pass. Sometimes Captain McQintock would call for a speech,
and some of the young officers would respond in eloquent, fiery
words, telling of wrongs that must be redressed.

Farley, Todd, Watts, Garlington, Hance, Simpson, Davis, Hol-
lingsworth, and many others — again I fancy I see them standing in
the open gateway, handsome, brave, earnest, and hear borne on the
wintry winds their manly tones and thrilling words. But it is only a
memory — they are all gone !

"Their bodies dust, their good swords rust.
Their souls are with the saints, we trust."

At last the winter was over; the first green of spring lay like a
mist over tree, turf and shrub. By this time many new companies
had been formed. "The Briars," under Colonel R. P. Todd; Mus-
grove Volunteers, Captain B. S. Jones ; Wadsworth Volunteers, Cap-
tain Walker; Company Raiborn, W. J. M. Jones, B. W. Ball. Later
on there were others, among them the "Enoree Mosquitoes," Captain
J. N. Brown.

In the sweet April days came the news of the bombardment of
Fort Sumter. Our soldiers were ordered to Charleston, and soon
from there to Virginia. Alas ! the horrors of war were upon us.
At Fort Randall, near the Yellowstone, Colonel George S. James and
W. H. Franks resigned their commissions in the regular army of the
United States and hurried home, riding more than eight hundred
miles on mules. Colonel James was the man who fired the first gun
at Fort Sumter. He was later in command of the Third Battalion,
and was killed at the battle of Boonesboro. Mr. Franks is one of
our surviving veterans.

Now the women came in for their share of the war. Soldiers'
aid societies were formed all over the country. Banners were made
and sent to the men at the front. The wheel, spindle, distaff and
loom made linen, woolen and cotton cloths, which were speedily
transformed by hand into thousands of garments. Sewing machines
were rare then. Soft woolen and cotton socks were spun and knit by
busy hands. Boxes with good things to wear and to eat were con-
stantly sent to the front. While for the hospitals every available

Laurens County During the War 151

delicacy was prepared and sent in large quantities. Sometimes it
Wets difficult to fill these boxes. Tea, coffee, sugar, spices, soda, were
unknown luxuries. At times even salt was out of the reach of many
to purchase.

During one of our Commencements, while the girls were enjoying
themselves, the battle of Gettysburg was raging. Some of us had
brothers bleeding and dying on that hard-fought field, but we knew
it not. At the battle of Brandy Station, Captain William Downs
Farley, of our town, fell, mortally wounded. The same shell that
ended his life shattered the limb of General M. C. Butler. Brave,
handsome, talented Farley — his brilliant career as scout on General
J. E. B. Stuart's staff was soon ended 1 His grave is near Culpepper,
Virginia.

It vividly comes before me, as I sit in the quiet of peace, our sad
good-bye to one of our class, Theodore Hance, who volunteered
with the sixteen-year-old boys. In a short time he was killed at
the battle of Chickamauga, and brought home to be laid at rest.
When we stood by his coffin and saw the still white face of one who
was so recently with us in the class-room, we realized vividly the
cruelty of war! Dr. Ferdinand Jacobs was then our President.
How tenderly he addressed us as we stood around the open grave !

Many sick and wounded soldiers passed through Laurens on their
way to their homes. They were most kindly cared for at our Way-
side Hospital, under the care of Mr. William Hance, whose three'
sons had been killed. He and Colonel J. P. Hoyt, the father of our
lamented Colonel James A. Hoyt, met the trains, looking for the sick
and needy soldiers, whose wants were supplied in the hospital by
the good women near by. Many recovered and went on, but some
poor fellows died and are buried here.

We were greatly favored that we were spared the trials that fell
to the lot of many others, and only knew of the ravages of war from
a distance, but realized it most fully when dear ones fell at the front.
Just before the surrender a small part of Stoneman's raiders passed
through, doing but little harm. Our hearts ached for Columbia, and
we were in terror of Sherman coming this way, but in mercy this
was spared us. Our little town was the home of many refugees from
the coast ; to these we gave a welcome and shared with them the best
we had.

At last, on that fateful day in April, there came the news : "Lee
has surrendered; our men will soon be at home." We could not

152 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

believe it, but before long they began to come — ragged, weary, for-
lorn and hopeless. The end had come, folded away forever was the
"Banner of the Bars." To many homes no loved ones came.

"In nameless graves on battle plains,
Washed by the dreary winter rains,"

they lay, sleeping the years away, until our Saviour shall come in
the East. Not many of our heroes are left; these gray-haired vet-
erans are fast crossing to the other side. On our last Memorial Day,
Sergeant Lamb wore his faded suit of gray, waved the flag of the
Third South Carolina Volunteers, which he had carried through
many battles, and joined in singing, "When the Roll is Called up
Yonder, I'll be There." The next morning he was found dead; he
had responded to the call above.

My reminiscences must now close. Over the fields trampled with
battle, saturated with blood and torn with the ruts of cannon, grass
is growing, beautiful grass, nature's kindly benediction covers the
scars. Another generation has arisen, and when the May-time is
here with its carol of birds and the chaliced perfume of bud and
blossom in the air, with reverent feet they go,

"Lovingly laden with flowers,

Alike for the friend and the foe;
Under the sod and the dew,

Waiting the Judgment Day,
Under the roses the Blue,

Under the lilies the Gray."

S. B. Pluss.

Reminiscences.

By Mrs. Cornelia MacMichael Conner, of the Paul McMichael Chapter, Orangeburg, S. C.

Away back in the sixties, forty years ago, and yet it seems but
yesterday. We were then a happy, rollicking set of girls out at the
Legare College, where Claflin University now stands.

Fort Sumter had been evacuated, and the whole South was aflame
with the spirit of liberty. Orangeburg and Barnwell clasped hands,
and many of their noblest sons marched to the front in Hagood's
Regiment. It was on the college campus that a lovely flag from the
ladies was presented to those young and fearless boys, with this
message :

"Come with it when the battle's done,
Or on it from the field."

Reminiscences 153

Oh ! how young and brave they seemed, and so willing to fight
for their beloved South. Alas ! many young hearts which beat with
bright hopes for the future never came back again. I well recall
the day the regiment marched away, as the band played, "The Girl
I Left Behind Me." Even today my heart thrills at the recollection
of those never-to-be-forgotten scenes. Gray-haired fathers and
mothers went with their boys to the depot, and said "Go," while their
hearts were breaking. One mother I saw embrace her boy and then
fall in a dead swoon as he left her. When she revived some one
asked: "Do you want (your son to stay at home and not fight?"
"Who ?" she responded, "my boy a coward ? I would not own him
if he failed now." There was another, a father, who was in the
army with his two sons. One day he came home without them. His
wife went out to meet him, and with that strange foreboding which
comes to so many of us, she said, calmly: "Our boys are dead?"
"Yes," he answered, "but don't weep; they died for such a glorious
cause."

During these troubled times the very air was full of the news of
battle. The older people said : "The winds seemed to bring the
groans of the wounded and dying to their ears," but to the younger
each breeze seemed to waft shouts of victory. The post-offices and
railway stations were filled with eager throngs waiting for the news,
and when the papers came, how intently they listened as some one
read aloud the names of the killed, wounded and missing. During a
vacation, I was visiting a class-mate in Fairfield County. After mid-
night we were aroused by the barking of the watch-dog, and heard
a voice say : "Go 'way, Towser, don't mek out you dun-no me ; you
aint forgit Bip." Instantly my friend arose, and we went down-
stairs. "Oh! Nellie," she said, "Brother Frank is either dead or
captured." Just then we heard her mother say: "Bip, where is
Frank?" "Oh! Miss," the old negro blurted out, "Marse Frank is
done for. When dem cannon 'gin to bellow and roar fore de battle
of Seven Pines, he come to me and say, 'Here, Bip, if I fall today
carry my Bible and watch to my mother ; good-bye,' and he choke like
and walk off quick, looking so fine and grand in dem shiny clothes.
'My God,' I say, 'Marse Frank, lemme go too,' but de drum beat and
de music start, and our mens git wild, dey fight like tigers, but I
aint see Marse Frank no more. Late dat evenin' when de guns was
growlin' low and de sun look like a ball of fire through de black
smoke, Marse Shelton Moore gallop by me, en he wipe he eye and

154 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

say, 'Bip, Frank is killed, yes killed, climbing the embankment, wav-
ing our flag. Go home and tell his mother.' So, Miss, I come, but
my old heart is broke for de young master I left behind."

At last the surrender came. General Lee said good-bye to the
remnant of his army. His parting words were : "Be as brave and
faithful in peace as you have been in war;" and with heavy but
determined hearts, those noble men turned their faces homeward
to meet disaster and ruin. How well they kept their troth, and how
soon they made "the waste places blossom like the rose," oh ! Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy, we who know can tell.

A. CKild's Recollections of the Wslt- Betiveen tKe

■States.

When the "War Between the States" began I was quite a child.
We were then living at Fort Johnson on James Island, and thus
witnessed the firing upon of the "Star of the West" from the Con-
federate sand battery on Morris Island, manned by the Citadel
Cadets. It occurred quite early on the morning of the 9th of Jan-
uary, 1861. We were at breakfast, and it caused an entire stampede
of the family to the front piazza, from whence we saw the steamer
heading towards Fort Sumter, with supplies for the relief of the
Federal garrison under Maj. Robert Anderson. We could clearly
see each flash of the guns from our little battery, and finally the turn-
ing about and sailing off of the shif). All were greatly excited. My
father's body-servant mounted a large stump to watch the firing.
When it was all over he gave three cheers and proceeded to stand
on his head, or rather to try and do so, not much of a hearty welcome
to his Yankee friends.

Shortly after this, as a military necessity, we were obliged to vacate
our house, it being a good site for a mortar battery, so we went
further up the island, and our house was blown up just before the
battle of Fort Sumter, as it interfered with the range of the guns.
Thus I was both eye and ear witness to the bombardment of Fort
Sumter, which lasted nearly two days, ending, as we all know, in
the surrender of the fort by the Federal garrison.

From James Island we moved to Charleston, remaining there until
December, 1861, when with many others we were burned out in the
great fire which swept the city from water's edge to water's edge,
destroying about one-half. We lost all our household goods, saving

A Child's Recollections of the War 155

but little more than our clothiiig. The horrors of that night are never
to be forgotten; the wind and rain would come in gusts — unfortu-
nately not enough rain to have any eiifect on the flames, which the
wind added to the fury of. My mother, with her little baby but a
month old, had to leave the house for the first time since the baby's
birth. The exposure caused the little one to take cold, from which it
never recovered. My father, Mr. Edward Mellichamp, an officer in
the Engineer Corps, was stationed on one of the islands near the city,
could see the flames, but was unable to come to our aid. Fortunately
my grand-father's house was not in the track of the fire, so he took
us in. But the scenes of distress we witnessed that night will never
be forgotten, they are indelibly stamped on my memory. There
would be whole families with all the belongings they had been able
to save, sitting on the pavements, not knowing where to go ; women
walking about wringing their hands, frenzied with grief, searching
for children who had become separated from them in the confusion.
I hope never to be. called upon to pass through such an experience
again.

After this we refugeed in Sumter, where we lived about two years
before going out into the country about five miles from the town,
staying there until the close of the war. I remember an amusing
incident while we were there. One afternoon, most unexpectedly, a
negro boy came galloping past yelling: "The Yankees are coming!"
In a moment all was confusion, all trying to secrete their valuables,
silver, jewelry, provisions, everything that they supposed would be
destroyed. I became possessed with the idea that the Yankees would
certainly want my dolls, so I got a box, in which I packed the dolls
and their clothing and then buried them so securely that they never
could be found again. After all it was a false alarm; the Yankees
never came.

In December, 1864, my father, who was then with Captain Chi-
chester's company of Zouaves, was captured at Fort McAllister,
near Savannah, by Sherman's army and taken to Point Lookout, Md.,
where in the following June he died a prisoner of war and a victim
to the merciless cruelty and brutality of the Yankees.

We were still in Sumter District when General Porter made his
raid through this State, passing through Sumter, burning the depot
and jail after a sharp fight with the Confederates at Dingle's Mill,
three miles south of Sumter. This took place on Sunday, April 9,
1865, the very day that Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appo-
matox. The engagement at Dingle's Mill was for my eldest brother.

156 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

a boy between seventeen and eighteen years of age, his first and only
battle. We were only two or three miks away, and could hear every
shot, which came very near crazing my mother. All night my
brother did not return, but next morning before breakfast he came,
bringing a soldier with him. They were footsore and hungry, and
so black with smoke as to be hardly recognizable.

The Yankees remained in Sumter for some time, ransacking,
pillaging, and doing all that was mean and vile. It was during their
stay there that Mr. Robert Bee, of Charleston, an old gentleman, too
old to go into the army, was living just outside the town. He was
taken upstairs in his own house and hung to the rafters of the garret.
The last seen of him he was walking off with two of the Yankees —
none saw them return to the house. After the Yankees left he did
not return. Search was made for him, when his daughter found him
hung in the garret. He had then been dead for some time.

I have tried to write as clearly as I can remember. If there are
errors they are due to my youth at that time.

The war is over, but it is sometimes hard to forgive; to forget it,
we never can.

Alice Mellichamp Burch.

Personal Recollections and Experiences.

By Mrs. Mary Montage White, of Greenville CShapter, U. D. O.

In compliance with the request of many friends that I should con-
tribute my recollections of the War Between the States to the second
volume of "South Carolina Women in the Confederacy," I shall com-
mence with the never-to-be-forgotten second of September, 1861,
when Company I, of the Fourteenth South Carolina Volunteers,
Capt. H. H. Harper commanding, left for Virginia. I had been
asked to make a banner and present it to this company. Standing
on my father's piazza in the town of Lowndesville, in Anderson
County, I committed it to the strong arms and brave hearts of eighty-
five noble soldiers with the fire of patriotism kindled in their eyes,
love, enthusiasm and zeal burning in their breasts, eager to redress
our country's wrongs. The Rev. J. DeWitt Burkhead, passing down
the line presented each member with a Bible. This flag was cap-
tured in the battles around Richmond and carried North. When
the Confederate Museum was opened in Richmond the kind lady
in whose hands this banner had fallen sent it to the South Carolina

Personal Recollections and Experiences 157

room. When the veterans had their reunion in Richmond in July,
1895, my husband, Capt. W. R. White, while visiting the Museum,
recognized the flag, and through the kindness of Mrs. W. P. DeSaus-
sure, it was returned to him. On the same date thirty-five years later
I stood on the same spot and again presented this banner to the few
remaining old battle-scarred veterans, who, on seeing it once more,
gave the "Rebel yell." It is now in my possession, retained as a
valued relic of the "Lost Cause" we love so well.

As soon as this company had left, the ladies went directly to a large
hall and formed themselves into a "Woman's Working Society,"
pledging themselves that if they could help it this especial company
should lack for nothing. At one time Major C. R. McCalla gave
to each member a sufficiency of home-made jeans for a full suit.
The tailor had the measure of every member; he did the cutting
and the "Woman's Working Society" did the sewing. We carded,
spun, wove, knit and even made hats ; we constantly sent boxes of
provisions and clothing. Mrs. Marion Latimer was President, Mrs.
Montague Mosley, Vice-President, Mrs. Power, Treasurer, and I
(Mrs. White), Secretary. Women were not up in parliamentary
rules then as now, so it will amuse you to hear how we four cap-
tured the offices, unintentionally. Mrs. W. T. Cunningham was in
the chair ; she appointed us as a committee on nominations ; we left
the room for the purpose; when we returned, as Secretary I an-
nounced the nominations ; Mrs. Cunningham smiled and said : "Well,
ladies, this is a quick way to elect, but if agreeable to the others,
I am sure it is to me." We had elected ourselves, and walked right
into office, not conscious of any mistake, until our gentlemen friends
laughed at us; but we remained in office, were re-elected and tried
to serve faithfully.

Company I had been ordered to Virginia, where they were en-
gaged in the fiercest battles. My husband, now Captain, was
wounded near Richmond and was carried to the hospital, where he
contracted fever. My cousin. Major J. Henry Montague, hearing
he was there, had him moved to his home and sent for me. Reach-
ing Richmond, I was told that it would be impossible to get a fur-
lough for him, as the chaplain, the surgeon and the attending physi-
cian had each made application and failed. I said : "I will go to
Dr. McCall myself." The next morning my father went with me
to the hospital. On presenting ourselves at the door we were in-
formed that my father could not go in with me; so alone I passed
through this long room filled with wounded, suffering, dying and

158 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

dead soldiers. Oh, the groans, the shrieks of pain, the loud calls for
their loved ones! I entered a small room where Dr. McCall was
amputating a leg. I waited until he had finished, when I approached
him, and placing my hands on his shoulders and looking into his
eyes, said : "Dr. McCall, I want a furlough for my husband, Captain
White, who is wounded and has typhoid fever." He said in quick
tones : "I could not see him for a fortnight." I said : "Doctor, I
will bring him to the hospital." He snatched his watch, looking at it,
said in more hurried tones : "At two o'clock tomorrow." I dared
not trespass on his valuable time, so simply saying "thank you," I
passed out and down that long hall again, feeling, o}i! if I could
relieve the sufferings of these noble fellows, how gladly 1 would.
My father secured an ambulance, and the next day before the ap-
pointed hour we were in front of the hospital. Exactly at two o'clock
Dr. McCall walked out to the ambulance, and after making an exam-
ination, said : "He must leave the city, or he will be a dead man in less
than thirty-six hours. There are ninety-nine chances against him
as it is." Mr White roused himself at this last remark and in a faint
voice said : "Doctor, my country needs me, so I will hold fast to
that one chance." The doctor grasped his hand, saying : "God bless
you, Captain; a man with such determination will pull through."
Turning to my father, he said : "I will fill blanks and send permits,
so you can leave the city at three o'clock."

Returning to my cousin's we found another cousin. Rev. Henry
Walter Watkins, pastor of Pine Street Baptist Church, waiting for us.
He said he wanted me to see some of Richmond's sights, which invi-
tation I gladly accepted, after seeing my husband made comfortable,
and left with my father and mother, who were also at my cousin's
nursing my brother, who had entered the service in his seventeenth
year and had been desperately wounded. In July he reached home
on his eighteenth birthday. He had to use crutches for years, and
though he has long since laid them aside, he still has a constant
reminder that he went into the war when only a boy.

Among the places the Rev. Mr. Watkins and myself visited was
the President's mansion, where we saw President and Mrs. Davis.
Later, in 1865, the President passed through South Carolina, almost
in speaking distance of our home, and was entertained for one night
at the home of my uncle. Col. James Bruce, on the banks of the
Savannah River. But I am getting too far away from my story.
The next day my father, myself, Mr. White, and his servant, left
for South Carolina. My father returned immediately to Richmond,

Personal Recollections and Experiences. 159

so little hope being entertained for my brother's recovery. Just
before going to Richmond, I had made a beautiful hat of palmetto.
I took it with me more as a curiosity. The ladies were all delighted
with it, and there was such a demand for it I could hardly decide to
whom to give it ; finally, I gave it to Mrs. Weith, promising to send
five others, which I did, receiving charming letters of thanks.

I now come to Stoneman's raid through upper South Carolina,
which others have vividly related ; but no pen can adequately depict
the horrors in that beautiful city of Anderson. The object of this
raid was to capture President Davis, as the Federals had ascertained
that he had been in Abbeville and had crossed the Savannah River.
Having no telephone offices or telegraph wires to flash the news, we
were dependent on wild rumors which were coming thick and fast.
On the night of May 1st, came the news, "Sherman's army is in
Anderson, burning and destroying everything." Knowing that our
town lay directly in their march to the river, we were hourly expect-
ing these lawless marauders, so began hiding our valuables. I
remember putting my watch and other articles up the chimney. The
following winter, when sitting before a blazing fire, I heard a click
upon the hearth, and looking up, saw my ruined watch. The second
and third of May passing without the raiders having put in an
appearance, we began to hope we would escape, but early on the
morning of the fourth, before we knew of their approach, our streets,
stores, and homes were overrun with these rough raiders, demanding
something to eat, taking all valuables they could find, carrying with
them every horse and mule. Our next door neighbor's servant
mounted one of his master's finest horses. As he was leaving town,
without even his hat, waved an adieu and said, "Good-bye, Masser."
He answered, "Good-bye, Jim, but where are you going?" Jim
replied, "I dunno, Massa ; dey dun gi' me dis hoss ; I 'spose I'se gwine
to Heaven or a better place." Poor Jim returned without his "hoss,"
footsore, tired, hungry, without having gone to either place. I saw
my father's carriage horses and his best mules ridden away.

These raiders committed many depredations, in some instances
they were most brutal and cruel. A wealthy old man refusing to
reveal the hiding place of his gold and silver, which were as dear
to him as his life, was hung up by his thumbs ; others, rather than
suffer such treatment, surrendered what was dear to them. My two
little girls were badly frightened, and while clinging to me a rough,
uncouth fellow asked the youngest, "And whar is your pappy ?" The
little one looked into my face and said, "Mamma, where is my papa?"

i6o South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

I answered, "God knows, my little girl, but we do not." For we were
ignorant that he had been captured at Lee's surrender, and was then
at Johnson's Island, where he was by no means kindly treated ; but
had his jailers been honest he need not have suffered as he did.
Major Montague sent him $io in gold from Richmond, Va. ; Mrs.
Bronson, from Richmond, Ky., sent him the same amount, but not
one penny was ever given him. The morning he was discharged
from prison the guard brought him a little breakfast, some coffee
and a small piece of tobacco, and said : "You had a little money sent
you, and we bought this for you."

On the night of the fourth of July, 1865, some friends were visiting
my father's family, sitting with them on the front gallery. I was
alone in my room, at the window watching the moon, for it was a
lovely night, and praying for my suspense to be relieved, when I saw
a man riding up street. I heeded neither horse nor rider, until I
heard my mother call my husband's name and heard him asking for
me. Then, indeed, our hearts went up in gratitude to Him who is
the God and Father of us all, who had been our "shield and buckler."
The sense of duty done, and the knowledge of God's providence over-
ruling all things, filled us with joy and peace, and we exclaimed,
"The Lord is good." We walked hand in hand through life's
journey, until a few years ago. "He fought the last fight, the victory
won," and now awaits us on "that shining shore."

A Confederate 'Wedding.

We had waited long, thinking that the war would end, but when
peace seemed as far off as ever, we decided to be married on the
fourth of January, 1865, and it is of this wedding that I have been
asked to tell the story.

Dr. Evans was then stationed with General Kershaw's Brigade at
Petersburg, only twenty miles from Richmond. Although so near,
leave of absence had been refused, so telling General Kershaw of
his desire, he asked him as a personal favor to sign a petition for
leave of absence on special business which imperatively required his
personal attention, and to send this application up to the higher
authorities with as strong an endorsement as he could give it. This
was done, a courier took the paper to General MacLaws, next in
command, who, after signing it, passed it on to General Longstreet
for his approval, and so on until in the course of time it reached Gen-
eral Lee's headquarters, when Major Taylor, his adjutant, signed for

A Confederate Wedding. i6i

him. This paper, with its valuable autographs, is one of our most
cherished posessions, marking as it does the most important episode
of our lives. Armed with his leave of absence the doctor came to
Richmond on January 3, 1865. His first visit was to the passport
office to secure his passport to leave the city. There he was the
victim of a laughable incident caused by the innocence of childhood.
I had a little nephew about seven years old, who happened to have
gone to this office with a servant. The doctor, who was one of a long
line waiting their turn, had just asked for a passport for his wife and
himself, when the Httle chap spied him and called out loudly, "Why,
doctor, ain't you going to marry my aunt Nette in the morning ?" You
may imagine the roar of laughter which followed, and the blushes of
the expectant groom. There was another circumstance which might
have proved a serious obstacle. The law of Virginia requires a mar-
riage license. The doctor had never heard of this law, and was,
therefore, at no pains to procure a license. One of my brothers who
was also in the army, and had come home to act as groomsman, hear-
ing no mention of the license, became uneasy, and went in search of
the doctor, to know if he had obtained one. He fortunately met him
and they went together to the office of the Hustings Court, where
licenses are issued. It was almost dark, and the clerk was just about
to mount his horse and ride to his home, about four miles distant
from the city. On hearing the case he most good-naturedly returned
and gave the required license.

All that day and night the snow had fallen heavily ; by next morn-
ing the ground was covered with a flimsy mantle five or six inches
deep. As may be supposed, our household was up early, for a wed-
ding at six o'clock on a January morning is an early affair. Two
little friends of mine waded through the snow before daylight to be
present. The feelings of one of them so overcame her, and she wept
so copiously, that she had to retire behind the sofa and so saw nothing
of .the ceremony. We had about thirty persons present, inmates of
the house, and two ministers to tie fast the knot.

Of course, a principal feature was the wedding breakfast — a very
substantial repast, the memory whereof, with the Chesapeake oysters,
fine gobbler, and real coffee — still lingers in the memory of one of the
guests from this State, for he recalls it every time we meet. There
were hundreds of farewells, and a rush to catch the only train that
left Richmond for the South. Of that journey, which took nine
hours to cover one hundred miles, little is to be said. One incident
I will relate, as a warning to my young friends that they fall not into

11

i62 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the same pit. The cars being crowded, I had to take a seat by a
young girl, a stranger to me. The doctor came to make some in-
quiries about my baggage; he called me by my name, and shortly
after called me "Miss Nette." The girl with whom I had commenced
to talk said, "May I ask you a question ?" I answered, "Certainly,"
wheig she said, "Are you not just married?" I asked why she thought
so, she said, "Because the gentleman with you first called you Miss,
and then by your name, so I concluded you were just married, and he
had not become accustomed to calling you by your name." I had to
acknowledge that such was the case.

It was nearly dark when we reached our destination, and found
all that was procurable was one two-seated vehicle to convey five
passengers, three of them women, and one baby. The gentlemen had
to plough through more than six inches of snow. We reached the
house to find a truly Southern welcome awaiting us. We had dinner
of baked chicken, potatoes and corn bread. The desert, dried apple
pies sweetened with sorghum, then followed walnuts, ending with
coffee — a real Confederate article, made with parched sweet potatoes
and okra mixed, but sweetened with sorghum and without cream or
milk. This however, was flavored with extract of coffee, which,
made it really good. We had a good Confederate wedding dinner.

Here we had to remain for two weeks, a washout on the road stop-
ping all travel. The doctor's patriotism did not force him to walk
forty miles to join his command. As soon as the road was in running
order he did so, going to Charleston, and I did not see him until after
the surrender at Greensboro in April.

This story will not be complete without some account of my trous-
seau, and the "many and costly presents." First, my wedding dress
cost $350.00, and I was very lucky to get it. It was of such material
as could be purchased now for about 25 cents, but then thought' very
handsome. My best dress was simple, but costly, as was everything
I had. No trimming could be purchased, but a friend having ripped
up a blue silk dress and sold the widths I was fortunate in procuring
two of them. These formed elegant trimming for my dress. A
black velvet bonnet with pink crushed roses, which was considered
the crowning glory of my outfit. This was one of my presents.
Then there were a pair of kid gloves— how proud I was of them !
also a present; a cake of toilet soap, and last but not least, a $50
Confederate bill, which I invested in a 25-cents wooden water bucket.

Nette P. Evans.

Occupation of Lancaster by the Yankees 163

The Occupation of I^ancaster, S. C, by the YanRees,
L'ecl by General KilpatricK.

Memories of Llda B. Jones, then between four and five years of age.

Born when the spirit of animosity and hatred was greatest between
North and South, it would seem very fitting that my mind should
have imbibed some of those bitter feelings; yet, when I look back
into the vistas of the past, I am afraid I will disappoint you when I
say I have naught save a kindly feeling for the Yankees.

My birthday was January ist, i860; when the Yankees came
through, I was between four and five years old. I know I remember
something of those days ; the rest has been told so often until I can
not tell where memory stops and hearsay begins. A dim recollection
of "Muster Day" comes forward, when country wagons from far
and near would come throughout the county — a roll of drums, the
marching of many men on foot and on horses, stands built on Main
street, where cider and gingerbread were sold; nothing distinct,
everybody busy — a suppressed sorrow and excitement in the air.

I don't remember how the news of surrender was received, but
I do remember that one morning my mother made my nurse (for
I was the "baby") dress me in two or three of my best dresses, all
at one time. I noticed also that every one of my sisters seemed to
have thriven immensely since the day before. Upon inquiry, the
nurse informed me "the Yankees was comin' and 'Miss' was puttin'
all these close on to keep dem from gittin' 'em." Dishes packed in
large hamper baskets, and a chest of medicine, were taken under the
house (which was built high from the ground on the front, and lat-
ticed), to be buried.

At last, on the morning of February 23d, 1865, some of the ser-
vants came running to tell us "de Yankees was comin', 'cause dey
was burnin' all along de road." Sure enough, this was true. As
we looked from our back piazza, for quite a distance in every direc-
tion could be seen the smoke of many fires, as if gleaming by the
wayside. My mother, a fearless little woman, was standing on her
front piazza, and saw riding up the street (we lived on Main street)
an uncouth-looking man on a shaggy pony ; around the man's shoul-
ders was an old army blanket tied together with a string. He
stopped at our piazza, and my mother being the only human being
in sight, asked her for a map of the United States. A servant came
out directly and handed it to him. Unrolling it, he looked at it
awhile, and then, turning to my mother, he said : "You can't fool

164 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

me ; this is not the map." She smilingly replied : "If you could read
you would know that you are holding it upside down." He took it,
and, turning, rode away. That was the first Yankee we knew to
enter Lancaster.

The first house to be burned, that I know of, was the jail. I
remember distinctly looking, with the rest of the family, from our
sitting room window to see the blaze. Everyone expected their own
homes would be next, so we were under a veritable sword of Dam-
ocles. We found out later that the map of the town in their posses-
sion had marked on it the four principal dwellings on Main street,
then occupied by Mr. Geo. McC. Witherspoon, Mr. James H. With-
erspoon, Mr. Daniel W. Brown, and Dr. Robt. L. Crawford, as
objects to be burned. Mr. Geo. Witherspoon's house had lighted
paper thrown on the staircase and in the beds, but some of the
faithful servants put the fire out.

As soon as the main army arrived. Gen. Kilpatrick, with his staff,
made a bee-line for our house — the home of Daniel W. Brown — and
the commanding general made it his headquarters during his occu-
pation of Lancaster. Soon the wide front piazzas were draped with
Union flags, the whole premises swarming with soldiers, the yards
filled with wagons, ambulances, horses, mules, and Yankees every-
where. I was dazed, for never had I seen such a sight. I don't
think I was badly frightened. Our family, consisting of my mother,
one married and two single sisters, and two young brothers, had to
remain in one bedroom at night. There we ate, slept and cooked.
The parlors, halls and piazzas were free to all. The upstairs front
room, over the parlor, Kilpatrick occupied with some woman who
came in a carriage with him. In the afternoons they would come
downstairs and sit in the parlor; then my mother and sisters would
leave the room; but I, in my childish ignorance, rather admired her
long gold earrings, her jewelry and her gay plaid silks. I did not
like Kilpatrick much, but the officers of his staff petted me a great
deal. Sometimes my mother would miss me and would find me in
the adjutant-general's room, dining with them — a big towel tied
under my chin, and a tall white servant feeding me with care and
attention.

At twilight, Captain Brink would seat me on his shoulder, while
Captain Hays would run after me. Right merrily we frolicked up
and down the long piazza, 'neath the Union flags, the other soldiers
looking smilingly on. Little cared I which side I was on; in my
childish ignorance I considered them the best of friends.

Occupation of Lancaster by the Yankees 165

When the time of pillage began, my interest was great indeed to
see the men go into the cellar and outhouses, empty can after can
of lard (my mother had tended with her own hands) upon the
ground. Then they knocked the head from a barrel of New Orleans
molasses, poured the contents into large soap kettles from the smoke
house, and made candy. Great ropes of this candy, as big as a man's
arm, were fed to the mules. How I did laugh at the sight ! They
ate it, too, evidently with a relish. Everything eatable was either
taken or destroyed, except some flour, hams, coffee, lard, etc., which
the officers permitted my mother to stow away under the beds in her
room, and thus we were fairly well off, as far as provisions went.

When the soldiers began to fill the back yard, there were several
ash barrels on a kind of platform underneath a large cedar tree.
Our head cook, Mammy Sylvia, had concluded that this would be
a fine place to hide something. Soon a man rode up, and, dis-
mounting, proceeded to throw his bridle-reins over one of the barrels.
Mammy had been watching for this contratemps for quite a while,
and, rushing out, she commenced pleading with him not to spill her
ashes out. Her earnestness excited his curiosity, and soon quite a
crowd collected around the two. No sooner was the horse hitched
than he jerked over the barrel and, much to mammy's chagrin and
the soldiers' delight, out rolled several large hams.

Sunday morning the band played before our front door ; music on
the piano followed ; my sisters were importuned to play, but declined.

The Masonic Lodge had been rifled. When the army arrived,
one of the aprons was lying on a lounge in the lower hall. An
officer, seeing it, asked my mother if her husband was a Mason.
She told him "Yes." He replied : "Madam, nO' harm shall come to
you or yours ; if ever I find your husband he shall be well treated."
They tried very hard to capture my father, and told my mother so,
describing him very accurately. This caused her much anxiety, but
she had a smile on her face as they talked. They wound up by
saying: "Oh, we've got him sure, for his name, Daniel W. Brown,
is on his clothes." How her anxious heart leaped with joy, for,
though she never told them so, not one piece of his linen was marked.

Every day the different ladies of the town would come to ask for
a guard. We always had one pacing up and down the hallway
past our bedroom door. He gave me a $5 gold piece one day when
on duty, and the next day he returned and stole it.

The Yankees remained in Lancaster one week. The rumor that
Wheeler's men were coming hurried their departure. While in our

i66 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

house they did not mar the furniture nor get time to fire the house.
In fact, we were better treated than many others, thanks to the gen-
tlemanly officers of Kilpatrick's staff. Kilpatrick himself, I am sure,
cared very little about it, but perhaps the Masonic apron helped.
As they were hurriedly leaving, our nice new carriage was driven
to the front door. (I was standing by the steps looking on.) On
the back seat were Kilpatrick and the woman with the long ear-
rings ; on the front seat were heaped our feather pillows and fleecy
blankets ; on the box-seat was a white driver. The horses, I believe,
were Kilpatrick's own.

r remember my father's home-coming. I ran from him, for his
whiskers frightened me. Of course, many incidents are crowding
around me, but I write down only those most graphic to my childish
mind. I remember when Dr. Robt. L. Crawford's body was brought
home with the head severed from the body. How I cried as the guns
boomed over his grave 1 A brave man, a true friend, and chivalric
gentleman !

I remember the night before the Yankees came, February 22d,
that our Confederate army, or part of it (Butler's Brigade), from
Northern Virginia, passed right down Main street, the head of the
column stopping in front of our door; plates heaped with supper,
with great pots of "Confederate coffee," were served by the ladies
of our town to the weary soldiers. What greetings there were, for
many of our cousins, with their friends and comrades, were there —
among them my mother's nephews, John and Sam Dixon. There
were Yankee spies in the crowd, for one came in our piazza and was
talked about afterwards.

Even now my heart thrills, as from memory's walls I tear the veil
and look once more upon this scene : the old home piazza filled with
excited, eager faces — some laughing, some weeping — the roadway
filled with horsemen, seen by the flickering light of the fires and
torches ; the black faces as anxious as the white ones as they listened
once more to voices of those left to mourn our Lost Cause.

Recollections.

Narrative by Mrs. Octavla Harby Moses (aged 80 years), of Sumter, S. C.

When the war broke out my two sons, J. L. Moses and Perry
Moses, the latter only seventeen years old, joined the Palmetto
Guards and went to Virginia. Like every other Southern woman,
I immediately began to work for the soldiers. I organized a sewing

MES. OCTAVIA HAEBY MOSESj SL'MTEE.

Recollections 167

society to cut and make garments for them. Many boxes of clothes
and provisions were sent off, not only to my own sons, but to many
others who needed them. I made it a point to try and meet every
train that brought soldiers through our town, and, with others, fre-
quently walked from my home, sometimes at two o'clock in the
morning, to take food to our men as they passed through. We
always greeted them with the wildest enthusiasm, and no thought
of defeat ever entered our minds.

The news of the battle of Manassas came like a stroke of lightning
over the land. My two sons were in that engagement; my eldest
was wounded, shot through the collar bone. After being nursed in
Virginia by one of the many families that took our soldiers in like
sons of their circle, he was invalided home. As soon as he recovered
he joined with Captain Culpepper in raising a company; in this he
and his brother, Perry, were lieutenants, and were sent to the coast
off Charleston, S. C.

During all this time I worked unceasingly for our soldiers — get-
ting up entertainments to furnish means; and, like other women, I
cut up my carpets and piano cover for them, sent them my blankets,
etc. We did not count such things as privations ; I have always said
that I knew no privations during the war. Whenever the boys were
fortunate enough to get home on short furloughs, they were the
guests of the town — everybody feted them, and nothing was too
much to do in their honor.

My second son, I. Harby Moses, who was in the Citadel, was con-
tinually urging his father and myself to permit him to join the army ;
but, at our earnest entreaty, he consented to remain and graduate,
which he did, with honors, in 1862 — in the meantime drilling the
soldiers during his vacation. I had saved a sum of money to send
him to Europe to study art, as he was that way inclined ; but that
thought was abandoned, as his country needed his services, and the
money was expended in purchasing necessaries.

As time progressed, my fourth son, Horace, who would not wait
for his prescribed age, went in at seventeen, and joined his brothers
in Culpepper's Battery.

All the young men at home who did not join the army were
actually driven out by the sneers of the women and of the young
girl^. Old men were called upon to form home guards ; my husband
did duty on the coast near Georgetown, even after he was exempt
by old age.

i68 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

My fifth son,' Jackson, who was ,at school at Hillsboro, N. C, ran
away from there to join the army. We succeeded, however, in
stopping him, and sent him back to school; but we could not keep
him there long. At sixteen he was off again, and this time we let
him have his way. This was near the close of the war, and he was
so young that they gave him guard duty near home. A prison camp
had been established at Florence, S. C, not far from Sumter, and
Jackson was one of the guards over there. I heard that the Northern
prisoners would be brought through our town, and that they were
nearly in a starving condition. I immediately exerted myself to
obtain a large quantity of provisions, intending to give it to them
ourselves as they passed through, but we did not know it in time to
allow of this, so I sent the food over to them by my butler.

Near the close of the war, hospitals were established in Sumter.
Our ladies, of course, took immediate charge, and the soldiers were
fed and nursed with all the means at our command, and all the ten-
derness of Southern women. There were two of them desperately
weak, whom we thought only needed special care and attention;
these we took tO' our home, where they soon showed good results
from the treatment they received. One was Capt. Alexander
Melchers, of Charleston, S. C. ; he afterwards became Major
Melchers, and up to the time of his death cherished the warmest
gratitude for our care; he left his picture with us, which I still have.
As we never heard more of the other one, whose name I forget, we
fear he was killed in battle.

Toward the close of the war, among the many raids of the enemy
in the Southern States, Potter's raiders visited our town. When we
heard that they were advancing, the few males who were left — old
men, boys and invalided soldiers — gathered for our defense, and even
the hospitals gave up their sick. Our side made a brave defense,
but they were but a very few against a large army, and many a
gallant life was laid down. Lieut. Alexander McQueen and Lieut.
Paimpare (an invalid soldier from New Orleans), Mr. Long and
others, were left dead at Dingle's Mill, the scene of the battle, about
five miles from Sumter.

On Sunday, April gth, 1865, Potter's raiders occupied Sumter.
They entered many houses and took what they wanted, but we were
not treated with undue harshness. They looted the stores and
burned the jail and courthouse. After my husband had been nearly
killed by negro soldiers who demanded liquor (we having previously
emptied our fine wines on the ground), we asked for protection, and

Recollections 169

took so'me officers in our house in order to insure it. We were afraid
to undress our children at night, as we did not know when the torch
might be applied ; we had them dressed in several suits of clothing,
and had provisions and weapons hidden away. However, my hus-
band had already sent into the woods a wagon with four mules, laden
with every kind of food. This was taken there by a faithful negro,
Dick IVDoore, who returned with it safely to us after the raiders
had left.

On Tuesday, April nth. Potter's raiders departed, but not before
burning many buildings and 196 bales of our cotton, in the field in
close proximity to our house. As soon as the Northerners had left,
all the people of the town went round to each other to find out who
were suffering, and how to relieve their needs. We found that poor
old Mr. Bee (a refugee from Charleston) had been murdered by
drunken soldiers. Mr. Harmon DeLeon, of Charleston, and my
husband saw to his burial. My husband also went out to the battle-
field where, assisted by Mr. Augustus Solomons, they together cared
for the dead.

Many families lost all their servants, who went off with the
raiders; but I was more favored — I retained all of mine but two,
and was thus able to assist my less fortunate friends.

In those times we had no telegraph, and we did not know until
some time after, that on April 9th Lee had surrendered, nor that my
eldest son was killed on that very day at Blakeley, Ala., while stand-
ing at his gun, after his company had surrendered at the close of a
nine days' fight.

Also, on April 9th, at the very hour that his brother was killed,
my third son. Perry, was married. He had been wounded on the
eighth day of the fight, and in care of their camp servant, had been
sent to Mobile by his brother. His wedding had been delayed for
three weeks, the fight being too imminent for him to leave his com-
pany.

Just after the ceremony, the city was evacuated and the wounded
soldier had to separate from his bride, whom he did not see for many
months afterward. Her father returned to New Orleans, whence he
had come, taking his family with him, and my son had to earn the
money to go after her.

The rest of the miserable story, through the days of Reconstruc-
tion, need not be told. We suffered as others did, and endured the
best we could. O. H. Moses.

170 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Stxpplemental Narrative.

By Mrs. Rebecca H. Molse, Daughter of Mrs. O. H. Moses.

In the days prior to the Confederate War, the Southern house-
wife had great responsibilities and much to occupy her time. The
multiplicity of her duties is almost inconceivable, even to South-
erners of the present day. The servants around her needed to be
taught, and were slow to learn; they needed guidance, and had no
idea of their own personal responsibility. Thus it was an arduous task
to train them, and more difficult yet to teach them something of mor-
ality. Therefore they had from their Mistress the same attention
as the mother gave her children, only not of the same class. The
women of the South read much, and also kept up with the politics
of the day. The beautiful knightly feeling of the chivalric Southern
man was learned from the daily instruction in morals and manners
that every Southern mother gave to her children.

In the little town of Sumter, S. C, one woman stood preeminent
as a model of good judgment in the management of her family and
establishment ; this was Mrs. Octavia Harby Moses, wife of Andrew
Jackson Moses. Both were bom in Charleston, S. C, and both were
descendants of men of the Revolution. The husband was but
twenty-one and the wife but sixteen when they were married. She
was the daughter of Isaac Harby, the well-known dramatist and
critic, and the originator of Jewish reform in the United States.
There was no place of worship for the Israelites of Sumter, but this
young mother taught her children to revere their faith, and the family
gathered regularly for prayer every Friday evening and Saturday
morning. It was a touching sight when the children, at the close
of the service, went to their beloved mother, and reverently bowed
each head for her hand to rest upon, while she invoked a separate and
especial blessing for each one. In her home rule, love was the stimu-
lant to endeavor, and her praise ample reward for every sacrifice. I
have known a son to sob himself to sleep when she had refused him
her good-night kiss, because he had been especially in error or diso-
bedient. At another time, her forgfiveness would sweeten his rest,
and her tender, strong words of admonition gave deep impression to
the lessons she would inculcate. It was in such atmosphere that the
boys grew up, who were to prove brave and faithful soldiers of our
Lost Cause.

Naturally fond of reading, and recognizing fully the importance
of all knowledge, this mother devoted a part of every day — except

Supplemental Narrative 171

during illness — ^to the perusal of works on literature and history.
She kept up with politics, and read the news of the day with under-
standing. Her sons imbibed her political faith and principles. These
were generally one with her husband's, until the question of secession
arose; this she advocated, while he stood for the Union; however,
when South Carolina dissolved the Union, his thoughts and actions
went with his State; he said "Our country, right or wrong." He
gave his means liberally, and he and his strong helpmate together
encouraged their sons, equipped them for the army, and sent them
forth to battle with love and cheer to sustain them. As the War
continued, from time to time another son would go forth — ^but never
a restraining word was uttered, though no one knew whether the
hand of death would be laid upon them ere they could return to their
dear old home.

Mrs. Moses had been called the "Spartan Mother," and soon she
showed that her courage was truly Spartan, for she it was who ral-
lied the broken spirits all around her, imparted fresh hope to her
defeated sons, and taught her daughters all the practical accom-
plishments, in which, "before the war," the cultured women of the
South were somewhat lacking. She it was whose strong endeavor
essayed to strengthen the broken hearted father; but he never re-
covered from the blow — the death of his first-born^his pride and his
comfort. Kind hearted, honorable, generous, he had many friends
and much influence in politics. He struggled through the crushed
existence until Hampton's political campaign aroused him to action.
Although in broken health, he was first at the polls to cast his vote
for the old hero, and died shortly after his election — in 1876.

On November 23rd, 1869, Mrs. Octavia Moses called a mass
meeting of the people of Sumter to form a Monumental Association,
of which she was unanimously elected President. This entailed much
hard work, which she successfully and cheerfully performed until
after her husband's death, when her eldest daughter took her place
and continued the work. Daughters and granddaughters were all
taught by her, that this was a sacred duty — and the last money
needed to complete the monument in Sumter to the Confederate
dead was made by the personal efforts of her granddaughter,- Dulce
Moise, who often declared that she had been raised for the good of
the Monument.

When the Dick Anderson Chapter of the U. D. C. was formed in
Sumter, Mrs. Moses, being too aged to attend longer to public mat-
ters, and in conjunction with the few other members of the Executive

172 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Committee who were left, turned over the Association and care of thfe
Monument to the keeping of this Chapter, which accepted the sacred
charge with loving reverence.

Some "War-Time Incidents of Stimter County, *. C»

The Daughters of the Confederacy at Sumter Court House named
their Chapter in honor oi General Richard Heron Anderson, "Fight-
ing Dick Anderson," as he was called, a soubriquet which he gained
at the battle of Seven Pines, May, 1862. General Anderson was a
native of Sumter County and was the highest in rank of any Con-
federate General from South Carolina. His brigade did splendid
service in the fights around Richmond ; one company in this brigade,
that comanded by Capt. Alexander Colclough, went into one of these
fights with forty- four men and came out with four. Thus the sons of
Sumter County served their State.

If Sumter County gave Lieut. Gen. R. H. Anderson, and scores of
noble sons to the Southern Confederacy — no less did she possess
heroic daughters. Mothers, wives, sweethearts, buckled on their
loved ones' swords, and bade them go. They filled the knapsacks and
haversacks, some smiling, some weeping, but all with a high hope
and courage and many a prayer in their hearts. While their fathers,
husbands, brothers and lovers fought, and died, enduring untold
hardships in the field, they stayed in their desolate, poverty stricken
homes. They looked after their children and their servants. They
learned to spin, tO' weave; they parched grist, and pinders, ground
sweet potatoes and okra seed to make substitues for cofifee, and raised
sorghum to make molasses. They learned to make lovely hats of
palmetto and rice straw; to use "red oak bark," sumac and other
woods and roots to dye their yarn and homespun dresses. Young
ladies wore their home spun, home dyed and home woven dresses
with greater pride than if they had been "creations" of Worth or
Paquin, while school girls wore homespun dresses, and shoes made
of alligator skin. Window curtains were taken down, dyed, and made
into dresses. Silk dresses that remained from the old times were cut
up and made into silk handkerchiefs, some for the old father at home,
some others for the brother in the war.

When the lists were published each week in the "Watchman," how
proudly did each, from grandmother to the little school girl, all over
the county, look to see her name, and the number of pairs of socks
she had knit, and sent for the soldiers. Many a pair was knit by the

War-Time Incidents of Sumter County 173

school girl, while conning her lessons, or reading. Some became so
proficient as to knit a sock in a day, and with what pleasure did each
one vie with the other, in having the socks striped in gayest colors,
and with the greatest variety of stripes! We knit and read and
studied by the "lightwood-knot" fires — we called them "Confederate
Candles." Tallow dip candles were a luxury, and even wax candles
were made from myrtle berries.

It was the fashion among some young ladies to wear short hair ;
if they could not go with their brothers to the war, they would, at
least look as military as possible, and they were ready, like the Car-
thagenian women, "to strip their tresses, to string their bows."

When the different commands would pass on their way from
point to point on the railroads, the ladies would turn out en masse
to see them as they went by and to compliment them with bouquets
and to give them Godspeed on their way. If the slow-moving,
crowded and poorly equipped trains stopped long enough, more sub-
stantial greetings (in the shape of food), awaited the "boys in gray."
The best that could be obtained was brought, and tables were spread
at the "depot," and sometimes lunch was given to the soldiers to take
with them; in many cases both provisions were made for their
physical needs. Every woman there would cheerfully live on "short
commons," if necessary, for weeks afterward, in order that the
soldiers might have something "good to eat."

Toward the end of the war (the winter of '64 and '65) hospitals
were established in Sumter for the sick soldiers. It began to be
feared that Virginia was becoming unsafe for our sick and disabled
soldiers, so they were brought further South. The churches had long
before given their bells to be made into cannon, and their carpets to
be used for coverings and saddle blankets. Now the church buildings
were converted into hospitals. Here the soldiers were visited daily
by the ladies, who went as ministering spirits to do all they could for
their comfort, and to sooth the last hours of many a dying hero. Of
the forty odd graves of Confederate soldiers in Sumter Cemetery,
many are those of the poor fellows who died in these church-
hospitals.

The women of Sumter County in many instances, remained on
their plantations alone with their children, while their husbands or
other natural protectors were away in the army. Some plantations
would have as many as one or two hundred negroes, and no white
man around for miles. But I do not think the white mistresses of
these plantations felt a tremor — their children certainly felt no fear.

174 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

The negroes deserve to be held in grateful remembrance for their
faithfulness in those days, and they are so held, by their former own-
ers. They were faithful, obedient and industrious. Then, it is only
since they became "free" that they have also become "fool."

After four years of anxiety, hardships and deepest sorrows, it
remained for the women of Sumter County to have the horrors of an
invading army brought to their very doors.

During the peaceful stillness of Sunday afternoon, April, 1865,
the sound of cannon, mingled with the rapid fire of guns and rifles,
was distinctly heard to the south of the town. It was the sound of
the battle of Dingle's Mill (one of the last if not the very last battle
of the war), three miles away. It was known that a Yankee army
under Gen. Potter, had landed at Georgetown, and was making its
way northward by way of Manning, to Sumter. The few scattered
commands of southern soldiers near at hand, and some sick and
wounded men at home on furlough, together with all the few old
men left at home, hastily gathered themselves together, and went,
with one or two cannon, to meet the enemy, hoping to drive them off
at a narrow causeway nearby, but they were forced to fly before
overwhelming odds, while several were killed in the skirmish. About
dark the Federal army — many of them being colored troops — entered
the town at the south end of Main street, by way of the depot. They
soon encamped in two or three small oat fields near the edge of town,
and in the Episcopal churchyard near by. Their wounded were
placed in a church, and three dead soldiers were buried in a corner
of the churchyard, heads of pews being taken out of the church and
placed at the graves for headboards. (These bodies were afterward
taken to Florence, and buried there in the National Cemetery.)

While some of the Yankee soldiers were cooking supper, others
went to get water, entering yards of houses near by for that purpose.
Two black soldiers, entering a front yard and passing through to the
rear of the house, were asked what they wanted by the children of
the family. They replied "we are going to get water, and you may
thank your God if your house is not burned over your heads."

Their God did protect them, and by His providence a Brigade sur-
geon came and made his headquarters in the house, thereby protect-
ing them from further insults. Before he arrived the house was
thoroughly searched for firearms and anything else of value. A
hiding place had been contrived and arranged within the house some
time before which was called the "donjon keep." Thither we trans-
ported all the silverware, the small remaining store of provisions, the

War-Time Incidents of Sumter County 175

best bound books, the wearing apparel of the family, and everything
relating to "Secession" or the war, for we knew full well that Yan-
kees would have small patience with all such. These things were
hidden in the "donjon" by the family ; no servant ever knew of, or
even suspected its existence. But one piece of silver, a large ladle,
was overlooked — it was in the milk safe. When two burly Yankees
entered the house to search it, they came in sight of the milk and
asked for some to drink. The lady of the house could not refuse to
give what might be taken, and besides she saw her ladle, a family
heirloom. Quick as thought, she slipped it under the sacque she
wore, and presented a bowl of milk to each of the Yankee soldiers,
who seized and drank it with avidity.

On Tuesday morning the Yankee army departed, intending to go
to Camden. Before they left they set fire to the depot, and to the jail
and postoffice, which were on Main street. They had also intended
firing the court house, but hearing that a Confederate force was
advancing, they hurriedly left the place. They took with them all the
negroes who could walk, or ride. Some of these negroes were very
unwilling to go, and had to be forced off at the point of the bayonet.

Eventually a great many found their way back to their old homes,
while many more died of fever, smallpox, and other diseases, at
Beaufort, Georgetown and other places in the "low country,"
whither they had been taken.

An incident at orie plantation on the road passed over by Potter's
army will show that some of the women of Sumter County went
through. Two young ladies, with their little seven-year-old brothers,
were left at home alone, their father and fourteen-year-old brother
having gone to join the Confederate force which had vainly tried to
repulse the Yankees at Dingle's Mill. Their three elder brothers were
in Virginia. The Yankee soldiers robbed them of everything in their
house, even the carpets and piano cover. Their clothing was given to
their own plantation people. They were especially exposed, as they
were within the picket lines, and shot — both cannon and rifle — struck
their house repeatedly. Finally, they were compelled to take shelter
in a deep ravine back of their home, and there they remained for
hours. An aged lady — one of the old-time gentlewomen — with her
three little grand-children, came and joined these young ladies in
their place of refuge, as her home, too, was being shelled. They were
near neighbors and intimate friends, and the young ladies felt the
gravest fears for the life of their aged friend, knowing how feeble
she was, and how illy fitted to bear such cruel exposure and terror.

176 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

A terrific thunder-storm, raging at the time, added to their peril and
discomfort.

After Potter's army left Sumter the bodies of Lieuts. McQueen
and Paimpare of Dr. John Thomson, and of Mr. J. H. Long, were
brought home. These were the brave men who were killed at Dingle's
Mill.

The women of Sumter covered the coffins of each of these soldiers
with the fair blossoms of spring, and vowed in their hearts always to
remember with love and gratitude these brave defenders of their
homes.

Mrs. Ruth McLaurin, Historian.

Extracts From tKe Letters of a, Confederate Girl to
a. Cousin in Virginia, From 1800 to 1866.

In June, i860, I went to Norfolk on a visit to my aunt, Mrs.
Henry Garnett, and many other relatives I had there ; of course, had
a charming time. From there went to Lexington, Va., to my aunt
and uncle. Major Thomas Williamson, of the Virginia Military
Institute, the never-to-be-forgotten V. M. I., "the young people's
heaven," as the girls called it. There was great rivalry between the
brass buttons and the students of the Washington Law College. Of
course the brass buttons won the day, for where is the girl who does
not iind brass buttons the strongest of attraction. In this I am sure
you will agree with me, Mary ? As you know the cadets could only
visit on Friday and Saturday evenings, and escort the girls to church
on Sunday evenings, but many were the devices used by which they
would slip in during the week, when we would be so afraid that
Uncle Thomas would catch them and be forced to put them under
arrest. Sometimes I would go to him in the library and say : "Uncle
Thomas, we don't want you in the drawing room tonight !" He would
look up and smile, and say : "You girls will not be satisfied until you
get those boys in trouble," but we generally managed to secure his
promise to keep away. One night while several of the cadets were
there, having "run the blockade" during the week, two Assistant
Professors called to visit the young ladies. Three of the cadets made
their escape by jumping out of the window. The fourth hid behind
the door. I put my chair against the door and sat down. One of
the Professors was most urgent that I should change my seat and
cross to the piano. "Thank you, I do not care to do so.^' One of

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 177

the girls came to the rescue by calling the Professors out on the pre-
text of showing them something of interest. While gone the cadet
jumped out of the window. When they returned the Professor again
insisted on my moving my chair. I got up, saying : "Well, you are so
persistent, I will." As I did so he exclaimed : "Oh, what a trick you
have played me !" "Yes," I said, "the bird has flown."

I was still there when Abraham Lincoln was elected President.
One night the cadets sent up skyrockets, one named for each State in
the South. The one named for South Carolina went up a short
distance and exploded, making a great noise. All tried good
naturedly to tease me. Mrs. Smith, wife of General Smith, President
of the V. M. L, said : "You see, Mary, South Carolina is just like a
little dog, whose bark is worse than its bite." I replied : "You wait
and you will see that the bite will be worse than the bark ; she will
take the lead and the rest will follow." They all laughed at the idea.
On my return to South Carolina my grandfather, Colonel Garnett,
came with me. Here we found all excitement. The State had
seceded. Fort Sumter had been occupied by Major Anderson, and its
evacuation had been asked for by Governor Pickens. Companies
from Columbia and elsewhere were hurrying to Charleston, then the
center of interest. My cousins, the Goodwyns and Darbys, were
among the first to go. The day Fort Sumter surrendered the people
were wild with excitement, waving hats and handkerchiefs, and call-
ing to each other, "Fort Sumter has surrendered !" My little Cousin
Elliott came in much offended, and said: "What do you think, I
asked those rude students 'What's the news?' and they said 'Cat's
got new shoes,' and it is Fort Sumter is taken !"

After the fall of Fort Sumter the war came upon us in sober
earnest. My aunt, Eliza Goodwyn, was one of those women whose
heart and soul was in "the cause." She never ceased working for the
soldiers, and inspired all around her to do the same. Many pairs of
socks we knit, and helped her make sand bags for the defense of Fort
Sumter ; also comforts, haversacks and haverlocks. When she heard
a battle was to be fought, she would go right off to nurse the
wounded and sick, being always ready to start at a moment's notice.
William Hane, of Fort Motte, told me that after the first battle of
Manassas, he saw a lady coming down the line of soldiers with a
pitcher of water, ministering to the wounded, and heard many ex-
claim, "Why, there is Mrs. Goodwyn !" They were delighted to see
her, an angel of love and mercy. She had six sons in the war — Col.
A. D. Goodwyn, Jefif, Jesse, Middleton, Alfred and Charlie, the last

12

178 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

named being but 16 years of age. Two of them gave their lives for
the cause. All of them were wounded. She seemed to have super-
human strength given her. After the battle of Boonesboro she
dreamed her son Middleton had been wounded and taken to a church.
Uncle (Dr. Goodwyn) and herself were in Richmond at the time.
President Davis had forbidden the women going on the field across
the line. She went to the President and plead with him to let her go
to her boy. He consented, and they left in an ambulance and rode
until they came to the church she had dreamed of. As she went in,
Middleton looked up and said: "Ma, I knew you were coming."
There he lay with nine shot through his body. He lived ten days.
She brought his body to Columbia and laid him in Trinity church-
yard.

The night before the battles of Boonesboro and Sharpsburg
six soldiers sat together discussing the coming fights, and who would
come out alive. Each sent messages home in the event of their being
killed by the survivors. Only one of the number lived to give the
messages. Mittie Goodwyn and Willie Darby were two of them.
Willie Darby was killed at Sharpsburg. He was a Lieutenant in the
Second Regiment, South Carolina Volunteers.

My aunt went to Alabama just before the battle of Shiloh. She
had two sons who would be in the fight, Jeff and Alfred. After the
battle Jeff came back home sick and wounded. Alfred had to be left
behind. Nothing could keep Aunt Eliza, so taking a faithful family
servant, Georgianna, she traveled a long distance. At last in a hut
in a field she found Alfred, ill with fever, and the enemy expected
at any time. He died the next day in her arms. There was a white
man there who dug his grave. Aunt Eliza took a silver dollar, beat
it flat, marked Alfred's name on it, made a scarf out of her black
silk apron, put the dollar in that, and put it on Alfred as a scarf,
intending it as a means of identification in case she should be able
to move the body. When he was taken to the grave she read the
burial service over him, herself; Georgianna and the white man,
being the only ones present, buried him. She then went back to
Alabama, and soon after to Virginia, where another son. Col. A. D.
Goodwyn, was wounded.

She was one of the kindest, dearest friends God ever raised up
when a friend was needed.

Not long before Sherman got to Columbia, Aunt Eliza got her
nephew, John Goodwyn, to bury her silver. He was to leave the next
morning for Virginia. She got him to do it so that no one else would

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 179

know where it was hidden. I said to her, "You had better tell me, for
John might get killed, or something happen to you, and we will never
find the silver." "No," she replied,' "the Yankees might try to make
you show them the spot, and your tell-tale face would betray you."
I had a good laugh on her when she told me later, after Columbia
had been burnt, that shortly after the Yankees got there a soldier
came to her and said, "Lady, if you want to save your silver, you had
better come and take it up." She looked surprised, but followed him.
He took her right to the spot and ran his bayonet in the ground
where the box was buried. Sherman gave my Uncle, Dr. T. J. Good-
wyn, a guard, and said, "Don't worry, you will be guarded." When
night came my aunt heard the guard exclaim, "My God !" She asked
him what was the matter. He said, "You see those red rockets going
up ? They are the signals to burn Columbia." Many others testify
to being told the same thing by the guards. Aunt Eliza's house was
on fire. She was standing by looking on when a soldier came up
and said, "Old lady, you look very composed ; the fire can't be hurting
you ?" She rephed, "That is my house burning. I had six sons! in
the war — two killed, and wish I had six more to go in." He
answered, "Yes; damn you women, you are the ones keeping up
the war." Aunt Margaret Darby was standing on the piazza of my
aunt, Mrs. R. G. Goodwyn's house, when a soldier came running up
the steps with a torch in his hand to set fire. He stopped, looked
intently at her, and turning back said, "Lady, you have saved this
house. You look so like my mother. How would I like to see her
house burnt over her head! I'll not set another on fire."

Several girls had run out of their burning homes with bundles of
clothing they were trying to save; they were near the Charlotte
depot; one had taken her guitar with her; they were sitting on the
ground when a Yankee officer rode up and remarked to them, "It was
a cold night, why did they not move nearer the fire ?" Asked the girl
with the guitar if she would not play and sing, then leaning over, took
the guitar, and said, "If you won't, I will; you know Nero fiddled
while Rome was burning," sang a song and rode off, when the girls
discovered the grass had been set on fire around them, their bundles
thrown in and burnt up.

Many were the ways in which we tried to make money to send to
the soldiers. At Totness, our summer home in Orangeburg County,
the home of many of our most prominent families, and during the
war the place of refuge of many from' the sea coast, we often had
tableaux, quilting parties, dances — everything by which a little'

i8o South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

money for the soldiers could be earned. The sale of a cargo was a
novel and amusing entertainment in which each person represented
some article of mercantile value, and was auctioned off to the highest
bidder.

Dear Mary: — It has been a long time since I have written you,
and you want to be told of my Treasury Department days. Being in
need of medical treatment, I had gone up to Columbia to be under
the doctor, and had been there for some months when I received your
letter, saying I must meet you at the depot, as you were coming with
the Treasury Department which would leave Richmond in a few
days. I asked Aunt Eliza if she would do us the favor of taking you
as a boarder. The day you were expected we went in the carriage to
the train to meet and bring you home, we got there just as the hun-
dreds belonging to the Treasury Department arrived ; every window
had a head looking out, faces sad, tired and sorrowful. There I
stood, all expectation ; I was more disappointed than I can express
when Dick de Treville, whom I had known when a student in Co-
lumbia College (S. C), came up and told me that at the last moment
Qarence had persuaded you to remain. Dick then said, "Now, Miss
Mary, I want to show you something lovely." He introduced me to
his wife." "I said as though she were not present, "lovely, lovely !"
I was also introduced to several of your friends who later on became
mine. T returned home with a lonely, disappointed feeling, pouring
everything but blessings on Clarence's head.

After careful consideration I decided that without consulting my
family I would apply to Major Jamison for a position in the Depart-
ment. When I was accepted, I wrote my mother I would not return
home, but try and aid in the support of herself, the children and my
grandfather. Col. Wm. Garnett, for like many others the war had
materially lessened our income, and I could not see them want. There
was quite a family commotion when they heard what I had done.
All opposed it on account of my health. My uncle, Jeff Goodwyn,
said, "Why, Mary, how can you stand it ?" I replied, "I can but try."
I reported to Major Jamison, and never will I forget the first day in
that large, dingy room in Kinsler's Hall, the numberless steps to
climb to reach the room where hundreds sat numbering and signing.
I first had to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Confederate States ;
then had given me pens, pen holder, clamp with sponge, writing pad,
etc. The clerks who gave out this outfit were behind a railing. Next
I was given a bundle of treasury notes ; thus I became a government
employee, a treasury note signer. Our hours were from 9 a. m. until

Extracts from a Girl^s Letters i8i

3 p. m. ; we signed our names several thousand times in the course of
a day. The notes were caught together in one corner ; you signed your
name eight times on each sheet, turning it over and tal-cing up the
next. If you blotted notes the cost was deducted from your salary.
There was only one signer of the $500 notes, my friend Addie Stuart,
from Jackson, Miss., now Mrs. Dernelsy of New Orleans. Those days
were some of the saddest, and yet some of the happiest of my life.
When pay-day came, the first time I had ever worked for wages, how
mean I felt when I went up and signed for my pay. Rose Wilkinson,
of New Orleans, was next to me and laughingly said, "Never mind,
Mary, I too felt that way at first, but you will get beautifully over
the feeling and find yourself going up demanding it as your right."
The Wilkinson girls. Rose and Kate, from Louisiana, Addie Stuart,
Vick Blanchard, from, New Orleans, and Rose McMurdo, of Vir-
ginia, were near me. I would get sO' nervous signing Mary Darby,
nearly three thousand times a day ; I have signed every note but one,
and taken it up to Mr. Duncan, the clerk, and told him I had left one
unsigned, would finish it next day ; he would say "why. Miss Darby,
please sign it now, so that you can send them all in." "No," I would
reply, "not at the point of a pistol." We always had to count the
sheets before the clerk, both when we received and returned them.

What a hubbub there would be when work for the day was over,
and we were going home. Mr. Ball, of Virginia, was a warm friend
of all the girls; often has he come up and taken me home in his
buggy. I made many friends ; all seemed to sympathize with me on
account of my poor health. Miss Garnett used to say, "Mary, you
look like a ghost, and should turn round and go back home as soon as
you get up all of those steps."

The young men who were clerks in the treasury office got the cold
shoulder from the girls, because they were not at the front fighting,
and letting their places be filled by the wounded soldiers. One morn-
ing five or six came to say "good-bye." I said, "Why, where are you
going?" "To the front; you have run us off, called us cowards." I
shook hands, saying, "joy go with you, better late than never. You
were a long time in making up your minds." I can hear Kate Riley's
bright, catching laugh, as she said, "Oh, Mary, you are too hard on
them." To some we sent skirts— they left next day for the seat of
war.

The "Bee Store" in Columbia was always a center of attraction.
It would be so crowded that ladies often fainted, and had to be laid on
the counters so as not to be trampled upon. You entered by the front

i82 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

door, and came out by the back. You were limited when you bought
sugar and coffee, each purchaser being only allowed ten dollars worth.
I gave $ioo for a hat for my grandfather, stockings ten dollars a pair,
box of hairpins five dollars, $500 for a white muslin dress, $300 for
a calico, $25 for a quarter of a yard of linen, ten dollars for a box of
matches ; our salary should have been $6,000 instead of $3,000. At
those prices it did not take long to spend, with board $150 a month,
$50 for the making of one dress, $100 for shoes, and all other items
in proportion. I never ventured into the Bee stores, being afraid of
the crowd, so my shopping was all done for me by friends.

A pleasant recollection which has always lingered with me, was a
military hop given at the city hall on April 29th, 1864. Among the
senior managers were Major General Wade Hampton, Brigadier
General M. C. Butler, Colonel M. W. Gary, and many others equally
as distinguished. It may seem strange for us to be dancing at such a
time, but the boys on furlough would plead so hard for dances, saying
"we have no pleasure and we enjoy the dances so much."

In January, 1865, we held the last bazaar. I was at the Louisiana
Table, presided over by Mrs. Slocum. The Bavarian cream was in
great demand; kept me busy helping the officers and soldiers who
were there (not many) ; one officer vWth a brand new uniform was a
striking figure ; when he asked for cream, I looked curiously at him.
He said, "What's the matter? Why don't you help me?" I replied,
"You don't look as if you had ever been in a fight; where did you
come from?" "Looks are deceiving," he said. I replied "Not yours,
with that uniform." "Let's talk of something else, who is that beauti-
ful young lady there?" I answered, "That is my cousin. Miss Eu-
genia Goodwyn," and turned off. He afterwards proved to be a spy ;
intuition told me there was something wrong about him.

In February it was rumored Sherman would soon be here, the
treasury department must return to Richmond. A car was char-
tered to leave on the i6th of February, we were all seated by eight
o'clock, a. m., and did not leave Columbia until ten that night. Mrs.
Wade Hampton was on board our car, Gen. Hampton being here, the
Yankees were shooting across the river. Wade Hampton would ride
up every now and then to let Mrs. Hampton know his father was
all right. While sitting by a window I saw Misses Ellen and Rosa
Elmore drive by in their carriage; waved "good-bye" to them, little
dreaming what my return would be. I never saw such a crowd and
rush, the car windows were smashed in, women and children pushed
through, some head foremost, others feet foremost. Miss Garnett

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 183

was by me, and such a comfort as she was ! A few days before we
left, hearing all sorts of reports about Sherman's approach, I went to
see Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, who was a great friend of my uncle.
Gen. Richard Brooke Garnett, of Virginia, who had been killed at
the battle of Gettysburg, and asked him if he thought Sherman would
get to Columbia and burn it, for if so, I would go with the Treasury
Department. His answer was : "My child, I am going to send Mrs.
Johnston off tomorrow." Then I said, "Good-bye, general, I'll go
too." It was our last meeting. You never saw sadder faces than
those leaving their all behind ; how much worse it would have been
had we known what we had to encounter, and what would meet us
on our return !

When we had gone about a mile, one of the Virginia girls said,
"Well, we have left Columbia, and I hope I'll never see 'Hopping
John' and 'Simping Jinnie' again." Looking at me, she laughingly
said, "What is the matter, Mary Darby, you look as if you had never
eaten of those dishes?" "No," I repUed, "I do not like 'Hopping
John,' and have never head of 'Simping Jinnie.' " On my return to
Columbia I asked Aunt Eliza what "Simping Jinnie" was, and
learned it was peas and hominy cooked together.

When we got to Doco, we found Kilpatrick and his raiders had
torn up the track two miles back of us, instead of ahead, as they
thought our capture was certain. Finding their mistake, they
returned to Columbia. After going some distance our engine ran
off the track, and we had to stay until another could be got from
Winnsboro. Oh, that waiting, expecting the Yankees would hear
of our accident and capture us. Some of the girls proposed to get out
and walk on. We reached Charlotte, N. C, next morning, tired and
hungry ; we had eaten nothing since we left Columbia. To our great
delight, several gentlemen came "on board and said the citizens invited
us all to take breakfast in their homes, two or three to each home.
Eliza CofSn, Julia Logan and I were taken to a house where I with
pleasure met Frances Levin, an old Columbia friend. We gladly
refreshed ourselves, and sat down to a most delightful breakfast.
On our return to the cars we were greeted with the startling informa-
tion that all the clerks had been furloughed! Think of the girls
from South Carolina with no homes, nowhere to go; some of them
had most terrible experiences. The Treasury Department, with the
Virginia clerks, virent on to Richmond. I went with them, having
telegraphed my uncle, Capt. John Mercer Brooke, to meet me, which
he did. Before we left Charlotte Miss Garnett, Kate Goodwin, Mrs.

184 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Norton and several others, were invited by the Exotic Club to make
use of their quarters, where we spent one day and night.

My friend, Addie Stuart, left the Treasury Department and was
given a place in the dead letter office ; I spent several days there with
her. The thousands of letters you had to open ! If they contained
money, one dollar and over, and the postoffice could be deciphered
it was returned to the sender ; if not it went to the government. In
some of them we found hair-nets, ribbons, bracelets, rings, breast-
pins, all sorts of things. Soldiers' letters often had tobacco or snuff,
sometimes just enough for one chew. I was so sorry they never
reached their destination— so many written by the same persons, who
never heard from each other.

"Dear Mary : I often think of the days I spent with you at Howard
Grove Hospital, with all the hundreds of paroled soldiers, coming
to the hospital sick; several died in the ambulance before reaching
there. The names of many were never known — they will always be
among the missing. An ill soldier asked Aunt Mary Ann Gameitt
to write his wife, who was in New Orleans, dictating to her what
to say. He died before the letter was finished or his name signed.
There was no way of finding out the wife's name or address, so,
poor woman, she never knew his fate. We often wept when we
would see them, starved and wounded ; many of them had lost their
feet from being frostbitten. It was indeed pitiful, when the bell
rang for meals, to see them coming on crutches, hobbling along,
sick but hungry, going eagerly to the mess hall to get a tin cup full
of rye coffee and a piece of com bread; for dinner, corn bread, a
small slice of bacon and some peas ; very little of that for all were on
half ration. We often divided our meals with them until Clarence
(Dr. Garnett) found it out and put a stop to it, saying how would
we expect to live if we ate so little ourselves. I would not look at
these poor sufferers if I could help it; the sight was heart-rending.
Aunt Mary Ann Garnett was matron.

"Again the Treasury Department had to leave Richmond, it was to
be surrendered in a few days. Cousin Yelverton Garnett wanted me
to leave with President Davis's family — thought it would be safer —
but I said, 'No, I will stick to the old T. Department.' We passed
the President's car at a standstill, hiving run off the track."

"Chester, S. C, April 3, 1865, Monday Evening.

"Dear Mary: I wrote you a long letter from Greensboro,
N. C, on Saturday, and like the bright girl I am addressed it to

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 185

Howard Grove Hospital, care of Surgeon C. L. Garnett, and forgot
to add Richmond. I did not remember that every one does not have
the same pleasant recollection of the celebrated hospital and its sur-
geon as his cousin has, so I must write you again. I will give you a
short account of our travels so far. In our party are Mrs. Edward
Barnwell and daughter, the latter thirteen years of age, whom we
could not possibly get along without ; their maid, Betty, a treasure ;
Mrs. Norton and Mrs. Gist, the Misses Hane, Savage, Crump,
Coffin, Logan, and lastly Miss Mary Darby. The first night of our
journey I did not sleep a wink. When we got to Greensboro, Mrs.
Norton and I went to our friend Major Sloan's family. I went to
my room, but left Mrs. Norton to entertain a gentleman until eleven
o'clock, when we retired and slept soundly until six, dressed and
enjoyed a most delicious breakfast. After that to the cars, if we can
so call the pigpens that were provided for us. Tell Clarence I met a
surgeon, a Western man, very intelligent, but rather rough, and,
strange to say, quite sentimental. He had a copy of Shakespeare and
read aloud to me, so, of course, I had a nice time. We arrived at
Charlotte at three o'clock, where Captain Watkins, of the Exotic
Club, met us. He got us a very nice car, where we slept that night.
Some young men called and remained until eleven o'clock ; we had a
very pleasant evening. Left Charlotte this morning at seven and
reached Chester at eleven, where I met Colonel Means and General
Preston, a pleasant surprise ; had a chat with them. We went to the
hotel and got a room and had just undressed and gone to bed to get
our much-needed rest, when Mr. Duncan came and told us we
would have to remain until Friday, as they could not get the wagons
earlier. The charge at the hotel was $50 a day apiece. Of course,
we could not remain there. Mr. Duncan had secured a nice car for
us to live in until the wagons arrived, so here we are, a merry party.
I wish you could see us. Tell Clarence to come and bring you. We
were startled and distressed at the evacuation of Richmond. The
President and the departments are at Danville. I am much worried
about you all ; only hope Qarence got you out safely. How the Yan-
kees will exult over the fall of Richmond !

"This morning we went for a walk. On our return Dr. Bissell
offered us some molasses and bread for lunch. Just as we were
wondering what we would do for dinner, he sent in a large bucket
full of ham and rice. He certainly is a friend indeed, and one
whom I shall never forget. In the course of conversation, he said

i86 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

that he had been a surgeon at Howard Grove Hospital, Third Divi-
sion. The trials and uncertainties of my own position are bad
enough, but when I think of you and all my other dear ones, and
wonder what has been your fate since the evacuation of Richmond,
I feel almost wild. Just think, I left Richmond a week ago, and
two days later the city was surrendered. It must have fallen like a
thunderbolt upon the inhabitants. I left Columbia the day before
Sherman burnt the city. I read this morning a terrible account of
the vandals plundering and burning Columbia and the country
through which they passed. It is a most fortunate thing that I did
not go with the President's party.

"While sitting in the car this morning I heard two gentlemen
say: 'What a sad death that was of that cadet, young Noble.' It
was Russell Noble, a cousin of mine, a cadet in the Citadel at
Charleston'; died in the hospital here. He was buried that evening.
The service was read by Rev. Julius Sams, who had been the rector
of our church at Totness.

"Wednesday Night.

"Have just returned from cemetery; went to plant some flowers
on Russell's grave. Tonight is lovely; I am enjoying the breeze,
which is refreshing after the warm morning. Here we have made
but few acquaintances. I am housekeeper. Our supper tonight,
rolls, butter and buttermilk.

"Thursday Eve., April 6, 1865.

"One day nearer home, or, rather, our journey's end, wherever
that is to be, for we do not know. We find it hard to get enough
to eat; the soldiers take pity on us and often divide their rations
with us. Indeed, I do not know what would become of us were it
not for their generosity. They played a nice joke on us. One night
about twelve o'clock our car started and went several miles. We all
jumped up, put our heads out of the window and screamed, 'You
have got the wrong car, we are not to go off !' What was to become
of us, not a male clerk on board, only a car full of women. When
they thought they had carried the joke far enough, they ran us back
to the depot. Of course, there was no more sleep for us that night.

"This evening Parkie Savage, Mrs. Norton and I thought we
would try and see what we could do in the foraging line. After
walking for about two miles, came to a cabin, and, much to our
relief, the old maumer let us have one dozen eggs, for which we paid
$5. On our return to the car, found several visitors. One lady
kindly offered to cook anything I would send her, which I most

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 187

gratefully accepted, and sent flour for loaf bread, hominy and egg
bread, which will be our breakfast. We had no. supper last night.
The cry from morning until night is, 'Mary, what are you going to
give us to eat?' Until often in a fit of desperation I say, 'Nothing,
if you worry me so.'

"Friday Evening, April 7th.

"The scene has shifted ; here I am writing on the steps of a Bap-
tist church, which will be our camping ground tonight. We left
Chester unexpectedly this morning, the wagons having arrived sev-
eral days earlier than expected. We have ten in our train, all filled
with Treasury employees. The country is hilly, the roads rough.
The way we are jolted almost kills one. We have a splendid driver,
the best wagon and team of Johnston's army. We arrived at the
church at four o'clock and selected the pews we are to sleep in.
Some of the girls are afraid to sleep by themselves. The woods are
beautiful with the bloom of the dog-wood and sassafras.

"After dinner, which we eat sitting under the trees, our party dis-
persed, some going to walk, all amusing themselves as they best
could. I am sitting on a tombstone writing, and can hear the shouts
of laughter at a sermon Mr. Duncan is preaching from an old stand
erected for use at camp meetings. Sallie Barnwell is the wildest
child ! Only twelve years of age, she dares everything. While we
are traveling she dashes from wagon to wagon, on horseback, with
a man's saddle. It is wonderful how she keeps her seat. There are
about three or four hundred wagons in our train — ^paroled soldiers
going home. Tonight Mrs. and Miss Maynard, Miss Randolph and
three children will occupy the church with us.

"You should have seen us last night, all sitting around one big
camp fire, a great many soldiers with us, all singing 'The Bonnie
Blue Flag,' 'Dixie,' 'My Maryland,' and many others. The sol-
diers did enjoy the singing. Some of them said : 'It is you women
who made us soldiers fight and never give up. God bless and protect
our women. Three cheers for them !' which they gave with heartfelt
fervor. As far as you could see there were camp fires all around.
It was quite late before we got back into the church.

"Sunday Morning, Fairfield District, April 10, 1865.

"We have now reached Broad River, which we will cross as soon
as the train ahead of us gets over. I am writing now on the river
bank and constantly think how much softer bed it would have been
than the one we had last night. We reached Mrs. Mayfield's about
two o'clock, where we met with every kindness. She gave us for

i88 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

dinner chicken stew (such a delicacy), bread, blackberry preserves,
and buttermilk, to all of which we did ample justice.

"She had only one spare room, small, with one bed. This we gave
to Mrs. Newton, Mrs. Barnwell and Sally. Four of us slept on the
floor in Mrs. Mayfield's room, the rest of the party in the wagons.
At six o'clock, in company with Messrs. Duncan and Taliaferro, we
walked a mile for supper ; found a most inviting table spread, broiled
ham, biscuits, rye coffee sweetened with molasses, or, rather, sor-
ghum — you know what sorghum is, don't you? — batter cakes, corn
bread. You should have seen us. We had fasted so long that we
did thoroughly enjoy the supper. After supper we .had music and
singing, then back to Mrs. Mayfield's to sleep; the moon shining
brightly made our walk very pleasant. We met Judge Crump and
Lieutenant Maury. The latter came home with us and sat for some
time. At nine o'clock we retired. I spread our double blanket on
the floor and went to bed feeling sore from being bounced and tossed
about in a Government wagon. If you have never ridden in one,
you can't realize the up and down motion. Shortly after Mrs. May-
field came in and said, 'Girls, cover up your heads, the old man is
coming to bed.' • It was a novel experience to us. Such quiet laugh-
ing and tittering as went on under that blanket. The old man crept
in as quietly as he could, and was up before daylight the next morn-
ing. We got up early, dressed and went to our wagons. The good
lady would not take a cent in payment for our entertainment. Her
daughter had an album in which she asked us to write our names.
Hundreds had done so; those who had stopped there and been the
recipient of the same kindness we had received. When we reached
the river we had to get out of the wagons and cross in flats. Some
of the girls were much frightened.

"Newberry District.

"After crossing the river we walked ahead with Lieutenant
Maury; stopped at a farm house, where all had gone to church.
Some of the girls went into the fowl houses, got some eggs and
boiled them hard.

"There is a train of sixty wagons with pontoons passing us now,
the first I have ever seen. The driver tells us that Montgomery has
fallen. Mobile evacuated — in fact, all of our cities have now fallen.

"Good Friday Evening,
"Columbia, S. C, April 14, 1865.
"Home, once more at home, dear Mary. Reached Columbia at six
o'clock. Found my mother and family had returned from Camden

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 189

and were here. They were surprised and delighted to see me, not
knowing where I was. Mother and grandfather had both been made
sick by the fall of Richmond and the anxiety for our relatives, but
as there is still much of interest to relate in reference to our trip,
I must return to where I left in Newberry District. The Sergeant
in charge asked us to be ready betimes, as it took four or five hours
to cross in the flats. We walked on the river banks, and where it
had overflowed, with every step we would sink about a foot in the
mud. Once I went so deep that the gentlemen had to pull me out.
The banks were lovely, covered with trees all in their fresh green
foliage. It was a long-to-be-remembered sight, the girls sitting
around reading, writing, and some apparently dreaming that they
were once more with their friends. On the opposite bank of the
river, under a large oak tree, we found a family who had been turned
out of their home. They had beds, tables, chairs, and a fire burned
brightly under the tree. An old woman and her son were sitting by
it. A woman was lying asleep in a bed made on the ground with a
pig by her side. Back of them were four men playing cards, although
it was Sunday. Dogs and cats, all seemed contented. Some few of
our wagons had crossed, and in one of the flats returning was an
officer in full uniform standing by a splendid looking horse with his
arm thrown over the horse's neck, a large greyhound by his side.
Surely he was lord of all he surveyed !

"We crossed soon after and walked ahead looking for a house
where we hoped to get dinner, but found it shut up. We then had
to go six miles to our camping ground, which had once been a
camp meeting place, but soldiers had used it for a camp. A large
shed, with benches and a quantity of good straw thrown about. We
felt fortunate in having so good a place to pass the night, when Mr.
Duncan arrived and said an old widower had consented to take us
in his house for the night, but would give us nothing to eat, so got
our supper around the camp fire. It had then commenced to rain,
and we had to hold up umbrellas while we ate, then started off for
the widower's home. When we got there the man came in to meet
us looking so frightened, not knowing whether to sit, stand or run,
and ended by leaving without having spoken a word. Just then
Lieutenants Maury and Marshall arrived to say that Dr. Rutherford,
a mile further, would take us in and give us every comfort. We
sent to notify the old gentleman of our change, when he promptly
said he thought we had best go. Complimentary, wasn't it ? So once
more we set out in the rain. When we reached Dr. Rutherford's we

190 South Carolina' Women in the Con^federacy

were drenched. The ladies received us most kindly; took us to
comfortable rooms, and made us change our wet clothing. In the
drawing room we met a number of paroled soldiers on their way
to their homes. We enjoyed a most refreshing supper, very different
from the one under our umbrellas in the rain. We left next morning
and arrived at the town of Newberry at twelve o'clock ; went to the
depot expecting to spend the night on the platform, perhaps stay
there for a week, as we did not know where next we were going.
Mr. Duncan and the male clerks went off to see what accommoda-
tion they could secure for the department girls. I was standing by
the door looking out, feeling very forlorn, when to my delight I spied
my cousin, Dr. Charles Darby. He was glad to meet m,e alive, as
they had no idea of my whereabouts. Roland Rhett was with him.
They insisted I should go with them to Columbia. They had both a
buggy and an ambulance. I consulted Mr. Duncan, and he thought
it best I should do so, so Anna Parker, from Charleston, and I were
put in the ambulance. The driver proved to be one of our old ser-
vants. About dark we reached a house, and Charlie went in to see
if the old lady would take us in, which she did. We were in one
room, and, remembering our Fairfield experience, told Charlie to ask
her if there were any men at home. 'No,' she said, 'my husband is
dead ; was conjured. Some one put a nail under the steps, he stepped
on it, it made him lame, and after suffering agony, he died.' 'Got any
sons?' 'Had six; four killed in the war, the other two are in Vir-
ginia.' We were satisfied as to men. She gave us a nice supper.
When we went to bed had to climb up six steps tO' get in ; so many
feather beds piled one on top of the other. The softest bed I had slept
in since I left Columbia. We got up before daybreak, dressed and
went on the piazza to bathe our faces in a washtub with about a quart
of water. It had to be tilted on one side. On our way to Columbia,
some miles from the city, we met Colonel Childs and several other
gentlemen in buggies leaving Columbia, as Forster and his black
troops were on the way there. We stopped and consulted what was
best for us to do, and decided to go on, trusting in the God who had
cared for us through all our journey. Along the road you saw the
dead cows, sheep, and hogs shot down by Sherman's vandals. When
we got to Columbia and saw the chimneys standing, desolation and
destruction on all sides, we wept bitter tears for our dear city. We
drove to the Sharp house, which had been given (?) by Sherman to
my uncle. Dr. T. J. Goodwyn, the Mayor, in place of his house,
which had been burnt. There I found a house full, all drawing

Extracts from a Girl's Letters 191

rations. Grandfather (Colonel Garnett), mother, Aunt Margaret
Darby and family, Aunt Eliza Goodwyn and hers, General Lovell's
wife and children, Mrs. Childs and son. We went into a small cot-
tage with Mrs. General Jamison.

"One day we were stunned by the news of General Lee's sur-
render. Oh, God, what will be our fate now ? It brought a hemor-
rhage on my mother, she was almost crazy. Every one felt the end
had come. The next day came the news of Lincoln's assassination.
Did ever any two days bring such unfortunate news for us ?

"The remnant of the Treasury Department reached Anderson,
where, on May ist, the money printing machines and a large number
of notes fell into the hands of the Yankees. Here the clerks were
dismissed, going to their homes in every State in the South. It
seems like a dream when I picture those days, and the earnest work-
ers, widows, wives and girls whose relatives had either fallen in bat-
tle or were at the front serving their country.

"April 25, 1865.
"The thousand and one sensational reports we hear are never too
exaggerated to find some willing to believe. It is a terrible thought
to me, our going back into the Union. We heard yesterday that
Johnston's army had surrendered and there would now be peace as
there was twenty years ago. Think of that! Do you ever expect
to see it? I don't. I am so anxious to hear from you. Cousin Jesse
Goodwyn is going to Richmond to bring Anna home. Hope the
Yankees will let him take this to you, but for fear they will not, will
only write a note. M. E. Darby."

"May 6, 1865. Totness.
"I write from our old summer home, forty miles below Columbia.
We came here with four wagons packed with the remains of the
household furniture belonging to several of the family, most of it
brought from Camden after Columbia was burnt. Grandfather,
mother and the children went ahead in a carriage. My cousin,
Charlie Goodwyn, was in charge of the wagons, he on horseback. I
on one wagon, Louly on another. The lawless stragglers with which
the country now abounds take the mules from the wagons whenever
they can, leaving the occupants helpless in the road. Just after we
left Columbia, several soldiers came up to the wagon I was on, claim-
ing the mules as Government mules; they had a right to them. I
told them they were to be returned to Columbia after taking us
home. They then let us go. About two o'clock that night one of

192 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

the wagons broke down. Charlie rode up and said to me, 'You will
have to get on the horse, take the pistol, and guard the other wagons,
I will stay behind and see what I can do to repair this wagon.' I
mounted the horse, took the pistol, and rode back and forth along-
side of the wagons. Shortly after I noticed the front wagon at a
standstill. I went up and said to the driver : 'Why Robert, what is
the matter, I hope not another breakdown ?" Seeing several men by
the mules, I turned to them, 'How good and kind of you to help
Robert with the wagon. We have been most unfortunate in having
one breakdown. What will we do if this one, too, has to be left
behind.' They replied : 'You are welcome, miss, glad we could help
you,' and four men stepped aside while Robert drove on. After
getting out of their hearing, he said : 'Good Lord, Miss Mary, you
ride up tanking dem soldiers fur helpin' me wen dey was onhitching
de mules to tak, an wen fou say dat, dey hitch 'em back fas' as dey
could, no ben want you to tink dem so mean.' I said, 'Robert, I
knew they were stealing them.' 'You did? Well, I nebber yere tell
of sich a ting.' I was so frightened I could scarcely speak. Charlie
at the back, and just Louly and myself alone on that road. We
reached Totness about daybreak, wornout, to find our homes all
destroyed by the vandals; only four houses left standing. Uncle
Charles Thomson's fine house burnt. Dr. Artie Darby's three, also
his plantation house, eight miles from Totness, because he was a
signer of the Secession Ordinance.

"There are many soldiers here returning home, some riding, some
walking, on their route to Charleston and other places. It was
indeed a sad returning to see these men who had so valiantly fought
for their rights, been in so many battles, come in, put their guns
down, often with tears running down their cheeks. Many passing
through would stop with us. Sometimes we would not know where
our next meal would come from. It was never more than corn bread
and a small piece of bacon, and having ten or twelve besides the
family proper, was a great strain on a housekeeper of such limited
resources. We had to establish a system of counting mouths, so
that all would have their share. They would ask, 'How many bis-
cuits today ?' I would hold up two or sometimes three fingers, when
they would laugh and ask, 'Why a feast today?' Any one who was
sick got the best from each home. The dwellings being burned, we
all lived in the old negro quarters.

"One day a buggy was driven up with a Yankee officer, sent to see
if we prayed for the President of the United States. Our rector

Records of a Refugee 103

was the Rev. Joseph Walker, a refugee from Beaufort, S. C. Sun-
day came, when we all went to church, the Yankee was there too.
When Mr. Walker began the prayer for the President, each one got
off their knees, and with folded arms, turned and faced the officer.
It was too much for him. He left the church without having prayed
himself for the President. He said afterwards there was no use in
his staying ; he had never seen such women as the Southern women.
"After that came the Reconstruction days, which I will not attempt
to write about, but which convinced me I had no heart trouble or I
would have been dead long ago. In a short time Totness was almost
deserted, most of the families having moved to the plantations, not
being able to afford the luxury of two homes. My mother's family
were among the few left. Provisions were scarce, we had but little
to eat. There was nothing that could be bought in the neighbor-
hood even if you had money. Cousin Robert Cochran taught school
and was paid in corn meal. His wife, Cousin Eliza, cooked a loaf
once a day, cut it in half and shared it with us. We had sent for a
barrel of flour, but it had not yet arrived. I went three days with-
out food ; for the first time gave way when I saw my mother, sisters
and little brother almost starving. Not knowing that Willie was
near, I said to my mother, 'I see nothing for us but death.' The lit-
tle boy cried, 'Oh ! mamma, I don't want to die ; I am not hungry !'
He ran off, and after about an hour's absence returned, his little
face beaming, and said : 'We won't die now, Mamie, see what I have
brought.' On his back he had a small sack with some cornmeal;
had taken off his jacket, the only one he had, and sold it for the
meal. The next day the barrel of flour came. The lessening of the
terrible strain was too much for me, I broke down with brain fever.
We are cut off from the world, no mails. What the end will be none
can foresee." Mary Darby de Treville.

Records of a. Refti.£>ee From tHe Coast.

"When the War Between the States began I was a young married
woman with two little boys, and was living on Edisto Island. I
spent the first year of the war at our home.

"The gentlemen of the island had, several years before, formed
themselves into an artillery company, named the Calhoun Artillery,
commanded by Major Murray. They were now sent to the fort at
North Edisto Inlet. During the following summer Colonel Duno-
vant's Regiment was stationed at Edingsville, our summer resort.

13

194 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy"

It was the delight of the children, and young people, to see the sol-
diers drill on our beautiful beach, and every one wore palmetto
cockades. Much of the ladies' time was spent in making red
flannel shirts and drawers for the soldiers, and in showing hospitality
to those who had been sent among us.

"One day when we heard the booming of cannon and every pane
of glass in our houses seemed as if it would be shattered, we learned
that the battle of Port Royal was going on. We realized that it
was time to desert our homes and seek a place of safety. It was a
day not soon to be forgotten, when we assembled at the steamboat
landing to take our departure, and leave husbands, brothers, and
other dear ones behind. As my husband was in the army, my father,
who was not able to bear arms on account of his health, took me to
Orangeburg with his family. We spent one year in the town, where
it was my privilege to accompany dear old Mrs. Rowe from
Orangeburg to Branchville in her ministrations to the sick soldiers.
The next year we moved about eight miles into the country, as my
father had brought all of his negroes there from the coast.

"I learned to spin and weave, and having taught several of the
servants to do the same, we managed to make one suit of clothes a
year for each negro. One of my single sisters and I spun all of
the thread, and knitted all of the stockings and gloves for the family.
We made soap and candles, drank okra coffee, and thought sorghum
syrup very nice.

"We were getting quite comfortable in our home of refuge when
we heard of Sherman's destructive march through Georgia. As he
advanced into South Carolina, we found that we would be just in
his line of march. We moved to Chester, as we had friends there,
and we thought we would be safer if we could get above Columbia.
We moved in private conveyances so as to save our animals. On the
afternoon of the 4th of February, two wounded soldiers rode up to
our door, who said they had just had a fight at a bridge not very far
from our home, and that if we intended leaving, we had no time to
lose. We were up all night packing. On Sunday morning, the 5th
of February, we started, quite a procession — a carriage and pair of
horses, two buggies, two saddle horses which my two young broth-
ers rode, seven carts, and several house servants. The weather was
bitter cold, and I thought of that passage of Scripture, 'Pray you that
your flight be not in the winter, neither on the Sabbath day.' We
had to camp out two nights before reaching Columbia, and kept
from freezing by keeping fires going all night. The first night my

MRS. EOWE, OHANGEBUHG.

Records of a Refugee 195

little boy woke me and said something was biting his foot. The
poor little foot was like a lump of ice. There had been a great
freshet on the Congaree a short time before, consequently the roads
were in bad condition, and we learned that they were much worse
above Columbia ; so when we rode into Columbia on Tuesday morn-
ing, nearly frozen, we determined to take the train for Chester,
thinking that our food and clothing, which we had sent ahead in a
chartered car, were there. We found afterwards that everything had
been thrown out at the Charlotte junction, and the car used for Gov-
ernment purposes. This was a very short time before Columbia was
burned.

"The mills in Chester had ceased operations, fearing that Sherman
would be more likely to destroy them if they were at work, so it was
very difficult to get anything to eat. The children said they would
starve if they had to eat 'big hominy.'

"Wheeler's men now began pouring in, reporting that Sherman
was only a few miles away, and coming like the d — . They always
had rolls of cloth behind their saddles, and would ask the ladies to ■
make shirts and drawers for them. One of them brought me a piece
of colored alpaca to make him two shirts. I saw that it would make
a pretty dress, and I was sadly in need of dresses then, so I told
him I would give him two of my husband's linen shirts for the
cloth. He was delighted with the bargain and so was I. On Sunday
when I came out with my pretty dress, my friends wanted to know
where I got it (for calico was then $50.00 per yard), and when I told
them of the bargain I had made, they were quite amused.

"The friend with whom we stayed had a large garden and plenty
of milk, so soldiers who came to her door were always given a drink
of buttermilk and some vegetables, if nothing more.

"Soon we heard of the destruction of Columbia and Winnsboro, so
were daily expecting Sherman's army to enter Chester. Wishing to
save a few valuables which we had left, one night, after the servants
were all asleep, the ladies of the house took our tin canisters into the
woods and were busy burying them, when we heard the command,
'Halt.' Our hearts stood still, for the sound appeared to be just at
our side, and we were sure that Shermaii had arrived, but the next
day we found that they were still Wheeler's stragglers.

"Sherman never entered Chester, so we were spared the terrible
ordeal of meeting his ruffians; but as we had to return to our
Orangeburg home in wagons, and rode just in his line of march, we
fully realized the destruction that had been done by his command.

196 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Chimneys were standing in every direction without houses, the iron
rails of the track twisted and piled together, and the stench from the
dead cattle was sickening.

"After Lee's surrender, of course Yankee soldiers were sent to
Chester, and I will never forget my feelings the first time I saw
them. If I never hated before, I did that day. My husband was
then a prisoner on Johnson's Island, from which place he was not
released until four months after the war ended. He was captured
six days before General Lee surrendered, and taken to City Point.
He was afterwards removed to the Old Capital prison in Washington
to attend some of our sick soldiers there, as he was a surgeon. He
was there when President Lincoln was assassinated, and he said it
was more than a man's life was worth to show his face at the win-
dows that day. They would fire upon men or women, so great was
the excitement. Mrs. Surratt was carried there a prisoner. Dr.
Murray said she seemed so conscious of her innocence that she had
no idea she would be hanged.

"We worked our way back to our island home as best we could,
and then began the struggle for existence, which is well known to
all who lived on the coast. S. J. Murray.

(Mrs. Dr. Murray.)

Personal Experiences, *61-'65*

"The winter of 1863 was one of anxiety to those of us living
within the Confederate lines. Our own family had already learned
privation and to suffer and be strong. The second year of the war
my father's plantation, on the Mississippi River, was overnm by
the Federal soldiers; the cotton appropriated, the gin house and
buildings removed, and the negroes dispersed ; some following the
Yankee army, some sent with their freedom North.

"My father was away with the army. We were young and gay
and accepted the situation with cheerfulness. We had learned
already, ere the people in the State knew privation and want, to
make many substitutes. One morning our mother came in the room
where we were gathered, two grown sisters and two almost grown.
She had an invitation for us to visit our cousins in the upper part of
the State, living near old Ninety-Six. Of course, we were eager to
go, but what should we do for something to wear? Finally my
mother produced several pairs of linen sheets, and gave one to each
of us to utilize to her best advantage. I determined to make myself
a white linen dress. The fashion for the body was called 'Garibaldi,'
which was something like a shirtwaist of the present time, only the
fullness was on the shoulders, held in place by a band from neck to

Personal Experiences, '6i-'65 197

armhole. Now this band, or style, was a place where could be dis-
played artistic ability. I decided to work mine in chain stitch, with
linen floss. When completed, the dress was a treasure, a little heavy
in weight, but cool and comfortable. When quite a young girl I had
given to me by Cousin Charley Sims a beautiful black pony, a
delightful saddle horse. My delight in this animal was great. We
had called him by numerous names, but as soon as war was declared,
we at once named him Secession.

"Capt. Alex. Taylor was among the first gentlemen of our city
to raise a cavalry company. My mother gave her carriage horses
to him for his command. There were in the company many poor
men from the sand hills around Columbia who could not get horses
for themselves. My heart sank at the thought, but I knew it was
only right that I should aid as best I could. We had a butler named
Bill, who was ever at my bidding. I told him to bring Secession in
the back yard. I threw my arms around his neck and bade him
good-bye, sent him by Bill to Captain Taylor for any man who
needed a horse. Months afterwards I heard that he was killed by
an explosion from a cannon ball.

"Columbia was filled with soldiers in those days; some at home
on furlough, some at home wounded, some passing through on their
way back to camp. Many young ladies being in the house, there
were consequently a number of soldier visitors. One evening, among
others calling, were Gen. Mart Gary, every inch a soldier, and
Alfred and Rob Wardlaw, two young soldiers from Abbeville, all
on their way back to the army. The oil for the lamps, which was
camphine, gave out, and so had the candles, but we soon had a bright
light from pine knots, and a merrier party was nowhere to be found.
The two boys were guests at the house, and after the other visitors
had gone we added to their provisions as much as they could carry
off. One thing was a fruit cake made of dried apples and dried
seeded cherries. They bade us good-bye that night, and went on to
Virginia. Some weeks elapsed and then we heard that both had
gone at once on their arrival into battle and both had been killed.

"On the corner of Blanding and Marion streets the Episcopalians
had a very pretty church, Mr. Pringle was the rector. This was the
favorite church for all the young people. On a beautiful Sunday
afternoon a number of us were there. Soon after we were seated
a wounded soldier came in. He was assisted by a valet, a nice look-
ing colored boy, who took the crutches and placed a pillow on the
seat for the wounded leg. Just imagine the flutter and excitement

198 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

this entrance caused. The soldier was an entire stranger, and wore a
Confederate colonel's uniform. I don't think we heard much of the
sermon that day. A few evenings after this one of our friends
asked if he might introduce Colonel Andrews, this same wounded
Confederate. He said Colonel Andrews was a stranger to him, but
seemed to be a gentleman. A wounded soldier had a warm place in
our hearts, and this one was welcomed to our home and the best we
had. He did not come often, but always paid us the nicest compli-
ments. On a moonlight night we were awakened by a serenade. In
our night-robes and bare-footed, we tripped to the window. A
wagon was in the street and our colonel could be plainly seen, com-
fortably seated, his valet in attendance and a string band giving us
the sweetest music. Weeks later a friend came in and told us our
colonel had been arrested as a spy, and when he saw the soldiers
approaching, he seemed at once to realize what it was for ; he threw
down his crutches and ran for some distance. He had been caught
and sent to the army. We never heard more of him, but, alas, in
that silence we could but feel sad and depressed at the fate we knew
awaited him.

"The war clouds gathered thick and dark, and disaster followed
our army. The Yankee army had divided its hordes and the South-
ern part, under Sherman, was, in the last year of the war, approach-
ing Columbia from Atlanta, Ga. Homes and firesides were sacri-
legiously invaded, and women and children were unsafe. Our
friends in Yorkville urged us to go there to be out of the line of
march. After much consultation my mother concluded it best not
to risk disaster with her family. How well do I recall that gloomy
day in February. My three sisters, with Sallie Pelham and Annie
Robertson, two young friends of ours. Miss Robertson already
a refugee from Charleston, and myself bought tickets on the rail-
road for Rock Hill, then the nearest point on the cars to Yorkville.

"The distance, though not great, was covered with much difficulty.
Soldiers with their baggage were hurrying back and forth to posts
of duty, and our stoppages and waits made the trip tedious. We
reached Rock Hill that evening about dark. A cold, sleety rain was
falling, but there were too many in our party to be depressed. After
learning where we could find accommodations for the night, we all
huddled in some sort of a conveyance and went to comfortable quar-
ters, where a bright fire awaited us. We freshened up a little and
partook of a substantial supper. There were numbers of soldiers

Personal Experiences, '6i-'65 199

there, and we, of course, were eager to hear them tell of their adven-
tures.

"The evening wore on, and about twelve o'clock we retired. We
would have to make an early start, as we had to reach Yorkville by
private conveyance. A very nice looking soldier, wearing a faded
suit of grey, came to me and said he would like to see me for a few
moments. The man was a stranger, but we had all talked to him
m the general conversation about the army and the approach of
the Yankees. I must confess I was a little excited by this special
attention, but went with him to the far end of the porch, where he
could talk unheard. He said, 'Young lady, I have selected you from
all the others for a responsible duty. Before you answer, I will tell
you what it is. I have in my charge swords belonging to General
Lovell, now in New Orleans. These swords were presented to him
by his State for gallant deeds. They are very handsome and he
values them highly. With me they are no longer safe, as I must
hurry back to camp ; I feel that you will be a trusty keeper for them
until such time as General Lovell can reclaim them.' I thanked him
for the confidence in me, and accepted the charge. We went into
the room and he brought out the swords, well encased, which he
opened for our inspection.

"The hilts were set with jewels and the scabbards finely engraved.
The soldier (we never knew his name) recased them and gave them
to me. Early the next morning we six young girls were called up
to proceed on our journey. A large and roomy carriage had been
sent by our aunt, Mrs. Ann Witherspoon, from Yorkville. Those
swords were my special care. The girls laughed and joked me about
my heroism and the penalty I would have to pay were we captured
by some band of Yankees coming on us unexpectedly.

"We reached Yorkville that evening. Our coachman was an old
gray-haired darkey, long in the Witherspoon service. Our party was
divided up amongst our friends. I went with Sallie Pelham and
Annie Robertson to Mrs. Thornwell, the wife of our beloved and
distinguished friend. Rev. J. H. Thornwell. Dr. Thornwell died a
short while before the war closed.

"I kept the swords always within easy reach. Anxiety and dis-
tress continued in our loved South. The Northern army entered
Columbia only a few days after we left, and the horrors enacted
there will ever remain a blot on civilized manhood. My cousin,
Captain Witherspoon, since Judge Witherspoon, was at home for a
few days on business. We told him of having General Lovell's

2CX5 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

swords. He said we must bury them, as there was too much risk
in every way in having them always near. The Northern army was
advancing into the upper part of the State, and its soldiers entered
homes and searched from garret to cellar ; took off all they possibly
could, and often burned what remained. It was with great grief I
acquiesced in his decision, but gave the swords to Captain Wither-
spoon, and at a safe place they were buried, and there remained until
some time after the war, when a trusty messenger came with letters
to get them for the rightful owner. They were examined and found
in perfect keeping, and then delivered.

"Leora Sims O'Neal.
("Mrs. Richard O'Neal.")

Recollections of SHerman's Raid Throu.£>h SoutK
Carolina, Februarj', 1865>

(For My Children.)

"Sherman, as you know, entered our beautiful city, Columbia, on
February 17, 1865. Your grandfather deemed it best for me to
leave before the entrance of the army. Aunt Jane Crawford was
left in the house, negroes in the yard. We thought she would be
able to save the house, etc. Accordingly he, with many valuable
papers belonging to our Theological Seminary and others, and our
silver, and I,with some clothing, left on Wednesday's train for Winns-
boro, to stay with Aunt Hessie. Just as we boarded the train, which
was crowded to overflowing, fire was reported in the city, which
proved to be the Congaree bridge. Father remarked: 'There is
$1,000.00 of mine gone.' A soldier, seeing father was an old man,
gave up his seat to him and sat on his knapsack. After delays we
started. Our train broke down in sight of Winnsboro, and there we
sat until daybreak, when we pulled into the town. The days before
Sherman came to Winnsboro we spent wondering and waiting for
we did not know what. I remember Aunt Margaret remarking:
'Perhaps the anticipation will be worse than the reality.' On Friday
night we looked from the windows and saw the sky red, which we
knew was the reflection of our home burning, Sherman having ruth-
lessly set it on fire after shelling the city. In my aunt's house, where
we were refugeeing, were Aunt Margaret Crawford, Aunt Hessie
Fraser, Cousin Jane Crawford, Cousin Margaret Adams, Lillian
Adams, Maggie Fraser, and Mrs. Thompson (the latter ill in bed,

Recollections of Sherman's Raid

20I

afraid to stay at home. My aunts told her husband they would care
for her, as he was obliged to secret himself.) Father rode on an
engine to Chester with the papers in his possession, thinking they
would be more secure there at the house of Rev. James Douglas. He
and father buried the bag and unearthed it afterwards. I will never
forget the great anxiety of father concerning the papers; he being
treasurer of the Theological Seminary, felt the responsibility. He
returned to Winnsboro, as there were sick soldiers at 'Mount Zion
Academy,' then used as a hospital, and he went there to be of use as
a nurse. He then thought it would be better for us (the ladies
aforesaid) to go there to be with him. We started in the night,
old Mr. McCreight carrying a lantern- We reached the place in
the course of time (Cousin Jane with her pet dog, Fannie) ; but
finding we would not fare so well there as at Aunt Hessie's, we went
back. When we reached the city clock, we met two soldiers, who
told us some soldiers (they supposed to be Yankees) had shot
them. We think now they were themselves Yankees. We sat up
all night, not knowing when the army would come, as we only knew
they had left Columbia. The first intimation of their approach was
early in the morning when we were dressing. On looking from
the windows we saw two or three Yankees running into the yard,
through a side gate at the right of the house. Two came to the
door and rapped. Aunt Margaret opened it, asked who they were
and what they wanted. They answered : 'We are Wheeler's men.'
She said : 'Yes, with U. S. on your belts.' They came in with others
and helped themselves to everything on the breakfast table. We had
thrown into the ashes in the fireplace the few pieces of silver we
happened to have on the table.

"The ladies of the town had formed a committee to meet General
Sherman to ask for a guard for their homes. At the time appointed
all shrank from the undertaking, excepting Aunt Hessie, who went
alone and met the division by the Presbyterian church as they came
into the town. She was received politely by the officer, who granted
her request for herself and others. The guard was stationed at the
back door, and threatened to shoot whoever came in. Before he
came, the soldiers ransacked the house from pantry to attic, bursting
open trunks, bureaus, etc., my aunts following. We were huddled
in Mrs. Thompson's room, Governor Hugh S. Thompson's wife;
Sometimes they tried to enter there. We told them a sick lady lay
there, so 'after looking in, they generally went away. We saved
provisions under her bed. One man, more thoughtful than the rest,

202 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

helped us to turn Mrs. Thompson, who was unconscious. Aunt
Hessie met with quite an accident, falHng over a trunk, and was
obHged to sit with her limb elevated for days. The dog, Jeff Davis,
was lying under the table in the hall. At the first approach of the
Yankees he jumped up and barked, whereupon one of the men shot
him. We thought he was killed, but after the army left he came
back perfectly well, and lived for years, a good watch dog. The
soldiers broke the beehive, the bees came out ; one of the soldiers
was stung; he had the presumption to come to Aunt Hessie to get
something to relieve his finger; she tied it up with turpentine. She
certainly cared for her enemy. We had in the house a Lieutenant
Bowles, who was something of a protection.

"Cousin Jane lost her jewelry, as she insisted upon putting it into
her satchel, instead of hiding it on her person. Twenty-seven houses
were burned in Winnsboro. I remember seeing a soldier going into
the yard with chickens slung across his saddle. They stole our cow
and left two calves, which we were compelled to butcher. We had
sorghum and boiled com for food. All the mills were burned
excepting a little horse mill of old Mr. McCreight's. I stayed in
Winnsboro three weeks, until Dr. Hill, my brother-in-law from
Edgefield, came and took me back with him. He reached Winns-
boro on a dark night. We had had so many false alarms, thinking
the Yankees were coming, we were afraid to open the door. Father
was asleep on the sofa, but being awakened, he went to the door,
though I tried to prevent him. You may judge of our joyful sur-
prise when we realized who it was, a friend in need. He brought
a wagon load of provisions. One mule had given out on account
of the heavy roads, which were badly cut up by the army wagons.
He stopped at Captain Scurry's to borrow a mule, which was lent
willingly. He not only brought provisions to us, but medicines to
Uncle John Crawford in Columbia. The people in Edgefield did not
suffer as we did. A brigade, General Ferguson commanding, was
stationed at Ninety-Six. As soldiers in that community were rare,
they, of course, were paid every attention, and we had charming
rides and dances during my stay in that community. Carrie Brooks's
wedding took place at that time. She married Colonel Byrd, and I
was bridesmaid, waiting with Lieutenant Thompson, of Maryland.

"During the night of the fire in Columbia our coachman, Peter,
was faithful to Aunt Jane Crawford. He took wet blankets, she
handing them to him, and would lay them on the roof. The wind
blew a gale all night. The house, though built of brick, had a very

Exodus from Beaufort 203

old roof, which caught readily from the tall trees and near houses.
Aunt Jane stayed in the house until it was useless to stay longer.
She had a soldier to move my piano (a very handsome one) to the
front door, but it was so large it had to be left to its fate. Sister
Mary's guitar was stolen. Our family Bible was found in the yard.
Our good dog was consumed in the flames. Aunt Jane left the
burning house, went across to the cemetery of the First Presbyterian
Church and remained until sunrise. A brass tea kettle Aunt Jane
prized she picked up in the hurry of departure. I have it now as a
memento. During all these hours of terror Aunt Jane could hear
nothing from Uncle John, who was at his house on Blanding street.
As soon as she was able, she went to him. As he had a guard, the
house and furniture were saved. Our servants left with Sherman's
, army.

"During the war young ladies busied themselves sewing and
knitting for the soldiers. They formed a Young Ladies' Hospital
Association, which met regularly with Mrs. Fisher, who was presi-
dent. I learned to make shirts, socks, etc., and many a box of neces-
saries was sent to soldiers. I returned to Columbia, after remaining
a year in Edgefield. Father, Aunt Jane and I lived in the Latta
House for some months. The place is now known as the 'Benedict
Institute' for negroes. I spent the first weeks of married life there.
"Affectionately your mother,

"Margaret Crawford Clarkson.
"Mrs. John Clarkson, Columbia.
"Laurel Hill, S. C, May 17, 1890."

A.n .Accou.nt and Reminiscences of tHe Exodus
From Beaufort, S. C, in 1861.

By Miss Mary S. Hamilton.

Knowing the value of Port Royal harbor as a base against Charles-
ton and Savannah, the authorities recognized the necessity of putting
it in a condition of security. Forts had been built at Beaufort early
in '61 — "Snearly," near the present courthouse, and "Littleton,"
where the Coosaw Works were placed in after years. Early in the
spring, troops were sent to Bay Point and Hilton Head to erect
Forts "Beauregard" and "Walker."

All through the summer rumors were heard of the weakness of
our fortifications, which would require a Fort Sumter in the middle
of the harbor and one on each shore to keep out the fleet of the
United States. We felt secure — was not the Beaufort Artillery at

204 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Fort Beauregard, and Commodore Tattnall in command of our Con-
federate fleet ? Surely, with such leaders and brave men, they could
keep out the armament of the world !

Our men were in service, and the women at home early learned to
knit for the soldiers, and sew as well. The first gift of their handi-
work was one hundred "havelocks"' to shade them from the burning
sun of the seashore. Heavier work was soon attempted, and ladies'
delicate hands cut out clothing and sewed the stitches in cotton and
woolen goods, ready for the winter supply of the brave soldiers who
were in the field.

Still we dwelt secure, fearing no evil to our town, until the 2nd
of November brought the tidings that the Northern fleet had sailed
for some Southern port. Where was uncertain.

Sunday, the 3rd, we gathered in the church of our forefathers,
where the much-loved pastor, of nearly fifty years' service in that
pulpit, cheered our hearts by his strong faith in our cause, and hope
that the "threatened evil would pass away like snow before the sun."

On Monday we learned that Port Royal harbor was the destina-
tion, and early Tuesday we realized the fact, for the guns from the
fleet made the windows rattle and houses shake.

Command came from the military authorities that the women and
children must leave the town, and every arrangement was made to
obey. Before the attack on Thursday, the 7th, every one had left,
and when the forts fell and the United States troops entered on Sat-
urday, the 9th, not one white person was in the once prosperous town
of Beaufort, except an Irish laborer who had come from a neighbor-
ing island.

The property was sold for the war tax in 1862, and as the homes
have never been restored, very few of the old inhabitants have ever
returned to make it their home.

Our family went in private carriages to our winter home on the
plantation in Prince William's Parish, where we remained until
December 14, and welcomed many of our less fortunate friends on
their journey from Beaufort to safer quarters. Captain Osborn
Barnwell was brought to our home wounded in a skirmish with the
enemy. My mother dressed his wounds daily, until he was strong
enough to leave with his family for Aiken, where a sister lived.

Gen. R. E. Lee visited our troops and fortifications at Port Royal
Ferry, and it was decided to draw our lines of defense at the Charles-
ton and Savannah Railroad ; so the lower part of Beaufort District

Exodus from Beaufort 205

(as it was then called) was given up, and we had to leave our home
.again and go to Walterboro.

All that part of the country was destroyed — ^not one house left of
all the lovely homes on the numerous plantations.

When the town of Beaufort was evacuated by the whites, the
homes were ransacked by the negroes and troops, and everything of
value stolen, for the inhabitants, expecting to return, had left all
their possessions as if they were to be away only a few days — even
silver in many cases.

A good commander prepares for defeat even when cheering his
men to victory. So Captain Elliott had flats on the eastern portion
of Bay Point Island, and when Fort Beauregard was no longer
tenable, he brought off his men without any loss, first to Beaufort and
then on to Port Royal Ferry. He commanded the artillery until he
was requested to take command of Fort Sumter, which had been
declared untenable by Col. Alfred Rhett.

Major Elliott turned it into a sand fort, and held it against all the
attempts of the United States fleet and batteries to capture it. He
was later promoted to general, and sent to Virginia, where he was
severely wounded in the Petersburg Crater.

My father was disabled from active service, but during the entire
war served his country in the enrolling department.

My brother, Paul Hamilton, served with General Hampton in
Virginia, entering the army at nineteen, and then was promoted to
the position of Assistant Adjutant General to Gen. Stephen D. Lee.
He fell at Vicksburg, just at the moment of victory, Dec. 29, 1862.
Not yet twenty-one years of age, and had been in thirty battles !

My brother William entered the Confederate Navy at fifteen years,
serving on the "Lady Davis," "Nashville," "Palmetto State,"
"Chicora," and "Albemarle." He was one of the three "Willies"
who ran the "Nashville" out of Beaufort, North Carolina, to prevent
her falling into the enemy's hands, when their town was taken in
1862.

After the surrender he returned home with the flag of his country
still floating from his wagon, and he kept it ever as his private cap-
tain's flag at his masthead when he entered the English merchant
service.

My brother-in-law, R. B. Fuller, served with General Elliott, both
in the artillery and at Fort Sumter, taking part also with the Pal-
metto Guards in the first attack on Fort Sumter in April, 1861.

2o6 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

In these days of doubt, when the question is always asked, "Is
there any money in it?" it is hard for the young to realize the faith of
a people in a Cause they deemed Right, and were ready to die for.

Mary S. Hamilton,

Beaufort, S. C.

Reminiscences of tKe Exodus From Beaufort, S. C.

(During the "Struggle for Independence," being a continuation of the article
written by Miss Hamilton, by Mrs. A. B. Mazyck.)

"The Sunday spoken of by Miss Hamilton was beautiful beyond
description. Our hearts were filled with patriotism and devotion,
while the organ pealed forth the beautiful hymn, 'God save the
South,' one verse of which is :

" 'God be our shield,
At home or a-field;
Stretch Thine Arm over us,
Strengthen and save.
What though they're three to one,
Forward, each sire and son.
Strike till the war be done.
Strike to the grave.'

"Ah, they were many more than three to one. Grant said he
needed six to one to ensure victory, and we all know he had far
more than that proportion ere we succumbed.

"Our venerable pastor, the Rev. Joseph Walker, reminded us
that God was nigh to all who called upon Him, and as the near
approach of the 'enemy' was a time of trouble, he would have the
church bills rung the next day at twelve o'clock, and requested the
heads of families to gather their households together and hold fam-
ily prayers (such as few neglected to do at least once every day in
those far-off times).

"We were subdued as we walked home, but we never dreamed of
the fate before us.

"Late in the day our cousin. Miss Eliza Barnwell (afterwards
librarian of the South Carolina College) called. She told us that
her father said that we should leave the town as early as possible
and take refuge in one of his plantation houses on the mainland ; our
own plantation being on Beaufort Island was no safer than the
town.

Exodus from Beaufort 207

"We sent to our plantation for carts to take such things as we
thought best to carry — not much, for we expected soon to return —
and rose early Monday, packed and had the house put in order before
•leaving it.

"At twelve o'clock the church bell rang. My mother, her five
daughters, three sons (the other four being with the armies), and
our neighbor, Mrs. Edward Cuthbert, with her two little boys,
assembled. We united for the last time in that house in prayer.

"That afternoon we reached the plantation, where we spent one
week in anxiety among strange negroes. They and the men servants
who had accompanied us went into the town every night, bringing
back with them such "prog' as they could 'tote.' One offered my
mother doylies her father had taken from the stores. Our old
coachman brought my mother a discarded 'bombazine bonnet' which
he had found in her room. The negroes did not at that time realize
that we were not to return soon, and that they could easily have
deserted us and crossed over to 'Old Laurel Bay,' to which those
who survived the war returned.

"My brother, Edward H. Barnwell, went, with a few others, into
the town one night before the Yankees had taken possession. It
was as still as death. They met no one, and he even entered our
house, which headed the bay. Looking from the window of the
fourth story, he saw the gunboats of the enemy not far away.

"In a few days our forts were abandoned and our soldiers made
their way to the mainland, but my brother, Stephen E. Barnwell
(afterwards acting adjutant-general to Gen. Stephen Elliott during
his defence of Fort Sumter), was missing from the ranks, having
tarried to assist the wounded.

"It was, to us, the first of many pangs we suffered during the
war, Stephen missing! What did that mean? Our suspense was
only of a few hours' duration, but who can ever measure anxiety by
time ? Is it not degree ? That night we heard Maum Nancy's voice,
'Missus, Mass Steben come,- Mass Steben come.' Out we rushed
to meet him. We saw the old woman trying to bring him in as she
had done when a boy.

"Qn the Monday following we left for Charleston, the plantation
being considered unsafe for ladies. Upon arriving there we found
my brother, William H. Barnwell, lying mortally wounded at my
uncle's house. He had been accidentally shot by a friend. He was
lieutenant of Regiment C. S. A., and lacked one week of his
twenty-first birthday. It was a fearful grief. It seemed so terrible

2o8 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

that he should have fallen so uselessly ; but when we passed through
the disappointment of the surrender and the fiery ordeal of Recon-
struction, we felt that he had been spared much, for his was an
uncommonly high-spirited, imperious nature, and he would have,
suffered more than most.

"Our next flight was from Columbia just before Sherman's army
entered it. Again our servants showed their devotion. I was one
of those who had to enter the cars through the very small windows.
Small as I was, I had to be pushed through by a gentleman, who
lifted me up like a child. Our maid stuck and was pulled and pushed
for some time before she got in. The doors were locked until we
were some miles from the city in order to prevent a disastrous jam.

"We then went to Yorkville, 'hospitable Yorkville.' May I never
forget the kindness of its inmates. They opened their doors to take
in numbers, and sent liberal supplies to those who had rented houses.
Mesdames Steel, Lowry, Wilson, Thomwell, McCaw and Wither-
spoon, took us under their charge and seemed to think it their duty
to see that we lacked nothing. This devotion continued until we
returned to our homes. Our homes ! Where were they ? The charm-
ing Beaufort we had left was filled with negroes and such Yankees
as were willing to fraternize with them. They occupied our houses,
and were only too sorry to have us return and calmly take posses-
sion of anything we could find. The town will never be what it was.
The few families now there cling to the memories of the past. They
keep up their very old churches and beautiful graveyards, to which
many who die elsewhere are brought for interment; but the young
men must seek employment where there is life.

"When hostilities began my brother, the Rev. Robert W. Barn-
well, held the position in the South Carolina College of Professor
of Moral Philosophy and Sacred Literature. He was also chaplain.
Feeling that his duty called him where the sick and wounded were
suffering, he resigned his position and went to the front, where the
war. raged fiercest. I have before me Dr. La Borde's 'History of the
College,' from which I make the following extracts :

" 'Mr. Barnwell's labors were mostly in Virginia, the theatre of
the most active operations, and where most of Carolina soldiers were
in service. He conceived the idea of an Aid Association, consisting
of gentlemen from Carolina; of establishing bureaus of supply and
hospitals for the sick and wounded, and all this was soon accom-
plished and placed in a condition of the highest efficiency. The
headquarters were at Charlottesville, Va., and the principal bureau

Exodus from Beaufort 209

was at that place, but the Association extended its aid to Orange,
Culpepper, Manassas, Fairfax, and other places. The supplies from
the bureau, though mostly distributed to Carolina soldiers, were not
wholly confined to them. The first battle of Manassas was now
fought; supplies from the people of the State were being sent for-
ward in large quantities, and with this the work of the Association
was rapidly increasing. The shipment of supplies from every neigh-
borhood in the State, which required acknowledgment, and the hun-
dreds of letters of inquiry after the battle of Manassas, made neces-
sary a most extensive correspondence. Hundreds were in the hos-
pitals of the Association, and the physicians, nurses and others were
all from Carolina.

" The organization was complete ; no hospital of the time was
more perfect in its appointments and better conducted. Though all
worked up to the highest point of efficiency and discharged to the
full the obligations of humanity, it must be said that Mr. Barnwell
directed every movement and assumed all responsibility. The labor
of the correspondence was immense, but he took it upon himself,
and few letters, I am sure, remained unanswered.

" 'Supplies were forwarded from time to time to the Carolina
forces in the field, and they were always placed in charge of some
one connected with the Association. Mr. Barnwell had his full part
in this labor, and personally distributed them to the army.

" 'The battles around Richmond made it necessary that the Cen-
tral Association, for the relief of soldiers, should establish a depot
at that city. The agency of this large enterprise was assigned to
Mr. Barnwell. The District Relief Association became auxiliary
to the Central ; money and supplies flowed in from every point, and
soon the large bureau in Columbia was full of boxes and packages
for the army. The effect of all of this was, of course, to increase
largely the labors of Mr. Barnwell. He met fully this additional
responsibility, and, forgetful of all personal consideration, struggled
day and night for the suffering soldier.

" 'His zeal was unflagging, and his exertions unremitting. There
is no doubt that in his anxious desire to do his full duty he took
upon himself more than human nature could endure for any long
period. But his soul was in his work, and his earnest spirit stiui
out all calculation in respect to his own health or personal com-
fort. It was plainly to be seen that his vigorous constitution was
gradually giving way, and that he was soon to be added to the list of
youthful martyrs of South Carolina.

14

\

2IO South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

" 'His health declined steadily, and for the last year of his life he
was never well. There was, however, no relaxation from his labors,
but nature could not continue the struggle forever, and at last he was
obliged, by severe illness, to confine himself to his chamber. He died
June 23, 1863, aged thirty-two.'

"My father. Rev. William H. Barnwell, the founder of both St.
Peter's and Grace Churches of this city, had six sons in the service
of their country. Two gave their lives, two were wounded, and one,
aged seventeen, was for some time paralyzed. The seventh, being
only thirteen years old when the war ended, was unfit for service.

"My husband, Dr. Edmund Mazyck, of this city, was the son of
Mr. William Mazyck. He lacked a few months of graduation from
the Medical College when Major Anderson transferred his forces
from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter. Responding to the call of his
country, he joined the Washington Light Infantry and did service
with that company at James Island, Secessionville, Sullivan's and
Morris Islands. Subsequently he joined the Marion Artillery.
After passing an examination in ordnance, he was commissioned
ordnance officer of Battery Wagner.

"When Wagner could no longer be held, Capt. T. A. Huguenin
and Lieutenant Mazyck were entrusted with the arduous and dan-
gerous duty of spiking its guns and blowing up its magazine Sep-
tember 6, 1863. They were assisted by Capt. C. C. Pinckney, Jr.,
Lieut. I. R. Ross, and Ordnance Sergeant Leathe, and these five
were the last Confederates to leave Morris Island.

Lieutenant Mazyck served with distinction as ordnance officer of
Hagood's Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was a
participant in forty battles. Three horses were shot under him in
the battle of Drury's Blufif, but he escaped the dangers unhurt, except
in health. He never took the oath of allegiance to the United States,
and was an 'unreconstructed Confederate' to the day of his death.
Being a physician, he could and did give aid to his city in many
ways unknown to us.

"Mrs. Edmund Mazyck, nee Ann Barnwell."

Personal Experiences of Mrs. Lydia Walpole

Sallex. of tHe Paul M cMicHael Chapter,

Orangeburg, S. C.

"My native home was on one of the islands which line the coast
of South Carolina, thus we were early exposed to the trials of the
War Between the States. We had two homes on this garden spot

Personal Experiences of Mrs. L. W. Salley 211

of .our Southland. One a summer home, and the other where we
passed our winters on the plantation. Our summer home was at
Legareville, John's Island, on the Stono River, within eight miles
of the Atlantic Ocean. We were obliged to leave this home in 1861,
as we feared the Yankees would soon take possession of the island,
there being two entrances by which they could come in, and we were
unprotected, having only one military company. (The Stono Scouts),
and they had been ordered away the day the battle of Port Royal was
fought.

"After such a lapse of time, it is hard to realize the unprotected
feeling of the women when we saw our fathers, brothers and hus-
bands leave us, and to what fate, we knew not. The battle of Port
Royal was fought in November, 1861. At Legareville we could
plainly hear the roar of the cannon. As a precaution of safety, we
decided to move to the plantations, which were on the interior of
the island, it being safer to get away from the water front. The
move was therefore made. As we rode along the negroes on the
plantations we had to pass were crazed with fright, and would run
out to know what all the noise was about ? I would always answer,
'The Yankees are coming, you had better run and hide somewhere.'

"Very shortly after we moved to Charleston, the Yankees
attempted to make a landing a few miles from our home. That move
was a terrible experience ; we had to provide for 250 slaves with all
of their belongings. We secured a rice plantation on the Cooper
Piver, and moved them there.

"My father, who had remained at home on account of his age,
was now ordered out with the Home Guard, and I was left with
friends. At the evacuation of Charleston the Yankees soon reached
our home; by land and water they came. It was on the Cooper
River plantation that I first saw a 'bluecoat.' It was such a surprise
I did not have time to be frightened. They came in crowds ; it had
rained and the yard was quite muddy. I met them at the door, and
was indignant when they rushed past into the house without asking
permission. I followed to see what they would do. They searched
the house, then went into the yard, where they killed every chicken
and turkey; in fact, all the poultry we had; besides, they took all of
our corn, potatoes, rice; everything they could lay hands on. I
asked an officer not to allow his men to steal and destroy all we had.
His reply was, 'This is South Carolina, and we intend to punish you
women.' I looked fearlessly at him and told him to be careful how
he expressed himself, as I was a South Carolina girl and would not

212 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

be responsible for what I might be tempted to say. He left me and
was walking across the yard when he slipped and fell in the mud,
breaking his sword in pieces. I laughed at him and said : 'You see
how South Carolina soil treats Yankees.'

"That crowd soon left, but shortly after their departure another
arrived, white and black. I acknowledge to being frightened then;
all Southern women dreaded the invasion of negro soldiers. They
searched everywhere, but found little, as the first crowd had taken
all we possessed in the way of provisions and poultry. Some of
them announced they were going to stay all night. We were not at
all willing they should do so, but were powerless to prevent it.

"I was afraid to stay in the house alone at night, so went for some
friends to come and stay with me. We managed to get along very
well, but dared not undress and go to bed.

"Days passed and things got quiet, when one morning two negro
soldiers came in, threatening to burn the house, and not to allow us
to get out. We told them we would leave if they would allow us to
do so. They did, and we hired a colored man with his ox cart to take
us to a neighbor's about eight miles off. We reached our friend's
after several hours' journey. That night we undressed and went to,
bed for the first time in three weeks. Our morning nap was dis-
turbed by loud noises. We jumped up to find the yard crowded with
Yankees. We dressed as quickly as possible, and began to make
preparations for breakfast. We found one old rooster after the
Yankees had gone. This we boiled the first day and made soup,
which was thickened with meal ; that, with corn bread, served as our
breakfast and dinner for two days. On the third day we fried it
without butter or lard, and with more corn bread, it fed us, four in
number, for three days. I cannot say that our appetites were ever sat-
isfied, but we had nothing else. I had an opportunity of communicat-
ing with one of our old servants, and sent her word to send me some-
thing to eat. She did so by driving at night six miles through the
woods. The roads were blockaded with bluecoats. Oh! how glad
we were to see that wagon, which brought us food enough to last a
month. I remained with my friends for several months, then made
efforts to get to Charleston, where my sister was.

"There was a gunboat on the Cooper River, and the captain had
called at our house on several occasions. He learned that I wanted
to get to Charleston, and told me I could go on his boat if I would
take the oath of allegiance to the United States. This I refused to
do, but made up my mind to go on the next trip the boat made, as I

Personal Experiences of Mrs. L. W. Salley 213

had heard that several of my friends were then going. Upon the
day appointed, I went to the wharf, walked on board and took my
seat. We very soon started. After a little the captain came to me
and said, 'Please come below and sign the oath.' I answered, 'No,
indeed.' He told me he would not allow me to leave the boat until
I had done so. Just after dark we reached Charleston. All was in
my favor, as there were a good many passengers on board. I
crowded in among them, as quickly as possible got a carriage and
drove to my sister's. I have often wondered what that Yankee
thought when he searched for me to sign that oath.

"I had been in Charleston several weeks when we learned that
sixty-five of our soldiers were in the county jail as prisoners of war.
I determined to see them, if it were any way possible. I went to
some of our lady friends and told them what I had learned. Four
of them agreed to go with me on a day appointed. We went, but
were met at the gate by a bluecoat with musket and bayonet. I
told him our mission, when, to our dismay, he put his gun across
the gate and said, 'No admittance to see rebels.' Our Southern blood
was now kindled, and we told him we would go in, so dodged under
his gun, and thus forced our entrance. 'Now,' I said, 'we are in
and won't go out until we have seen our boys.' Seeing we were
determined, he yelled, 'Officer of the day.' Soon that official appeared.
We told him our errand ; he said, 'Well, I'll let you in this time, but
the next time you must have passports from headquarters.' We told
him all right. (We got the passports from General Bennett, who
was in command of the city.) We went upstairs and there were our
poor soldiers half starved ; some sick and hardly presentable for want
of clothes. We stayed awhile and promised to come soon again.
The four ladies met and discussed ways and means to help these
poor men. We decided we would have to do some begging for
them. Two agreed to solicit clothing and two medicine. I was
chairman of the medicine committee. We went to a druggist and
told him our story. He said, 'My dear children, those Yankees won't
let you take anything to those men.' I told him just to put up what
he thought we needed, and we would take it', if he would lend us the
back of his store for a short time. The doctor put up the bottles and
bundles, and giving them to us, pointed to a door and said, 'Go in
there.' We asked for some cord, which he gave, then we disappeared
for half an hour. Those were the days of hoop skirts. Each of us
wore one, and it was to the reeds of these skirts that we tied those
bundles and bottles.

214 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

"The doctor was surprised when he saw us, and wanted to know
what we had done with our bundles. We told him they were safe
and would soon be in the hands of the sick. We necessarily had to
walk very carefully. After about an hour's walk we reached the
jail, gave our passports to the guard and went in. We had to mount
those stairs with almost more care than we had walked the streets.
We asked our men to let us have one of their rooms for awhile. This
they did, and you may imagine their surprise when we came out
with hands full of bundles and bottles. They were amazed, and
asked where we had got them, but, of course, we could not tell. In
a few days the sick were better, and those half starved, half naked
men were made more comfortable through the medium of our hoop
skirts, for without them we could never have gotten anything inside
of that jail."

Miss KatKerine Robertson, of CHarleston.

(By Kit Courtland, of The Dixie Chapter, Anderson, S. C.)

"Among the many women devoted heart and soul to the Cause
of the South, there was none more so than the subject of this sketch.

"It was during the early days of the War Between the States
that the George Robertson family refugeed in the village of Pendle-
ton. With them came Miss Katherine, the sister of Mr. George
Robertson, a maiden lady, who powerfully impressed her personality
upon all who met her.

"If Miss Robertson had lived in these later days I am sure she
would have been a notable club woman, entering into the work with
the enthusiasm which marked all she did. In fact, with her strong
executive ability, I feel sure she could have held the reins of several
clubs at once in her firm white hands, for she was a most capable
organizer and worker as well as a fluent talker. She would now be
much valued as a bold and useful leader.

"Though coming from one of the old coast families with wealthy
surroundings, I do not think that she ever willingly passed an idle
hour. I remember her in connection with historic old St. Paul's
Church, Pendleton, as an ardent church-worker; most devoutly on
her knees at morning service, and eventide prayer, and again I think
of her with her hands filled with beautiful fancy work, or decorating
a room for some festival.

"She gathered together a flourishing school for small children in
Pendleton, and taught for some time. She had a genius for trim-

A Devoted Woman 215

ming bonnets (not hats), and when visiting her friends, would, if
there was need of her services, call for some scraps, and merrily-
work away, quickly transforming the old bonnet into the new. We
poor blockaded ones knew nothing of fashion, except when one of
England's friendly ships would leave magazines at Nassau, and one
of our moonlight 'blockaders' would silently steal down the coast of
Dixie and land a moonshiner's cargo under the palmettoes.

"Once, when my mother was packing for a trip. Miss Katherine
rushed in with a radiant face and told her that she must unpack her
bonnet, for a magazine 'had gotten through the blockade', and that
the latest style in Paris was the "gunboat' shape. She then ruth-
lessly ripped up my mother's cherished treasure and tacked on the
'gunboat' addition, which consisted of a large half-moon of paste-
board covered with silk and festooned with lace.

"How well I remember my mother's lovely face as she traveled to
Charleston under this immortal creation, that war-time fashion, 'just
from Paris, in bond, to the Southern Confederacy, via Nassau.'

"But, above all other things, Miss Robertson's splendid vitality
was freely spent for the soldiers of Dixie, and though not an up-
country woman, she worked heart and soul for the up-country com-
panies, especially for the grand old Fourth Regiment, S. C. V.

"A small hospital was opened on the northeast corner of the square
in Pendleton, and Miss Robertson was installed as its head. She
would not allow the girls even to read to the soldiers, saying to us :
'Go away, girls! When your faces have been rubbed with a brass
candlestick as mine has been, then you can nurse soldiers, not now.'
A grand .woman of the old South ; she was both sincerely religious
and had a keen sense of humor; a true daughter of that glorious
Confederacy that drifted away from the shores of nations.

"After her return to Charleston, upon the opening of the Confed-
erate Home, she entered into that work with unabated enthusiasm.
That, and the Ladies' Memorial Association (the first of its kind
formed in the State), also the Calhoun Monument Association, of
which her sister, Mrs. George Robertson, was president, and she
her most active adjutant, absorbed all her energies, until she entered
into life eternal."

2i6 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Deeds of Southern ^omen Should Live

The following address has been issued to the various chapters
of the State Division of the Daughters of the Confederacy :

Columbia, S. C, May 8, 1900.
To the Chapters of the South Carolina Division, Daughters of the

Confederacy:

Madam President : Through you I address each individual in
your chapter. I ask the members for a recognition of the design of
the Division Historical Research Committee, as they have presented
it in the circular sent to each chapter. Fellow workers, I ask more
than recognition, give response, because of the worth of their effort
to secure in record the characteristic features which distinguish Con-
federate annals among those of any modern people.

Look at one peculiarity of the War Between the States, which
made a mysterious peril like fighting in the dark.

Whilst struggling to establish our own separate nationality, we
carried within ourselves another nation, curiously merged and yet
opposed to us ; a dependent people in our care, and we in theirs,
numerically able to overwhelm the women, children and old men of
our race, and we without coercive power to meet any combined
resistance to our influence or authority. That characteristic of the
times was met by unconscious reliance upon the ruling of habit
among the negroes and just blind trust and courage, on the part of
Southern women — perhaps we did not know what was passing
through these people, as the bird does not know the messages pass-
ing through its claws as it clutches and balances itself upon the
telegraph wire. .

I hope no one will regard our attempt to secure the written reports
of the drama of these days as in any way embodying a desire to
glorify woman; we simply mean to present her as a historical fact
in the "four years' " encounter with the forces and opinions of the
world ; we know her value in the simplicity and privacy of life, but
we cannot take her out of the war. She was among its resources;
and we urge you to take notes from grandmothers and mothers now
within your reach; and who alone can ever make known the signifi-
cant events and circumstances in which they were actors.

Men were finally conscripted for the army between sixteen and
sixty, I think.

That gap for practical energy was filled by whom, and what?

CONFEDERATE TREASUEY^ ANDERSON.

Deeds of Southern Women 217

All women were not merely hospital nurses, kindly householders,
mothers and teachers — what were the other women doing?

Can you not see the womanhood as it came down the years, from
the threshold of colonial manor and cabin — daughters following
mothers until the Confederate women were massed; the outcome of
the sturdy experience, refinement and character, which had been
accruing — ^till Southern nationality was pressed into these women
who were precipitated upon the dilemma of i860?

The quality of that womanhood, like molten metal under white
heat, poured into shapes exacted by the exigencies of the times —
organizers, manufacturers, moral government among hordes of
negroes, overseers, lumber millers, land clearers, traders, took form ;
these women transferred slave forces from plantation to plantation,
quelled resistances, they ditched and drained fields, built storage
barns, standing over their negro workmen, cheering, urging, and
checking. Write these stories.

They were in civil departments, fled with government property,
abandoned private goods to aid in saving State values. In much of
all this they had the aid and direction of the old men here and
there, and every man was ready to assist a woman.

Being domestic economists, they were also managers for the pub-
lic benefit. They kept up supplies in the land, crops were planted,
and by hook or crook the negroes were fed or so cheered by the
endeavors of their owners that they were willing to labor, for they
saw that the field laborer was considered before the family, when
this choice was forced. Sheep were raised, wool was hoarded, spin-
ning wheels were run by ladies who had perchance never before seen
a spinner dance to and from the whirling, droning round. Some
who for daintiness had never put to the ground their feet, clad in
silken hose and satin shoon, now would mount any dromedary of a
"condemned horse" and rampage counties to gather sustenance for
aggregations of dependants, to enable them to work on the crops and
raise supplies. Old relations gave them allies in almost all cases
among the reliable men on different plantations.

Shall we lose the record of these negroes, whose counsel, judg-
ment, and affection are also a philosophic part of American history?
Were they the outcome of hardness and inconsideration amongst
their "white people"? And bad legislation? See the testimony given
to Southern civilization, that these black people remained, going and
coming, under the protection and orders of old and young mistresses,
worked for them, and waited without impatience the severance of

2i8 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

ties, rarely showing violence and generally evincing regard! Will
not some of our Daughters of the Confederacy note that there is a
fine duty which they are called upon to perform in setting these
things upon record?

And later, in the succeeding years, when men were again at home,
and without the occupations which were their birthright, the partici-
pation and direction in public affairs and offices, how many were
stranded, and turned to lesser cares of simple domestic life without
means, and without that faculty that enables a man of mental and
public habits to become a mere practical home machine — can no
woman, or is it that no woman will tell these tales of smothered
anguish, of mothers, wives and daughters, who, by devices, blinded
their family men "that they should not see" that there were no
fairies about in the air who lifted into the house the supplies of
wood and water; screening them from the knowledge that these
services were done by the cherished women of their firestones, whose
hearts were stronger than their muscles, for they bore cheerily the
consciousness that their men were like Prometheus, bound to a rock
under vultures' beaks?

I heard a Charleston girl say that she cut her stove wood, cooked
the family meals, gave dancing lessons to a large class, trumped up
a costume and went to every society ball, and her brothers knew only
of their own outside struggles, and she did not mean that they should
know how the stove was kept going.

It is the project of the Division to collect and have printed in
book form such narratives as illustrate the people of Confederate
years — "Lives show the Times deceased."

I would respectfully recommend that the names of those who
figure in the narratives submitted to the committee shall be given
without reserve. Interwoven names and associations and helpful-
ness will indicate how truly we were Confederates, in our miseries,
our sympathies and devotions.

I am, cordially yours,

Mrs. Thomas Taylor,
President S. C. Division Daughters of the Confederacy.

INDCX.

Compiled by E. Everett Hollingworth.

By Titles.

A Child's Recollections of the War Between the States (Charleston,

Sumter) 154

A Confederate Wedding (Richmond) 160

An Account and Reminiscences of the Exodus from Beaufort, S. C, in

1861 (Beaufort) 203

Deeds of Southern Women Should Live 216

Extracts from a Paper by E. A. A. (Greenwood) 35

Extracts from a Paper by Mrs. William Jeffries (Jonesville) 35

Extracts from a Paper, "Experiences of One Woman" (Rock Hill) .... 33
Extracts from the Letters of a Confederate Girl to a Cousin in Virginia,

from i860 to 1866 (Various places) 176

Ladies' Aid Society of Abbeville District, 1862-65 (Scotch Cross) .... 30

Laurens County During the War (Laurens) 149

Miss Katherine Robertson, of Charleston (Pendleton) 214

Miss Mary Ann Buie, the Soldiers' Friend (Aifcen and Edgefield

Counties) 121

Mrs. George Butler, nee Jane T. Perry (Edgefield) 133

Mrs. Mary A. Huntt and What She Did for the Preservation of the
State Records of South Carolina (Columbia, Chester, Spar-
tanburg) 120

Personal Experiences, '6i-'6s (Columbia) 196

Personal Experiences of Mrs. Lydia Walpole Salley, of the Paul Mc-

Michael Chapter, Orangeburg, S. C. (Legareville, Charleston) . . 210
Personal Recollections and Experiences ( Lowndes ville, Richmond) .... 156
Personal Recollections and Experiences During the Burning of Colum-
bia, S. C, by Sherman's Army, February 17, 1865 (Columbia) . . 147
Personal Recollections of the War Between the States (Chester) . . . . 134

Recollections (Sumter) 166

Recollections of Sherman's Raid Through South Carolina, February,

1865 (Columbia) 200

Records of a Refugee from the Coast (Orangeburg, Chester) i9j

Reminiscences (Orangeburg) 152

Reminiscences of the Exodus from Beaufort, S. C. (Charleston and

vicinity) 206

Sketch of Mrs. Margaret Tyler McMichael (Orangeburg) 129

Sketch of Mrs. Thomas Taylor (Columbia) 131

Slavery, as I have Known It (Camden) 122

Soldiers' Aid Societies Not Included in Volume First (Various Places) 91

Some War-Time Incidents of Sumter County, S. C 172

South Carolina Hospital Aid Association in Virginia, Report of 93

Supplemental Narrative (Sumter) 170

220 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

The Occupation of Lancaster, S. C, by the Yankees, Led by General Kil-

patrick (Lancaster) 163

The Women of the Confederacy, 1861-65 (Spartanburg Town and

District) 39

The Women of Vances (Vances) 38

Woman's Work in Anderson (Anderson County) 50

Woman's Work in Barnwell (Barnwell) Si

Woman's Work in Lancaster District, 1861-65 (Lancaster) 21

By Localities.

Abbeville 35, 99, loi, iii, 113, 114, 159, 197

Adams Run 52, 79

Aiken 21, 55, 69, 74, ^(l, 76, 121, 122, 204

Allendale 19, 59

Anderson (and District) 11, 50, ill, 112, 114, 159, 191, 214

Andersonville (Ga.) 138

Appomattox (Va.) 139, 155

Atlanta (Ga.) 79, 141, 198

Augusta (Ga.) 62

Barnwell 51, 52, 53, 62, iii, 152

Bay Point 203, 205

Beach Branch 65

Beach Island 19, iii

Beaufort ((and District) 55, 63, 102, 104, iii, 125, 175, 193,

203, 204, 205, 206, 208

Beaufort (N. C.) 205

Bennettsville lil

Bishopville 19, m

Bivingsville 36

Black Oak " 8, 114

Black River 112

Blacksburg 128

Blackville m, 112

Blakeley (Ala.) 169

Bluffton 112

Boonesboro (Md.) 150, 178

Branchville 61, 68, 84, 134, 194

Brandy Station (Va.) 151

Brewington m

Brighton J13

Broad River 112

Buncombville g

Calhoun Mills 112

Camden 19, 28, 58, 62, 73, 112, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128,

142, 17s, 188, 191

Cedar Springs 46, 47, 91, 92, 112

Cedar Swamp ge

Centreville (Va.) 138

Index by Localities. 221

Chappells Depot 16

Charleston. . . .8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 45, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 72, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 8s, 86, 87, 88,
89, 90, 98, 99, loi, 102, 103, 104, III, 112, 114, 118, 134, 135, 136, 140,
147, 149, 150, 154, 156, 162, 167, 168, 169, 170, 177, 186, 190, 192,

198, 203, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 21S, 218

Charlotte (N. C.) 143, 183, 185

Charlottesville (Va.) 40, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, loi, 102, 103, 107, 109, 208

Cheraw 76, 87, 112, 126

Chester 9, 10, 61, 112, 120, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142,

143, 144, 184, 185, 187, 194, 19s, 196, 201

Chesterfield 64

Chesterville 82

Chickamauga (Tenn.) 151

Claremont 112

Clarendon 19, 6i, 112

Clinton 112

Cokesbury 112, 113

Cole Island 136

Columbia 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 50, 51, 62, 64, 67, 7S, 77,

78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 88, los, 106, III, 112, 113, 118, 119, 120, 124, I2S,
126, 127, 136, 141, 142, 146, 147, 148, 149, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 186, 188, 190, 191, 194, 19s, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202,

203, 208, 216

Cooper River 63

Crawfordville 112

Cross Anchor 46, 91, 92

Cross Keys 112

Culpeper (Va.) 21,98,105,112,151, 209

Dalton 63

Dantonsville 112

Danville (Va.) 185

Darlington (and District) 18, 82, 83, 91, 112

Dingle's Mill I5S. 168, 174, 175, 176

Doco 183

Donalds "2

Donaldsville 112

Drury's Bluff (Va.) . . 141, 210

Due West "2

Edgefield I9, 5i, I09. 112, 114, 121, I33, 202, 203

Edingsville • I93

Edisto 19

Edisto Fork 8, 112

Edisto Island i", I93

Enoree 112

Eutawville I9, "2

Fairfax Station (Va.) 106, 107, 209

Fairfield (County) iS3, 187

Fishing Creek 112

Flat.Rock 81, 112

222 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Florence 7S, 11, 138, 168, 174

Fort Johnson 18

Fort Mill 144

Fort Motte 76, 112, 177

Fredericksburg (Va.) n. 48

Frog Level 112

Georgetown 123, 167, 174, 175

Gettysburg (Pa.) i33. I37, ISI, 183

Gillisonville 112

Glendale 36

Glenn Springs 49

Goose Creek 112

Goshen Hill 112

Gouchee Creek 48, 92

Grahams 112, 113

Graham's Turnout 61, 62, 74

Grahamville I9) 59. 63

Grassy Pond 48, 92

Green Pond 44. 56

Greensboro (N. C) 162, 184, 185

Greenville 19, 31, 102, iii, 112, 134, 156

Greenwood 35, 57, 112

Grindale Shoals 112

Hamburg 112

Hanging Rock. . . . , 143

Hardeeville 64,82, 112

Harpers Ferry (Va.) 134

Hendersonville 19

High Point 26

HiUsboro (N. C.) 168

Hills Church ig, 63

Hilton Head 203

Hollysville 48

Honea Path 19

Horry (District) 55

Indian Town 113

Jackson (Miss.) 181

Jacksonboro 66

James Island 13,66,70,81,154, 21a

Jamisons 62

Johnson's Island (Ohio) 87, 140, 160, 196

Johnston 121, 122

Johnston's Turnout -jd

Jonesville 35

Kalmia jj

King Creek jj3

Kingstree 8, 82

Kingville 62

Lancaster (including Lancasterville) 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 91,

113, 142, 163, 164, i6s

Index by Localities. 223

Lansford. . 113

Laurens (including Laurensville) 1 113, 149, 151

Leesburg (Va.) 137

Legareville 113, 211

Lexington IJ3

Lexington (Va.) 175

Liberty Hill ip

Limestone 48, 92

Liverpool (England) 69, 72, ^^, 78, 79

Longtown 113

Louisville (Ky.) 140

Lower Bridge 74, 91

Lowndesville 113, 156

Lynchburg 113

McPhersonville 81

Macon (Ga.) 57, 58, 113

Manassas (Va.) 136, 167, 209

Manchester (Va.) 96, 97, 100, 107, 108, 109, 115

Manning ' 113, 174

Marion 68, 113, 146

Marlboro 7, 16, 75, 80, 91, 113

Maysville 113

Middle Saint Johns 63, 85

Midway 96

Milford 113

Mobile (Ala.) . . 169, 188

Monterey , 113

Montgomery (Ala.) 188

Montgomery White Sulphur Springs •. 23

Morris Island. . 13, 16, 75, 76, 90, 135, 136, 210

Mountain Creek 113

Nassau 73

Newberry (and District) 18, SS, 73, 112, 113, 188, 189, 190

New Hope 28

New Market .' 31, 33

New Orleans (La.) 11, 168, 169, 181, 184, 199

Ninety-Six 30, 113, 196, 202

Norfolk (Va.) ■. .61, 176

North Pacolet 49. 92

Oakland 113

Oakland (Cal.) 128

Oak Lawn , 13, 73

Odner , . 113

Orange (Va.) 209

Orangeburg (and District) 8, 19, 36, 58, 62, 91, 113, 129, 130, 131,

152, 179, 194, 19s, 210

Palmetto 113

Pendleton 12,19,113,114,214, 215

Petersburg (Va.) S0> 97, 109, 160, 205

Pineville 8

224 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Piney Grove 113

Pinopolis 75

Pleasant Mount 113

Pleasant Plains 24

Pleasant Valley 25, 91

Point Lookout (Md.) 155

Pomaria 16, 113

Pomona 113

Port Royal ' 194, 203, 204, 205, 211

Portsmouth (Va.) 61

Providence 113

Reidville 114

Rich Hill 16

Richland 64

Richland (Miss.) 114

Richmond (Ky.) 160

Richmond (Va.) . . . .12, 44, 45, 54, 55, 79, 83, 87, 93, 97, 99, 100, 107, 117,

140, 156, 157, 158, IS9, 160, 161, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 191, 209

Ridgeville 47,48, 92

Ridgeway 19, 114

Rikersville 66, 87

Robertville 114

Rock Hill 114, 198

Rocky Mount 19

Rolling Mill Church 114

Round O 66

Rowes Pump ig

Sague La Grande (Cuba) 82

Saint Matthews 19,20,53, 113, 114

Salem (Va.) 100, 106, 114

Sandsford 114

Sandy Run 64, 91

Savannah (Ga.) 83, 84, 86, 87, 138, 140, 155, 203

Savannah River 81, 91, 158

Scotch Cross 30, 91

Secessionville •. __ 210

Selma (Ala.) gg

Seven Pines I3P^ 140, 172

Sharpsburg (Md.) 178

Shiloh 26,28, 178

Society Hill 18, 53, 74, 75, 86, 104, 114

South Kensington (R. I.) j,,

Spartanburg 11, 39, 42, 44, 49, 61, 66, 67, 76, 78, 82,

92, lOI, III, 114, 120

Springtown ig_ 114

Standing Spring Church jj4

Statesburg 63^ H4

Sullivans Island 9,64,134, 210

Summerton gg

Summerville 21,66,69,80,83,87, 114

Index by Surnames. 225

Sumter (and County) 12, 19, 52, 73, 74, 104, 114, 155, 156, 166,

168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 17s, 176

Totness 19, 179, 186, 191, 192, 193

Tullifiny Works gi

Tuscania (Ala.) J14

Union (District) 114

Union Church 25

Unionville 70, 114

Upper Three Runs 114

Vances 38, 39

Vicksburg (Miss.) 205

Wadmalaw 114

Wadsworth 114

Walterboro 11,111,114, 205

Warren Springs (Va.) 96, 97, 100, 104, 105, 110

Warrenton 114

Washington (D. C.) 196

Waterloo 114

White Pond 68

Wildcat 25, 91

Williamson 114

Williamsburg 114

Williston 75, 114

Wilmington (N. C.) 121

Winnsboro 19, loi, 114, 142, 183, 195, 200, 201, 202

Woodruff 48, 92

Yorktown (Va.) 21

Yorkville 135, ig8, 199, 208

By Surnames.

Abbott 83

Abercrombie 60

Adams 23,25,27,83, 200

Adger 78, iii

Ailesbury 71

Akroyd 71

Albany 81

Albergotti 19, 36

Aldrich S3

Alexander S8

Allen 46, 47, 91, 92

Allison 23,27, 29

Allston Ill

Anderson 31,44,47, 172

Anderson (U. S. A.) 134, IS4, I77, 2io

Andrews 47.62, 92

Andrews (pseud., U. S. A.) 198

Angel S8

15

226 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Anson 7i

Archer : 40. 44. 67

Ashbridge 72

Ashby 41

Ashton 79

Aubrey 60

Avinger 38

Babcock 9, 10, 134, 135, 140, 141, I4S. 146

Bachman 19. 20, 52, 58, 59, 74, 77, 87

Backstrom 16

Bacon 121

Bacot 82, 104

Bailey 27, 28, 29, 35, ill

Baird 84

Baker 29,83, 91

Baldwin 13

Ball ISC 181

Ballard 83

Ballinger 42, 47

Banks 60

Banks (U. S. A.) 105

Barentine 16

Barker 28, 73

Barksdale 35, 137

Barnes 25,30, 112

Barnett 46, 91

Barnwell 12, 41, 96, 98, 99, no, in, 115, 117, 119, 185,

187, 188, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209

Barratt 31

Bath 71

Beach 58

Beacham 47

Beaty 26,27, 29

Beauregard 8, 55, 70, 74, 136, 140, 146

Becaes 102

Becker 72

Beckham 27

Beckley 87

Bedgood 81

Bee 98, 99, no, 156, 169

Belden 23

Belk 24,25,27, 29

Bellitzer 8

Bennett 10, 18, 60, 69, 82 136

Bennett (U. S. A.) 213

Benning 60

Benson 31

Bentevoglio 71

Beverys 112

Billings 23

Index by Surnames. 227

Bird 109

Bishop 44

Bissell 99, 109, 185

Bivings 41, 47

Black ■ 30, 119

Blackmon 23,27, 28

Blake 76, 83

Blakeney 22

Blamyer 17, 56, 70, 90

Blanchard 181

Blue 30

Blum 74,75, 19

Blythe.. 31

Bobo.. 40,43,49, (>7

Boiifenshene 23

Bolan 63

Bolles 58

Bolton 16

Bomar 40,41,43, 67

Boozer ' 112

Bonham 8, 106, 115

Bost. 40, 41, 42

Bostick SS

Bowers 23, 60

Bowie 40,41,42, 43

Bowles (U. S. A.) 202

Boyd : 23, 27, 53, 112

Boykin S8

Bradley 9, iiS

Bragg 140

Branch 99, 106, III

Branham 60

Brasington 28

Brawley 83

Breedin 8

Brice 60

Bridges 49

Bringloe 83

Brink (U. S. A.) 164

Briston 16

Broadinax I09

Bronson 118, 160

Brooke 183

Brooks 31, 33, 35, 202

Brown 27, 29, 30, 48, 50, 53, SS, 79, 86, 120, iso, 164, i6s

Brown (U. S.) i34

Brown (negro) 87

Bruce 158

Brummett 23

Bruns 52, d^

228 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Bryce lO, 13, 22, 112, 119

Buck IS

Buckley 60

Buckly 60

Subtler 40*

Buie 70, 121, 122

Buist 149

Bull S8

Bullock 72, n

Buning 60

Burch iS6

Burke 58, 78

Burkhead IS6

Burkheister 121

Burrel 31

Bush 47

Butler 40, 109, 133, 134, 151, 166, 182

Byrd 35, 202

Byrne 72

Cabell 99

Cade 8

Cairns 60

Calder 69, 72, 78

Caldwell 23, 47, 69, 80

Calboun 35

Callenseer 71

Calvert 47

Camp 47, 49

Cannon 66

Capers 132

Carlisle 11, 28, 29, 40, 41, 43, 44, 67, 76

Cart 99

Carroll 78, 79

Carruth 49

Carson 40, 43, 69, 78, 133

Carter 29, 60, 102, 103

Carter (negro) 124 128

Caskey 26

Cassin 72

Caston 22, 27, 40, 44, 45, 67

Cauthen 25,27, 28

Cecil ; , 71

Chambers 23, 60

Chaplin ji2

Chatham 31^ oc

Cheatham 140, 146

Chesterfield 7j

Cheves 112

Chichester jce

Childs 35, 190, 191

Index by Surnames. 229

Chisholm 13

Chisolm 82, 100, 107, 108

Chitty 74

Choice 40, 41, 43. 46, 92

Clanton 28

Clark 29, 48, 49, 102

Clarke 62, 102, 112

Clarkson 203

Claussen 52

Cleveland 40, 41, 67

Clifton 28

Clinton 23

Clyburn 22, 23

Cochran 193

Coffin 98, 99, III, 112, 183, 185

Cogswell 81, 118

Colclough 172

Coleman 10, 35, 136

Collie 71

Collier 27

Collins 21, 49

Colquett 60

Compton 49

Conner 87, 132, 152

Conners 22,23,26,27, 29

Connor 23

Consart 23

Converse 36,41, 67

Cook 16, 23

Cooper 46,47, 91

Corcoran 23

Cornwallis 142

Courtland 214

Coward 47

Crafts '. 112

Craig 28, 29

Grain 140

Crawford. . . .13, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 91, 118, 119, 120, 132, 138, 164, 166, 200, 202

Crawley 48

Creight 8

Crenshaw 28

Creswell 30. 3i, 32, 33, 35. 9i

Creyton 13

Crockett 16, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29

Croft 122

Crofts 112

Crook 78

Crowder 26, 72

Croxton 28

Crump 18s, 188

16

230 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Culpepper 167

Cummings 66

Cunningham 8,23,70,79,112, 157

Cureton 26,27, 29

Curtis 48

Cuthbert 207

Dampierre 71

Daniels 41,96, 100

Dantzler 20, 53

Darby 11, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, 185, 190, 191, 192

Dargan 83

Davega 140

Davidson 105

Davis 69, 84, 112, 119, 129, 14s, ISO, 158, 159, 178, 184

Dawson 60

Deale 23, 27

Dean 40, 41

DeCarodene 59

DeCarduec 8

DeLeon 98, 169

DeLorme 83

Dernelsy 181

DeSaussure 88, 93, 118, 119, 120, 157

de Treville 180, 193

Devereux 79

Dexter 60

Dial 1 12

Dixon 29, 166

Donnelly 57,69, 88

Donton 27

Douglas 62, 74, 201

Dove 83

Drayton 46

Drummond 47,48, 92

Dudley 80, 91

Duncan 29, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, (^7, 181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190

Dunkum 96, 100, 102

Dunlap 24, 27, 29, 30

Dunovant 82, 134, 141, 193

DuPre 40, 43, 44, 67, 70, 76

Durant 68

Eardley 71

Easterling jg

Edgerton 53

Edwards 40, 41, 42, 44, 67, 68, 82

Eichelberger i^g

Elford 40, 42

Ellington 60

Elliott 19. SS. 63, 73. 205, 207

Ellis 28

Index by Surnames. 231

Elmore 35.64,78,131, 182

Estelle 12

Evans S3. 62, 81, 118, 137, 140, 160, 162

Ezekiel 79

Fairis 33

Fairly 11

Falk 12

Farmer 11

Farrow 43, 46

Farley 149, 150, 151

Ferguson 23, 30, 60, 83, 93, 202

Fernandes 48

Fickling 73

Finch 52

Fishbume 100, 107, 108

Fisher 64, 78, 118, 119, 120, 136, 203

Fitches 96

Flagler 8

Fleming 30

Flemming 4°

Floumoy 60

Floyd 46. 91

Fludd 66

Fluornoy 60

Folger ..42, 46

Forrest 13.16, 42

Forster (U. S. A.) 190

Forsythe 60

Foster 21, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 67

Foushee 105

Foyle 69

Franks iSO

Eraser 200

Frost 83

Fry.. 44

Fuller 205

Funderburk 25

Gadsden 9

Gafifney 48, 49

Gaillard 79, loS

Gaines °4

Gale 60, 86

Gardner 23

Garlington I49, i5o

Garnett. . 176, I77, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185 191

Garrett 4i

Garsides • ^7

Gary 182, 197

Gaston 1°' 47

Geary (U. S. A.) 87

232 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Geiger 64, 87

Gibbes 21, 62

Gibbs 112

Gillespie 44

Gilliland 64, 76. 77. 80, 82, 86, 87

Gillmore (U. S. A.) 70

Girardeau 21

Gist 96, 185

Gladden 28

Glennie S3. 123

Glover 36,52. 91

Godfrey 87

Goetchins 60

Going 28

Golding 40, 46

Gooch 30

Goodwin 183

Goodworth ., 80

Goodwyn 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 190, 191

Gordon 60

Govan 63

Graeser 19,64, 91

Graham 10, 76, 136, 137

Gray 112

Green 27, 30

. Greene 30

Gregg 13, 76

Gregory 23

Greville 71

Gourdin loi, 102, no, 112

Griffin 31, 35, 112

Grimball 53

Gruber 52

Guignard 112

Gurney (U. S. A.) 71

Habersham 104, no

Hadden 47

Hagood SI, 74, 152, 210

Haile 27

Hains 8

Hales 27

Hamer 16

Hames 35

Hamilton 72,203,205, 206

Hammond 23, 26, 29

Hampton 115, 127, 131, 141, 142, 146, 171, 182, 205

Hance 149, 150, 151

Hanckel 46, 67

Hancock 26

Hane 177, 185

Index by Surnames. 233

Hannahan 57

Harby 170

Hardaway 60

Hardee. 63

Hardwick 60

Hargraves 60

Harllee 61, 68

Harper ' 136

Harris 40, 100, 119

Hart 62, 105, no

Hasell 73

Haskell gp

Haskins 49

Hasseltine 23, 27

Hawkins 81

Hayne 64, 78

kays (U. S. A.) 164

Hemphill 82

Henderson 42, 43, 76

Hendrix 44

Henry 9, 43

Heriot 74

Heyward 63,69, 76

Hicks 96, IDS, 109, no

Hill 60, 202

Hilliard 28

Hilton 25

Hinson 16, 27, 28, 62

Hinton 10, 112, 136

Hodges 60

Holcombe 44

Holland 72

HoUingsworth 150

Holt 49

Holtzhouser 43

Honkhouser 41

Hood 74. 140, 144. 146

Hope 71, 118

Hopkins S6, 96

Horlbeck 77

Horsfall ^. 71

Horton .. ! 22, 23

Hoskier 72

Hough 27

Houghton 42

Howard 60

Howe 13, 16

Howie 83

Hoyt SO, 151

Huger 17,66,78, 87

234 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Huguenin 210

Humphries 25

Hunt 60, 82

Hunter 27, 73

Huntt 120, 121

Hurt 60

Hutson 60

Hyde 13

lervey 113

Illgees 60

Inabinet.. 8

Ingram 27

Irving II

Irwin 41, 43

Jackson 49, 50, 51, 66, 92, 96, 99, loi, 105, 107, no, 138

Jacobs 151

James 150

Jamison 180, 191

Jeffries 35

Jenkins 41, 47, 66, 107, 109, 135, 147

Johnson 6, 25, 26, 48, 66, 69, 79, 81, 109

Johnston 20,53,56,63,83, 140, 183, 187, 191

Jolly 146

Jones 44, SS, 69, 99, no, ISO, 163

Jordan 31

Judd 42

Keist 67

Kelso 49

Kennedy 10, 40, 41, 43, 67, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 146

Kennerly 6g

Kennington 22, 28

Kerr 48

Kerrison 46, 92, 118, 120

Kershaw 31, 53, 107, 160

Kervin 83

Killet 113

Kilpatrick (U.S.A.) 163, 164, 166, 183

King 48, 49

Kirby 41, ^3

Kirkpatrick 23 27

Knight 25

Koester C2

La Borde 11, 63, 74, 88, 96, 98, loi, in, 118, 120, 208

Lafar 14, 87, 96, 109, 115, 116

Laird 7j

Lamar gg

Lamb jr2

Lambright 46, gj

Lancaster 40

Landrum 47

Index by Surnames.

235

Langford 41

i-<cirK. . .. .. ■■ .. ,, ,. ,, .. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^_ ^ ^ 2'?

Latham 48

Latimer gp^ 157

Latta , 203

Law 60

Lawton u^

Leathe 210

Lebby 65

Lecrest 144

Lee .. ..41, 49, 54, S5, S8, 62, 63, 74. 78, 80, 83, 139, i44.

151, IS4. 15s. 160, 169, 191, ig6, 204, 20s

Legge 40,41, 43

Legrix 23

Leitner 67

Leland 64, 78

Leonard 60

Lesesne 21, 104

Lester 31, 46

Leverton 41

Levin 113, 183

Levy II, 79

Lewis 144

Lincoln 177, 191, 196

Lipscomb 31, 35, 48

Lipscombe 115

Littlejohn 48

Livingston 69

Llewellen 60

Lloyd 58

Lockwood 43,45, 46

Logan 36, 91. 130, 183, 185

Long 168, 176

Longneuil 71

Longstreet 60, 140, 147, r6o

Lothian .' 71

Lott 102

Louis 58

Love 23

Lovell 191, 199

Lowe 72

Lowry 208

Lowthen 60

Lyons.. 119

McAlpine loi

McArthur 49

McAskin 113

McCall 157, 158

McCalla i57

McCarley 142

236 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

McCarthy 12

McCauley 69

McCaw 13. 208

McClintock ._. I49. 15°

McCord 10, II

McCrea 65

McCreight 201, 202

McDaniel 16

McDonald 10, 136

McDow 26, 29

McFie 102

McGowan S6, 132

Mcllwain 27, 29

Mcintosh 86, T02

Mclntyre 68

Mclver yj, 82

McKee 82, 134

McKellar 31

McKenna 23

McKennon 16

McKenzie 75

McLardon 23

McLarnon 23

McLaughlin 18

McLaurin 176

McLure 82, 135, 144

McManus 25

McMaster 50, 51, 96, no

McMichael 58, 129, 130, 131

McMuUer . . 23

McMurdo 181

McMurray 27

McNaul 13

McNeil 35

McQueen 168, 176

McQueen (U. S. A.) 127

Macbeth 87

Macfarlane 93

Mackey 27

MacLaws 160

Madray 102

Magrath 87

Malcolmson 72

Malone 31, 60

Manigault 78

Mann 112

Marjenhoff 52

Marks 52

Marshall 31, 78, 189

Martin 78, 79, 82, 118, 119, 120, 136

Index by Surnames. 237

Mason gg

Massey 22, 23, 27, 28, 29

Mathews ji,

Maury i88, 189

Maxwell 41

Maybin 41,43,44, 46

Mayfield 187, 188

Maynard 187

Mazyck 123,206, 210

Meadows 4g

Means 47, 185

Melchers 168

Melft 52

Mellichamp 155

Merriman 35

Meyer , 74

Meys 60

Michel 108, 109, IIS

Middleton 18, 52, 79

Miles 57, 83

Millar 52

Miller 25, 41, 42, 47, 49, 69, 92

Milliken 53, 73

Millings 38

Mills 40, 41, (>y, 134

Milnor 52

Miscally 116

Mitchell 41,46, 67

Mittag 27

Mobley 143, 145

Moffett 60

Moise 170, 171

Montague IS7, 160

Montgomery 46, 47, 49, 91

. Montmart 71

Moody 146

Moon 43

Moore 16, 22, 23, 27, 29, 40, 43, 47, 49, 73, 92, "3, IS3

Moore (negro) 169

Mordecai 75

Morehead 113

Morgan 42, 140, 146

Morris 39

Morrow 49

Mosely 68

Moses 62, 78, 79, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171

Mosley IS7

Moss 40, 46, 129, 130

Motly 140

Mott 92

238 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Motte 113

Mungo 23

Munnerlyn 60

Murat 71

Murphy 52

Murray 79. I93. ipS

Neil 13s

Nelson 60

Nettles 113

Nevels 74

Newton 188

Noble 186

North 69,98,99, IQI

Norton 184, 185, 186

Nott 48

Ocker S8

Ohlandt 52

Oland 49

Oliver 58, 72

O'Neal 33, 34, 200

Otey 60

Pack 8

Paimpare 168, 176

Palmer 113, 118, 120

Parham 16

Parker 41, 43, 46, 48, 108, 109, 115, 119, 190

Partlow 31,33, 35

Patten 6a

Patterson 72

Payne 87

Pelham 147, 198, 199

Perry 25, 27, 28, 49, 133, I34

Perryman 31, 32, 33

Petty 49

Philips 76

Pickens 93, 177

Pilkinton 107, 108

Pinckney 63, 70, 71, 78, 210

Pluss 152

Polk 133

Poole 41, 46

Pope 16, loi

Poppenheim 132

Porcher 52, 72, 75

Porter 16, 25, 69, 78, 82

Post los

Potter (U. S. A.) 155, 168, 169, 174, 175, 176

Pow 69

Powell.! gi

Power 157

Index BY Surnames. 239

Pratt 113

Preston 185

Price 23, 27, 29

Pride 82, 140

Pringle 83, in, 197

Prioleau 72,77, 146

Quigley 23

Quintard 63

Quintell 72

Ragland 60

Ramsay 46

Ramsey 80

Randolph 187

Rasor 13

Ravenel 147

Raymond 53

Red 30

Redd 60

Reeves 28, 58

Rembert , .. ..102, 104

Renneker 52

Reynolds 31, 35, 119

Rhett 56, 190, 20s

Rice 74, 114

Richardson 31, 73, I49

Riker 52

Riley 181

Rion loi, 102

Ripley 69

Rivers 98, loi, 108, no

Rives 108

Robb 48

Robertson 17, 22, 25, 56, 73, 90, 91, 105, 198, 199, 214

Robinson 67, 82, 102, 103, 147

Roddy 18

Rodewald 72

Rodgers 41. 60

Rogers 60

Rose 114

Ross 24, 25, 27, 91, 210

Rosser I47

Rowe , 8, s8, 129, 194

Royal 78

Rush 47, 92

Russel 41

Russell 41

Rutherford 60, 189

Rykard 3i

Sage 114

Salley 36,91, 210

240 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Sally 19

Salters 8, 74, 91

Sams 186

Savage 185, 186

Schaaf 60

Schaller 79

Scott 8, 65

Screven 63

Scurry 202

Seabrook 114

Settle. . . i 23

Shand 118, 120

Sharp 190

Shepherd 60

Sherman (U. S. A.) 36, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, go, 120, 124, 130, 141,

142, 143, 14s, 147, 149, 15s, 159, 178, 179, 182, 183, 186, 190, 194, 195,

198, 200, 201, 208

Shields (U. S. A.) 105

Shipp 40, 41, 44, 67, 76

Shipping 48

Shorter 60

Shupe ". . .. 63

Simmons , . . . .28, 31, 32, 35, 114

Simms 59, 146

Simons .' , 114

Simonton 58

Simpson 46, 91, 149, 150

Sims 197

Singleton 99

Sloan 114, 185

Slocum '. 182

Small 25, 26

Smith 16, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 67, 73, 76, 80, 83, 112, 177

Smyth 68

Sm3fthe 7, 132

Sneed 60, 74

Snoddy 47

Snowden 64,69, 78

Solomons 169

Spence 72, 79

Spring 46

Springs 42

Stacy.. 40

Stark 10

Stedman gg

Steel 208

Steinmeyer 67

Stell 74

Stephens 146

Sterling 84

Index by Surnames. 241

Stevens 29, 41, 46, 67

Stevenson gg

Stewart 28

Stogner '. 26

Stoneman (U. S. A.) 120, 143, 151, 159

Stough 29

Stovall 115

Stover 28

Stowman 29

Strahl 63

Strait 27, 29, 140, 141

Strobel 47

Strother 60

Stroud 16

Stuart 64, 151, 181, 184

Styles 48, 52, 92

Surratt 196

Swan •;■/

Taliaferro 40,43,46, 188

Tarpley 6a

Tate 49

Tattnall 204

Taylor 28, 131, 132, 160, 197, 218

Teague 102

Technor 60

Tennent 78

Thomas 66

Thompson 29, 57, 68, 102, 200, 201, 202

Thomson 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 67, 176, 192

Thornwell i99, 208

Threewitts 60

Tipton 24

Todd 66, ISO

Tolleson 41. 67

ToUison -40, 43

Torrance 60

Tones 60

Townsend "4, 118, 119, 120

Trapier ii4

Trapman 72

Trassier ii4

Trenholm 81

Trezevant "4

Trimmier 4°. 4i. 42, 67

Tuck 41, 43

Tucker 78

TuUy 67

Turner • 99, 121

Twitty 28, 40, 42, 43

Tyler • 60, 129

242 South Carolina Women in the Confederacy

Vanlandingham 28

Vard 69

Vernon 40, 4i. 43, 67

Volga 79

Wade 24 25, 30

Wagner dy

Waites 31

Wakefield 4S

Walker 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 67, 82, 102, log, 114,

13s, 137, 138, ISO, 193, 206

Waller 35

Wardlaw 19, 3 1, 33, I97

Ware 33, 34 60

Waring 8, 114

Warren 60

Washington • 132

Waties 102, 105

Watkins 158, 185

Watson 16

Watts 150

Wayman 67

Weathersbee 75

Webb 27, 50, 114

Webber 40, 67

Weber 43

Webster 48, 92

Weith 153

Wells 120

Welsh . ; 22, 23, 27

West 42

Weston 123

Whaley 114

Wharncliffe 71, 77

Wheeler 30, 140, 141, 143, 144, 147, 195, 201

Whilden 81

White 30, 47, 73, 81, 122, 156, 157, 158

Whitehead 52

Whitlock 82

Whitman 46^ gi

Whitsell ■ 140

Wilde (U. S. A.) 61

Wiley S3

Wilkins 48,60, 92

Wilkinson 181

Williams 16,18,27,60,78,98, 106

Williamson 28, 176

Willis 16, 76

Wilson 8, 41, 42, 43, 58, 67, 208

Wingfield 6i

Wingo 40,41, 67

Index by Surnames. 243

Winkler 20, 52, 53, 62, 63, 68, 74, 75, 80, 82, 86

Wise 112

Witherspoon 26, 29, 53, 74, 75, 164, 199, 200, 208

Wofford 43, 45

Wood 47

Woodfolk 60

Woodford (U. S. A.) 90

Woodruff 45, 60

Woods 10, 27, 134, 136

Wragg 66

Wright 40, 42

Wright (negro) I3S

Wylie 29

Wynne 42

Yates 53.63,64,68, 87

Zimmerman 47

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